1、Unit 1 Cultural relics,知识清单,(一) 基本单词 1. _ vi. 幸免; 幸存; 生还 2. _ vt. 挑选; 选择 3. _ n. 设计; 图案; 构思 vt. 设计; 计划; 构思 4. _ adj. 奇特的; 异样的 vt. 想象; 设想; 爱好 5. _ vt. 移动; 搬开 6. _ n. 怀疑; 疑惑 vt. 怀疑; 不信,survive,select,design,fancy,remove,doubt,单词,7. _ adj. 以前的; 从前的 8. _ adj. 值得的; 相当于的价值 n. 价值；作用 9. _ adj. 本地的; 当地的 10.
2、_ vi. 爆炸 11. _ vi. 下沉; 沉下 12. _ n. 争论; 辩论 vi. 争论; 辩论 13. _ adj. 非正式的 14. _ adj. 木制的 15. _ adj. 贵重的，有价值的 16. _ adj. 稀罕的，稀有的，珍贵的,former,worth,local,explode,sink,debate,informal,wooden,valuable,rare,(二) 派生单词17. _ vi. 使吃惊; 惊讶_ adj. 令人吃惊的_ adj. 吃惊的 _ n. 吃惊; 惊讶18. _ v. 装饰; 装修 _ n. 装修; 装饰,amaze,amazing,ama
3、zed,amazement,decorate,decoration,1. 寻找 2. 属于 3. 作为报答; 回报 4. 处于交战状态 5. 少于 6. 拆开 7. 看重; 器重 8. 装饰有,in search of,belong to,in return,at war,less than,take apart,think highly of,be decorated with,短语,核心要点,1. survive v. 生存，存活；幸免，幸存；保存Is it enough to have survived for a long time?（课文原句）能保存很长时间就够了吗？,单词,【拓展】
4、 survivor n. 幸存者survival n. 残存，生还，生存,2. select vt. 挑选; 选择The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown color like honey .（课文原句） 选出来的琥珀色彩艳丽，呈现蜂蜜一样的黄褐色。,【归纳】 select .as. 挑选作为select sb. to do. 挑选某人干 【辨析】choose, select, elect, pick choose: 侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多对象中进行选择, 着重被选者的优点。 select: 书面, 具有庄严正式的
5、感情色彩, 强调精选。,elect: 按照一定的规章或法律, 用投票等方式 进行的认真慎重的选择。 pick:口语词, 多指从个人角度仔细挑选, 也含任意挑选之意。,3. design n. 设计; 图案; 构思 vt. 设计; 计划; 构思The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. （课文原句）琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的别致的建筑式样。,【归纳】 by design (on purpose) 故意地; 蓄意地 design sb./ sth. to do sth. 打算让从事 design sb.
6、/ sth. for. 打算让用作某种目的 be designed for/to do sth. 计划做; 打算用来做,4. remove v. 移动; 搬开; 搬家; 迁移; 脱掉; 撤职; 消除Before the Nazis could get to the simmer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room.（课文原句）在纳粹分子到达夏宫之前，俄罗斯人只能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件艺术饰品搬走。,【归纳】 remove.from
7、把移开 remove from.to. 从搬到 remove sb. from school 开除; 勒令某人退学 remove ones doubt/ trouble 消除某人的疑虑/烦恼,【辨析】move, transfer, remove 这些动词均可表从一处移往另一处之意。 move: 普通用词, 指从一处到另一处转移。 transfer: 一般表示转送/移交或迁移, 尤指交通运输中的换乘或职务的调动等。 remove: 移动, 与move可换用, 还可指撤职或开除学藉等。,【辨析】 remove, dismiss, expel 这些动词均有“开除, 驱出, 去掉”之意。 remove
8、:普通用词, 不带任何感情色彩。 dismiss: 既可指突然地迅速地排除, 也可指解雇或开除。 expel: 多指强行解除公职或驱出住地。,5. doubt v. 不信There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.（课文原句） 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。,【归纳】 without/beyond doubt 无疑地; 必定; 当然Th
9、ere is no doubt 毫无疑问There is some doubt whether(if).有疑问I dont doubt that. 我确信I doubt whether (if). 我怀疑no doubt 毫无疑问,6. worth adj. 值得的; 相当于的价值 n. 价值; 作用Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuan Ming Yuan in Beijing? （课文原句） 重建诸如琥珀屋和北京圆明园这类的文化遗址，是否值得？,【归纳】 be well worth
10、 doing sth.非常值得做某事be worth the money/ effort/ a try 值得花钱/ 努力/ 一试be worth it值得一干; 值得花精力(或时间),【辨析】 worth, worthy, worthwhile worth作表语, “值得的”, 构成be worthn./ pron./ doing worthy 作表语, “值得的”; 作定语时, “值得尊敬的, 注意的”, 构成be worthy ofn./ being done/to be done。 worthwhile 作表语/ 定语, “值得的”, 构成It be worthwhile doing s
11、th./ to do sth.,With the reform of literacy marketplace, an increasing number of good TV series and films which are _ have been coming forward. A. worth watching B. worth to be watched C. worthy of watching D. worthwhile watching,一句多译。 那个地方值得一去。 1) The place is worth a visit. 2) The place is worthy
