1、 单元知识预览项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1.means n 手段；方法2 boom n. (人口、贸易的 )繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期3 customs n. 海关；关税；进口税4 occur vi. 发生；出现5 indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示6 luggage n. 行李7 slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n. 滑动；滑倒8 hire vt. occurring)【例句研读】(1) There were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work
2、.过去，在我上下班途中发生过各种各样的悲剧。(2) It never occurred to him that he would make such a great success in teaching career.他从来没有想到他会在教学事业中获得如此巨大的成功。(3) A good idea occurred to/struck/came to me.我突然想到一个好办法。【归纳拓展】occurrence n. 发生；出现sth. occurs to sb.sth. strikes sb.sth. comes to sb.It occurs to sb. to do sth.It oc
3、curs to sb. thatclauseIt strikes sb. thatclause 某人想起/想到【即时巩固】(1)The same theme _ in many of his works.同一个主题在他的许多作品中都有。(2)The accident _ at five oclock. 事故发生在五点钟。(3)An idea _ me.我想到一个主意。(4)_ _ to ask for help.她没想到请别人帮忙。(5)_ she would refuse his invitation.他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。【答案】(1)occurs(2)occurred(3)occu
4、rred to(4)It didnt occur to her (5)It didnt occur to him that考点 4undertake vt.着手；从事；承担；保证【教材原句】It is a difficult task to undertake.这是一项很难完成的任务。【例句研读】(1) We are supposed to undertake the responsibility to lead a lowcarbon lifestyle，which is of great significance.我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。(2) He undertook
5、to finish the job by Friday.他答应在星期五以前完成那项工作。【归纳拓展】undertaking n. 任务，事业；承诺，答应undertake a task/project 承担一个任务/项目undertake to do sth. 答应做某事undertake for sth. 为负责 【即时巩固】(1)The company has announced that it will _ a full investigation _ the accident.公司已宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。(2)He _ the job by Friday.他答应星期五之前完成这
6、项工作。(3)Ill _ your security. 我将保证你的安全。【答案】(1)undertake into(2)undertook to finish(3)undertake for考点 5forbid(forbade/forbad，forbidden)vt. 禁止；不准【教材原句】Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究。【例句研读】(1) The school forbids the students to
7、smoke/from smoking.学校禁止学生吸烟。(2) Everyone is forbidden to own a gun privately. 不许任何人私自拥有枪支。【归纳拓展】forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid that. 禁止(从句中常用 “should动词原形”)forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事温馨提示：forbid 后不能直接跟动词不定式做宾语，而是跟动名词做宾语，也可用 forbid sb. to do sth. 形式，有类似用法的单词还有 allow, permit, adv
8、ise 等。【即时巩固】(1)Our school _.我们学校不允许学生吸烟。(2)Smoking should _ public places.公共场所应该禁止吸烟。(3)His parents _.他的父母不准他喝酒。【答案】(1)forbids students to smoke (2)be forbidden in (3)forbid him wine考点 6owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等) ；归功于 ；应感谢【教材原句】You owe the lady an apology.你必须向这位女士道歉。【例句研读】(1) I owe you an apology for having
9、been so rude to you last night.昨晚我太粗暴，应该向你道歉。(2) The wellknown scientist always says that he owes all his success to the support of his family.这位著名的科学家常说他的成功归功于家人的支持。(3)Owing to the rain，the match was cancelled.【归纳拓展】(1)owe sb. sth.或 owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物owe.to. 把归功于owe it to sb. that.多亏某人帮忙(2)owing
10、tobecause of“因为，由于 ”，后接名词、代词、动名词做宾语，构成介词短语，表原因。【即时巩固】(1)Dont forget you still _ 150 yuan to the wine shop.别忘了，你还欠酒店 150 元钱呢。(2)He _ his success to hard work and practice.他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。(3)If I have improved in any way, I _ it all to my teacher.如果说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的老师。(4)I _ it to you that I finishe
11、d my work in time.多亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。(5)_ to the rain, they could not come.由于下雨，他们不能来了。【答案】(1)owe (2)owes(3)owe (4)owe(5)Owing考点 7strike n罢工 vi.& vt.打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划( 火柴)；打动【教材原句】proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into peoples hearts.证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。【例句研读】(1) The victim had b
12、een struck with some kind of wooden implement.受害人遭到某种木制器具的击打。(2) It struck her that losing the company might be the least of her worries.她突然意识到失去公司或许是她最不担心的一件事。【归纳拓展】be struck with(by)为所侵袭；为所触动(感动)It strikes me that.我觉得；我的印象是strike a match 划火柴strike on/upon 打在上；撞到上be on strike 举行罢工go on strike 实行罢工
13、【即时巩固】(1)The workers _/_ because they wanted more money.工人们在罢工，因为他们要求增加工资。(2)When the clock _， the strike started.当钟敲响了五点，罢工开始了。(3)The match _ because of the moisture of the air.由于空气潮湿，火柴划不着。(4)_ none of them trusts each other.他们当中没有一个人信赖对方这使我震惊。(5)Great damage has been caused by the tornado which _
14、 the area last week.上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了巨大的损失。【答案】(1)were striking /on strike (2)struck five (3)wont strike (4)It strikes me that(5)struck考点 8resist vt.抗拒；抵制；对抗；忍住【例句研读】(1) I was not strong enough to resist the offer.我不够坚定，抵抗不了他的好意。(2) I couldnt resist having a look at her diary.我忍不住看了一眼她的日记。【归纳拓展】resist
