1、冠 词,目录,一. 冠词概述二. 冠词的分类三. 冠词的用法,一. 冠词概述,冠词的概念：冠词是经常加在名词前面的一个辅助词，帮助说明名词的含义。 冠词在句子中不能单独作一个成分，是虚词。 冠词的范围：a、an、the,二. 冠词的分类,不定冠词：a和an定冠词：the,三. 冠词的用法(不定冠词),（一）不定冠词的用法：1. 表示类属中的“任何一个”用来列举此类人或事物中的任何一个都具有某种能力或某种特征。A child should have more free time to think.2. 表示泛指的某人、某物用来指某人或某物，不明确指出具体的人或物，只说明大体情况。An Engli
2、sh-English dictionary is very necessary for me.3. 表示微弱的one的概念a/an和one同源，但有时意义差别较大。a/an泛指同类事物中的“任何一个”；one则强调数目概念，表示“一个”。There is going to be an English lecture tomorrow.Can one child finish the job?4. 表示数量中的“一 ”。用在数词中，表示“一”。A hundred and more people attended this meeting.,三. 冠词的用法(不定冠词),5. 表示单位量词的“每一
3、”指某种人或事物中的任何一个，或表示“每一”的概念。Take three pills a day and youll get better soon.6. 用于集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前（1）用于集体名词前I was put in a large class this term. The Smiths are a musical family.（2）用于物质名词前物质名词如 coffee, food, tea, fruit, fog, rain, snow, wind等，在表示“一种、一杯、一场”之意时，常加不定冠词。A heavy rain fell yesterday. I
4、would like a coffee and two beers.（3）用于抽象名词前Music is really a great pleasure. （4） 用于专有名词前He is a Chinese and now is working as a doctor in Japan.A John called during your absence.,三. 冠词的用法(不定冠词),7. 不可数名词前加不定冠词不可数名词如education, history, knowledge, population, time, world等，在表述其某一部分或某一方面的内容、概念时，前面常加不定冠词
5、have a long history receive a good educationa knowledge of English and computer have a population of 1 billion a long time/while很长一段时间 8. 用于部分动词短语中具有动作意义的名词在与动词have, take, make, give等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，此名词前的不定冠词一般不可缺少，表示“做一做”have a look/walk/break/try/bath make a choice/decision/plan/study 9. 用于同源宾语前在同
6、源宾语中，与动词“同源”的名词前一般要加不定冠词sleep a sound sleep睡得很香 smile an attractive smile笑得很迷人Dont trouble troubles until trouble troubles you.,三. 冠词的用法(不定冠词),10.不定冠词的习惯用法（1）与时间和方式有关的短语as a rule通常 in a word 总之 as a result因此 in a moment立刻once upon a time从前 after a while一会儿后 in a special way（2）与一些常用动词构成搭配get a cold感冒
7、 pay a visit 拜访 take a seat坐下 get in a word 插话make a living 谋生 make a face 做鬼脸 make an apology 道歉make a speech做演讲 take an interest in对感兴趣take a message for 为某人稍口信 have a match/meeting lend/give sb. a hand have a cold/cough/fever/headache/pain,三. 冠词的用法(定冠词),1 表示特定的人或物这种用法可以表示上文提到过的或谈话双方明确的人或物。特指某人或某事
8、物，以区别于同类中的其他人或事物。Is this the book that you are looking for? 2 表示某类属的全体:the 常用于单数名词前，代表一类人或事物。Do you know who invented the computer?The cat, is liked by many people. 3 表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物世界上独一无二的东西很多，这里所指的独一无二主要是指各种天体及世界上比较有影响力的物体。The sun is bigger than the moon. 4 表示具体的地点、方位，具体的时间或某天的一部分等on the right i
9、n the east in/at the end in the afternoonin the center in/at the beginning We have friends all over the world.,三. 冠词的用法(定冠词),5 用于比较级、最高级所修饰的名词和序数词前，常用the，表示特指Which story is the more interesting (story) of the two.He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 6 用于“越.越”结构中，the必不可少The more care
10、ful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.The more we get together, the happier well be. 7 用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或事物The rich should help the poor.The old are easy to catch cold. 8 用于乐器前，在演奏的乐器前加theShall we dance to the guitar? 9 用于集体名词、物质名词、专有名词前 （1）用于集体名词前：定冠词用于集体名词前，表示复数概念The museum is open to the publi
11、c.The people in this country are kind and ready to help.,三. 冠词的用法(定冠词),(2)用于物质名词前：定冠词可用于不可数的物质名词前The iron is harder than the stone. We dont want the air to be dirty.(3)用于专有名词前：普通名词构成的专有名词前往往要加theThe Thames runs through London. Every day many children go to the London Zoo. 10 定冠词的习惯用法(1)用定冠词的地名、组织名 t
12、he US, the Great Wall, the UN, the Taiwan Straits, the Himalayas, the History Museum(2) 常用定冠词的习惯短语与时间相关的短语：in the day, in the middle of, at the same time, at the age of, all the year around与地点相关的：at the foot of, in the world, on the way to, in/on the street, in/on/to the east of, at/on/in the corner
13、 of, on the ground/playground, at the beginning/end of, at the back of 其他固定短语： tell the truth, make the bed, go to the cinema, in the darkness, with the help of, on/over/through the radio, at the top of ones voice,不用冠词的场合,1 专有名词前一般不加冠词：China, American, Grade Two, Bill Smith 2 一些抽象的不可数名词前不加冠词：Life is
14、 short; art is long. Time waits for no man. 3 名词前已有this, that, my, whose, some, any, no, each, every等物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰限定时，不加冠词。Come this way, please. I have some questions to ask. 4 复数名词表示某一类人或事物时，不加冠词They are workers. Computers are very popular to all kinds of people. 5 季节、月份、星期和节日的名词前不加冠词It
15、is Sunday today. June 1st is Childrens Day in China.Spring is a lovely season. 6 在语言、学科、三餐、球类等名词前不加冠词Miss Smith can not speak Chinese.Maths is hard to learn.,不用冠词的场合,7 在人名、称呼语、头衔、职务等名词前，一般不加冠词What color are Mr. Greens shoes? The president gave a talk on TV. 8 在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词 by car, by bus, by tr
16、ain(但take a bus, in a boat, on the bike前要加冠词) 9 表示语言的名词前不加冠词，但后加language时，必须加theChinese French English the Chinese language the French language 10 在turn（变成）后作补语的名词前不加冠词Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer. 11 在一个“普通名词（或形容词最高级）+as(though)”引导的让步状语从句中，不用冠 Shortest though he is, he runs fastest i
17、n our class. 12 固定短语里不用冠词 成对使用的词组中，不加冠词：husband and wife, young and old, sun and moon, bread and butter, knife and fork, arm in arm, shoulder to shoulder, sooner or later, father and son, face to face, from south to north, day and night 介词短语中，有的不用冠词：at school/home, at night/noon/daybreak, in fact, in bed, on purpose, by accident 其他： catch fire, catch sight of, come to light, come to power, give birth to, give rise to,