12、of a visit. 3) The place is worth visiting. 4) It is worth visiting the place. 5) The place is worthy of being visited. 6) The place is worthy to be visited. 7) It is worthwhile visiting the place 8) It is worthwhile to visit the place.,1. in search of 寻找In search of the amber room（课文原句） 寻找琥珀屋,【拓展】
13、in ones/ the search for 寻找 search sth./sb. 搜查某物或搜身search for 寻找(look for)search.for. 为找到而搜查,短语,【辨析】 in search of/ search/ search for/ search.for. in search of 介词短语, “寻找”, 可作状语/定语/表语/宾补等, 也可用in a/the/ones search for来替换。 search 及物动词表“搜查”, 宾语可人, “对某人进行搜身”, 如果宾语是表地点的名词, “搜查某个地方”。 search for “搜寻”, 花费很大的力
14、气去寻找某个特定的人或物, 相当于look for。 search.for. 为寻找而搜查,【即时应用】用in search of/ search/ search for/ search . for. 的适当形式填空。 1) Many neighbours joined the couple, _ the missing boy. 2) The police started off _ the possible clues which would help find the suspects.,searching for,in search of,3) They have _ every ro
15、om in the hotel, but found nothing valuable. 4) The police _ the house _ the hidden drugs.,searched,searched,for,2. belong to 属于; 是的一部分Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.（课文原句） 腓特烈威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。,【归纳拓展】 belong to不用于进行时态和被动语态。 belong如果表示“应该在某处, 适合在某处”时后
16、跟in, on, among, under, with等介词。 belongings n. 财产; 所有物; 相关事物,单项选择。 There are many countries present at the meeting, and one third of them _ the developing country and the third world. A. belong to B. are belonging to C. belongs to D. are belonged to 解析：belong to不用被动语态，不用进行时态；主谓一致原则，分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于
17、它所修饰的名词。,句型转换。 The boy is a member of a football club and plays every Saturday. The boy _ a football club and plays every Saturday.,belongs to,3. in return 作为回报; 作为交换In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.（课文原句）作为回赠，沙皇送给他一队最好的士兵。,【拓展】 in return for 作为的回报; 答谢 AB return ticket /trip
18、 往返车票/ 旅行in turn 依次; 轮流; 相应地; 反过来 ABCby turns 轮流,Are you free after school? Sorry, Ive planned to treat a friend of mine to dinner _ for help. A. in order B. in returnC. in turn D. in honor,4. less than 少于，不到In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. （课文原句）在不到两天的
19、时间里，10万个部件装进了27个木箱。,【拓展】含than的其它常用短语：more than 不仅仅，多于，非常more . than . 与其说不如说是而不是no more than 只有no other than 只有，正是other than 不同于，除了,5. think highly of 看重; 器重; 高度评价I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room.（课文原句）我非常欣赏那些寻找琥珀屋下落的人。,【拓展】think well/ much of sb./ sth.对某人/某物评价很高think bad
20、ly/ little/ ill/ lightly of sb./ sth对某人/某物评价很低(印象不好) think little of 不放在眼里; 轻视think nothing of 轻视; 认为无所谓speak highly of 高度赞扬sing high praise for高度赞扬, 为某人唱赞歌,【提示】当think highly/ well/ much of用于被动结构时, 副词置thought之前, 即构成be highly/ well/ much thought of结构。,In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesse
21、s to believe and which not to believe.,疑问代词who, what, which等和疑问副词when, where, how等后面跟不定式, 构成不定式短语, 在句中作主语/ 宾语/ 表语/ 宾补。,句式,【归纳】 “疑问词动词不定式”经常用在某些动词(短语)后作宾语, 这样的动词(短语)有: tell, show, know, learn, find out, forget, wonder等。 此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致, 否则用相应的从句。,【观察】 注意观察A、B两组句子的不同点。 A. 1. Everyone who /
22、 that knew Jack liked him.2. The woman (that / who / whom) you met just now is my mother.3. Please show me the book which / that is written by Mo Yan.4. The education (which/that) my dad received added up to no more than two years.,语法,限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句,5. This is the singer whose father is a great sc