15、ance n. 反抗resistant adj. 抵抗的；耐 的resist sth. 抵制、阻挡某事resist doing sth. 反对做某事cant resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事be resistant to 对有抵抗力【即时巩固】(1)The river banks could not _.河堤抵不住水压。(2)A healthy diet should help your body _.健康饮食有助于身体抵抗感染。(3)I could hardly _.我忍不住笑了起来。【答案】(1)resist the water pressure(2)resist infe
16、ction(3)resist laughing重点短语精讲考点 1take in 包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留【教材原句】Its a 79km roundtrip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.这是一次往返79 公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。【例句研读】(1) A British newspaper says British Airways plans to take over Trans World Airways.一家英国报纸称，英国航空公司计划接管环球航空公司。(2) My writing career took off
17、when I discovered my own style.找到自己的写作风格后，我的写作事业开始有起色了。(3) In the past few years，the village has taken on a new look.在过去的几年，这个村庄呈现出了新面貌。【归纳拓展】take away 拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等)take down 记下来；拆掉take for (错) 当做；( 误)以为take off 起飞，匆匆离去；脱下take on 呈现；雇用take over 接收，接管，取代take to 喜欢；养成的习惯take up 占去，占据；开始；从事【即时巩固】写出下列句
18、中 take in 的意思。(1)There she was taken in by an aged couple._(2)Dont let yourself be taken in by his tricks._(3)The students found it easy to take in what their teacher had taught._(4)The dress was too big, so I took it in._(5)The tour takes in six European capitals._【答案】(1)收留 (2)欺骗 (3)领悟(4)改小(衣服)(5)包
19、括考点 2make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等【教材原句】Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在了加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。【例句研读】（1 ） In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living，but to make a life.教育不是为了教会年轻人谋生，而是教会他们创造生
20、活。（2 ） My parents are retired and now live a comfortable life我的父母亲退休了，现在过着舒适的生活。（3 ） I love to watch everything coming to life again in the spring.我喜欢看春天里万物复苏。【归纳拓展】come to life 变得活跃起来bring sb./sth. to life 使某物更生动；使某人/ 某物苏醒lay down ones life for sb. /sth.为牺牲生命，献身lead/live alife 过着的生活make/earn a livi
21、ng 谋生【即时巩固】(1)They emigrated to Australia to _ _.他们移民到澳大利亚，开始全新的生活。(2)Her songs _ our history _ again.她的歌曲又一次重现了我们的历史。(3)Joanne _ as a dancer in a nightclub.乔安妮在夜总会当舞女，以此谋生。(4)The match finally _ in the second half.比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。(5)They were prepared to _ for their country.他们准备为国捐躯。【答案】(1)make a new
22、life there(2)bring to life (3)earns a living(4)came to life(5)lay down their lives考点 3pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清【教材原句】But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthroughthe cloning of Dolly the sheep.但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于 1996 年收获了突破性的结果克隆羊“多莉” 。 【例句研读】（1 ） That I
23、can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。（2 ） If you dont work now，youll pay for it later when you fail your exams.你现在不好好学，到考试不及格时就会为此而付出代价。（3 ） Why is it always me who have to pay out?为什么付款的总是我？【归纳拓展】pay money for sth. 付钱买pay for sth. 买pay back 还钱，报复pay out 付出大笔款项；放松pa
24、y up 付清欠款【即时巩固】(1)They _ their debt after ten years.十年后他们还清了债务。(2)Two hundred workers have _.200 名工人已被结清工资了。(3)They took a hell of a risk but it _.他们冒了很大的风险，但事情成功了。【答案】(1)paid off(2)been paid off(3)paid off经典句型剖析考点 1 That is/was why.那就是 的原因。【教材原句】That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Span
25、ish as a first or second language.那就是今天为什么还有超过 40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。【句法分析】这是一个复合句，why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language 在句子中作表语。 That is/was why.那就是的原因。(1)Thats why.这就是为什么(why 从句表示结果)(2)Thats because.这是因为(because 从句表示原因)(3)The reason why/that/which/f
26、or.is/was that.的原因是(表语从句常用 that 引导，而不用 because)【例句研读】(1) That was why I came early.那就是我早来的原因。(2) It was raining hard then. That was why I was late.那时正下着大雨。那就是我迟到的原因。【即时巩固】（1 ） Tom came late for the meeting. _he was ill.汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他病了。（2 ） _Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.汤姆开会迟到的原因
27、是因为他病了。 【答案】(1) That was because(2) The reason why考点 2 whether.or 意为“无论还是”【教材原句】However，scientist still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.然而科学家们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类以及克隆技术将把我们引向哪里感到困惑。【句法分析】whether.or 意为“无论还是”常用来引导让步状语从句和名词性从句。【拓展归纳】whether or not 无论是否no matter whet
28、her 无论(常引导状语从句)whether 是否(一般只引导名词性从句)【例句研读】（1 ） Maurice asked me whether I needed any help.莫里斯问我是否需要帮助。（2 ） Whether he will go there or not makes no difference.(主语从句)无论他去不去那里都没关系。（3 ） Whether you like it or not，you must do it well.不管你喜不喜欢，你必须做好它。【即时巩固】（1 ）我不知道他喜不喜欢它。I dont know_（2 ）老少，每天喝一杯都会让你非常高兴。_it is for the old or the young，drinking a glass every day will make you very happy.无论（3 ）我要打电话叫医生来，不管你愿不愿意。Im calling the doctor，_【答案】(1) whether or not he like it (2) No matter whether(3)whether you like it or not/whether or not you like it
