1、高考必考语法改错,被动语态,错中学 易掌握 印象深 永不忘,歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。, 被动语态的构成。 以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1am/is/are +done 一般现在时 2has /have been done 现在完成时 3am/is /are being done 现在进行时 4was/were done 一般过去时 5had been done 过去完成时 6.was/were being done 过去进行时. 7shall/will be done 一般将来时例 8should/would be done 过去将来时例 9shall/will h
2、ave been done 将来完成时（少用）10should/would have been done过去将来完成时（少用）,被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而上变化。,【改错】,注意！,1. The book got written by him.,特点1 通常不接by sb. ，但有时接by sth. 。特点2 用get的地方，一般可用be代替，但用be的地方不一定能用get代替。 特点3 get多用于一般过去时。 特点4 这种结构大多是表示状态的系表结构。如：He got drunk. 他喝醉了。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,was,_,“g
3、et+过去分词”的四个特点,get + pp(过去分词) 的用法(get done结构),get是系动词，后接过去分词或形容词作表语，表示状语的改变，意为“被，变得”。它不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。get dressed/changedget marriedget burnt/ burnedget drunkget started get lost get caught in the rain get damaged get excited get killed get paidget hurt,穿衣服/换衣服 结婚 烧伤,晒黑 喝醉 开始 迷路 被雨淋湿 遭到破坏 激动 丧命 得到报酬
4、 受伤,【考点】“get过去分词”结构。 【考例】 1. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.(NMET04-28) 2. Be careful when you cross this very busy street If not, you may_ by a car(北京2002) 3. How are the team playing Theyre playing well, but one of them _ (北京2002春) 4. As we joined the big crowd
5、，I _ _from my friends.(NMET2001) 5. Cleaning women in big cities usually _ by the hour.,get changed “换衣服” get run over， got hurt， got separated， get paid,get changed,get run over,got hurt,got separated,get paid,【改错】,注意！,2. A library with five thousand books are offered to the nation as a gift.,解析：a
6、library是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，又因主语(library) 是单数。注意：with five thousand books是a library是定语。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,is,_,将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题,1. All the employees except the manager _(encourage) to work online at home. 2. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _(wash) each year.,are encouraged,are
7、 being washed away,语法填空：,3. Great changes have been taken place in our city since 2000.,【改错】,take place和happen都是不及物动词或短语，不能用于被动语态。 break out ,break in， belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to , rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie ,occur等都属于不及物动词（词组）不能用于被动语态。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,不及物动词或短语,The traffic acc
8、ident was happened yesterday. Ill come after the meeting if time_(permit). The fire was broke out in the capital building. After the earthquake, few houses were remained. When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already been risen.,permits,我练、我练、我练练！,【改错】,注意！,4. I Your pronunciation shoul
9、d be paid attention.,有些短语动词相当于及物动词也有被动语态。短语动词变成被动语态时，不能把后面的介词或副词漏掉。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,to,短语动词变成被动语态介词、副词不能丢,1. The doctor has been sent_. (介词) 2. Your homework should be handed _after class(副词) 3. Women were looked down _ in the old days. 4. His house was broke _ by a thief last night. 5. Newly-born babi
10、es are taken good care _ in hospital.,for,in,语法填空：,upon/on,into,of,6. The patient is being operated_.,on,短语动词常见的有： catch sight of, make use of, pay attention to, set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take notice of, keep an eye on,7. Good care must _babies, particularly while they are ill.,be tak
11、en of,be taken of,解析：由固定短语take good care of(好好照看) 是可知，good care与take是被动关系,【改错】,注意！,5. She was heard sing an English song in the classroom.,有些动词如see , hear , watch , notice, listen to , let , make等，要求不带不定式符号to 的不定式做宾语补足语，但变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号to ,原来的宾语变成主语，原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,to,1. The boy was
12、made _ cry by his sister.,语法填空：,to,But :The strange was let go.,【改错】,注意！,61. Whom was English spoken in the next room just now?,Who spoke English in the next room just now? (主动语态) 先把who当作主语sb变为被动语态，得到下面的句子。 English was spoken by whom in the next room just now? 疑问词要放在句首变为： Whom was English spoken by
13、in the next room just now? 介词by可以同whom一起放在前面，也可以放在后面。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,by,62. French is also taught by our school.,【改错】,by引出动作发出者; 我们学校也教法语。翻译成Our school also teaches French. 是错误的。 当动作的执行者没有必要指明或为大家所知时，通常用被动语态。 French is also taught in our school.,in,_,被动语态十大经典错误例析,1. People should be stopped _ cutting
14、more trees.,语法填空：,from,stop/prevent/ keep sb/sth (from) doing sth阻止干某事。在主动语态中from可以省去，变成被动句sb/sth be stopped / prevented from doing sth. from不可省。Keep sb/sth from doing sth意思也是“阻止干（做）事”无论在主动语态或被动语态中，from不能省去,若省去from就变成keep sb/sth doing sth使某人一直干某事。,2. _was the new bridge built? 3. The doctor is known
15、 _ us all. 4.The medical team is made up _ two doctors and ten nurses.,By whom,to,of,【改错】,注意！,5. The job had better been finished ahead of time.,含had better的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时作用相当于一个情态动词，同can, may, must等，变为被动语态时相同。类似的词组还有seem to ,happen to ,used to ,have to ,be able to 等。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,be,_,【改错】,注意！,7. A
16、 maths problem was discussed when I entered the classroom.,现在进行式的被动语态形式为am/is /are +being+过去分词。过去进行式的被动语态形式为was / were +being+过去分词。,被动语态十大经典错误例析,being,-Have you moved into your new house? -No, it _ (paint) now.,语法填空：,is being painted,【改错】,注意！,8. An interesting story was told me last night.,tell sb.