23、ientist. 6. I remember the day when my father died. I was only ten years old at that time. 7. Could you tell me if there is a supermarket around where I can buy some food? 8. The woman with whom you shook hands just now is head of our company.,B. 1. Liu Ying, who is our monitor, is kind and always r
24、eady to help others.2. The students went to the hospital to see her, whom they respect greatly.3. At about 3:00 in the afternoon, we came to the village, whose scenery was really fascinating.4. The college, where my brother studied, is a famous one.,5. The dictionary, which my father bought in Beiji
25、ng, is very helpful for me. 6. He said he was busy, which was untrue. 7. Tom wasnt listening to me, which made me angry. 8. This house, for which Mr. Smith paid $150,000, is now worth $300,000.,【归纳】 A组中的定语从句都是限制性定语从句，B组中的定语从句都是非限制性定语从句。主要有以下区别： 1. 形式不同限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开（A组句子）；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开（B
26、组句子）。,2. 作用不同限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰限制，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整、不明确或失去意义（A组句子）；非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整（B组句子）。,3. 关系词不同限制性定语从句可以由that, which, who(m), whose, where, when, why及“介词 + which / whom” 等来连接；非限制性定语从句通常由who(m), whose, which, when, where及“介词 + which / whom”等来连接。另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，而在
27、非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。,4. 关系代词指代不同限制性定语从句的关系代词一般指代一个名词或代词（A组句1至句5、句8）；非限制性定语从句的关系代词则既可指代一个名词或代词（B组句1至句3、句5、句8），也可以指代主句的部分或_ 内容（B组句6、句7）。,全部,【即学即练】 用方框内的关系词填空。1. Do you still remember the days _ we stayed together in the junior school? 2. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him. 3. The boy wi
28、th _ John spoke is my brother. 4. Mr. Shang, _ came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my fathers. 5. Mary, _ children are at school all day, is trying to get a job.,that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why,when,which/ that,whom,who,whose,6. The city _ I grew up is a very beautiful plac
29、e. 7. They dislike Tom, _ is not surprising. 8. I went to the old house in _ my grandmother used to live. 9. Please give me the reason _ you were late again. 10. You should apologize to your friend _ bike you lost.,that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why,where,which,which,why,whose,议论文是对某问题或
30、事件进行分析、评论，表明观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的文体。正反对比式，是从总论点的正反两个方面入手，进行正反对比论证得出结论。简单的正反对比是在提出观点后，一段从正面论证观点，一段从反面论证观点，最后得出结论。还有一种对照式结构是在正面进行论述或者摆出论据后，用转折或假设的方式从反面展开论述。,写作,如何写正反对比式作文,【写作指导】 分四个基本段落来写： 第一段引出话题； 第二、三段提出正反两方面的观点，陈述理由； 第四段总结利弊，表明作者态度。,【注意】 1. 话题的提出要开门见山； 2. 对比论据要正确，条理要清楚，论据要充分，论证要合理，准确、精炼； 3. 观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可
31、； 4. 主体时态多用一般现在时； 5. 尽量避免同一单词、句型的重复使用，多采用同义词、相似结构以使表达多样化。,【常用表达】 1. 开头部分 We had a heated discussion about / on . Opinions about. are divided. People have taken different attitudes towards. There are different opinions among people as to . Some people claim that ., however, others disagree with it. S
32、ome people believe/ argue that . while some hold the opposite idea/ opinion.,2. 正方观点Some are for / in favor of the idea that. People who are for the idea think that . 3. 反方观点However, . hold a different view that . / hold the opposite opinion.People who are against it think .,4. 个人观点In my opinion, .
33、As far as I am concerned, . From my personal point of view, .Personally, I think . As for me, .,【写作任务】 假设你是李华。最近你班在英语课上针对“学校该不该禁止学生带手机”这个话题进行了辩论。请根据提示写一篇短文，介绍辩论情况，然后发表在你校英文论坛上。 正方： 带手机导致学生上课分散注意力； 占用时间上网、玩游戏、发短信。 反方： 方便与家长和朋友保持联系； 手机使学生有安全感。 你的观点 注意: 1. 词数120左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 参考词汇：分散distract。
34、,【参考范文】 Recently we had a debate on whether students should be forbidden to use smart phones in school. The results are as follows.Some argue that we should be forbidden to use smart phones in school. First, using smart phones distracts our attention from our lessons. Besides, some students spend to
35、o much time online, playing electronic games and sending text messages after class.,However, others think we students should be allowed to use smart phones in school. Smart phones make it convenient for us to keep in touch with our parents and friends. Besides, smart phones can give us a sense of se
36、curity. Personally, I think we students should be allowed to use smart phones in school so that we can contact our parents in case of emergency.,巩固练习,I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. My grandfathers only chance of _ (survive) was a heart transplant. 2. The _ (amaze) thing is that it was kept secret for so long.
37、 3. He described her as one of the greatest film _ (art) of the 20th century.,survival,amazing,artists,4. Its an outdoor party, so dress _ (informal). 5. When will they finish the _ (decorate) of the bathroom?,informally,decoration,II. 用方框内合适的短语填空。take apart, belong to, less than, in return, in sear
38、ch of 1. What can we do for them _ for all the help they have given us？ 2. We have to _ the whole engine to discover the cause of the trouble. 3. The whole house went up in smoke in _ an hour.,in return,take apart,less than,take apart, belong to, less than, in return, in search of 4. Mr. Smith had a
39、lso gone _ the couple but returned from London without success. 5. The police have found out that the handwriting _ a male.,in search of,belongs to,III. 用适当的关系词填空。The town 1. _ I was born has changed greatly over the last twenty years. Now, there is a modern shopping centre in the place 2. _ my scho
40、ol used to be and all the children 3. _ went there have grown up and moved away. The local cinema, 4. _ was built several years ago, used to be a dance hall 5. _ big bands played.,where,where,who/that,which,where,The park, 6. _ was my favorite place as a child, is now a car park. Some things are sti
41、ll the same though. Mrs. Jones, 7. _ is now sixty years old, still works in the Post Office and Mr. Jones still owns the bakers shop, 8. _ his two sons now work.,which,who,where,The hospital 9. _ I was born in is still standing, although it is now much bigger than it was at the time 10. _ I was born
42、.The day 11. _ my family and I left our home town was one of the saddest days of my life.,which,when,when,. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 Some people like their guitars to look fancy and new; others like 1. _ to look as if theyve been knocked about a bit. The founding father of the world-famous Fen
43、der guitar company, designed 2. _ first mass-produced solid wooden-bodied electric guitar, the Telecaster in 1950,them,the,3. _ he followed up with the Stratocaster in 1954. These two models are probably the most recognizable electric guitars on the market and have 4. _ (regular) been seen in the ha
44、nds of rock and pop stars all over the world ever since. Telecasters and Stratocasters 5. _ (make) in the 1950s and 1960s are highly thought of but beyond the price-range of most guitarists.,which,regularly,made,Some are 6. _ near perfect condition while others, worn down by working musicians over t
45、he decades, 7. _ (cover) in scratches, cigarette burns and drink stains. In recent times, there has been increasing demand for these rare and 8. _ (value) “relic” guitars, so the company has started to produce fake “relics”:,in,are covered,valuable,copies of their 50s and 60s guitars that look like
46、they 9. _ (play) for over 50 years. Chipped, scratched and rusted by guitar makers in Fenders guitar factory, they are some of the most expensive new guitars you can buy, but still much 10. _ (cheap) than an original. Some ask, “Whats the point?” Others say, “Thats Rock n Roll!”,have been played,cheaper,