17、sth.=tell sth. to sb. Sb. be told sth. Sth. be told to sb.,被动语态十大经典错误例析,to,The cup with mixture was showed _ the class. 2. Some country music was played _ us. 3. A question was asked _ me by him.,to,for,of,bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。,build, bu
18、y, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。,【改错】,注意！,9. They have married for 2 years.,强调状态,被动语态十大经典错误例析,been,10. This book is sold well here.,【改错】,有些动词，如act, add, brush, burn, clean, cook, count, cut, draw, drive, keep, lock, look, open, read, sell, smel
19、l, smoke, strike, wash, wear, write等，其主动形式在一些具体场合表示被动意义。这类句子的特点是：主语往往是“物”而不是“人”。另外，后面往往带有well这一类副词或者修饰主语的形容词。,selling,_,被动语态十大经典错误例析,主动表被动,This kind of cloth _(wash) well. The soup _(taste) wonderful.,语法填空：,washes,tastes,taste , feel, look, sound, smell, appear等，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。,主动表被动,3. The patie
20、nt needs_.(take care of),taking care of,to be taken care of,need ,want ,require三个词的主语是后面跟的动词的承受者时，动名词用主动形式，表示被动意思.不定式用被动形式，句型为： sb/sth needs/wants/requires doing/to be done,4. Eggs wont _(keep) long in summer. 5. English is not easy_(learn). 6. Please lend me a pen _(write).,keep,to learn,to write w
21、ith,The meat didnt cook well. (主动句) The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被动句),非谓语动词用主动形式表被动意义的6种场合（详见非谓语动词）在作表语或补语的形容词后作状语的不定式，用主动表被动。在have， with， there be后的名词后的不定式，表示“有要”时，用主动表示被动。在This / That / These / Those be后的名词后的不定式，用主动表被动。不定式to blame， to let等作表语时，用主动表示被动。在表示“（某物）需要”的need， want，
22、 require等后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。在be worth后的动名词用主动表示被动,【改错】,注意！,11. The Peoples Republic of China was found on October 1, 1949.,find-found-found found-founded-founded,被动语态十大经典错误例析,founded,【改错】,注意！,12. Wet clothes are often hanged up near a fire in rainy weather.,hang-hanged-hanged绞死；上吊 hang-hung-hung悬挂,被动语
23、态十大经典错误例析,hung,【改错】,注意！,13. Only after my friend came did the computer repaired. （NMET2005福建卷）,将语态与倒装结合起来命题,被动语态十大经典错误例析,was,I cant see any coffee in this cupboard. Has it all been finished ? (NMET2005春),1 - So what is the procedure? 【2013北京】- All the applicants_ (interview) before a final decision
24、_(make) by the authority.,【填空】,are interviewed,被动语态第一题,【解析】考查动词的语态和时态。句中applicants与interview之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态；且句子所描述的为一般情况，故用一般现在时态的被动语态。,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.1,is made,一般现在时,1. I need one more stamp before my collection _(complete) . (NMET1994) 2. We wont start the work until all the preparations _ (make
25、).（2014天津卷） 3. Hundreds of jobs _ (lose)if the factory closes.,is completed,have been made,will be lost,【解析】通常说来。在时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时，前面的主句中使用将来时。在高中英语中也使用现在完成时代替将来时，表示到将来某个时间已经完成的事情。句义：直到所有的准备工作都做好以后，我们才开始工作。,复合句中，从句用一般时表将来,语法填空：,2. It is said that the early European playing-cards _(design) for ent
26、ertainment and education . (辽宁卷06-31),【填空】,were designed,被动语态第二题,表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作，用一般过去时的被动语态；,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.2,一般过去时,3. More patients _(treat) in hospital this year than last year. (NMET2004，江苏，26),【填空】,have been treated,被动语态第三题,根据this year确定为现在完成时。 。,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.3,现在完成时,4. Although the cause
27、s of cancer _(uncover), we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it . (山东卷06-28),【填空】,are being uncovered,被动语态第四题,表示现阶段正在发生的被动动作，用现在进行时的被动语态 。,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.4,现在进行时,5. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _(complete) in Beijing. (上海2003 春),【填空】,had been completed,被动语态第五题,由由短语By t
28、he end of last year可知完成这一动作发生在过去的过去.表示过去某个时候之前发生的被动动作，用过去完成时的被动语态。,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.5,过去完成时,6. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ (complete) by 2006. (2004高考北京卷-27),【填空】,will have been completed,被动语态第六题,表示从现在看在将来某一时间之前完成的被动动作，用将来完成时的被动语态；,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No
29、.6,将来完成时,7. The rice _(burn) if you had been more careful. (MET1988),【填空】,would not have been burnt,被动语态第七题,虚拟语气,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.7,虚拟语气,8. The mistake youve made must _ (correct) at once. (90)Coal can _(use) to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.(M80),【填空】,be used,be corrected,被动语态第八题
30、,带情态动词的被动结构,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.8,9. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment _(damage). (NMET2005春),【填空】,was damaged,被动语态第九题,将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.9,10. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ (place) under the Ministers car.(NMET2005广东卷),【填空】,had bee
31、n placed,被动语态第十题,考查定语从句中谓语动词的形式。根据题意place动作应发生在catch之前,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.10,1. It _(say)that the boy has passed the national exam.,【填空】,is said,被动语态第十一题,The boy is said to have passed the national exam. It is said that there is plenty of oil off our coast. There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast.,注意！,核心指数,难度指数,No.11,“据说”类的三个被动句型 It is said that There is said to be sb. / sth. is said to,
