1、非谓语动词讲解Nonfinite Verbs非谓语动词过去分词不定式动名词现在分词分 词-ing 形式动名词现在分词非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式1.谓语动词：概述：2. 非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子一个句子 当中，当中， 已经存在一个已经存在一个 主句主句 （谓语动词）（谓语动词） ,又没有又没有连词连词 的情况下的情况下 , 还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时 。非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She
2、got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.1 The teachers sitting there arefrom other schools.表语2 We saw some teachers sitting there. 宾语补足语3 We need to be active in class. 宾语谓语宾语主语 定语 连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等 . 4.To see you is glad.=Its glad to see you. 5.I want to see you. 6.I w
3、ant him to see you. 7.My hope is to see you. 8.He is the man to see you. 9.Im glad to see you.10.I went to see you.11.He went so early as to see you（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语） 12.Swimming is his favourite sport. 13.He enjoys swimming. 14.I found him swimming in the river. 15.His f
4、avourite sport is swimming. 16.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 17. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.(作主语）作主语）(作宾语）作宾语）(作宾补）作宾补）(作表语）作表语）(作状语）作状语）(作定语）作定语）动词不定式（ The Infinitive）一 . 动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号 to加动词原形构成。其否定式由 not+不定式构成肯定式： to do sth 否定式： not to do sth. 被动式： to be done 完成式： to h
5、ave done二 . 动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。动词不定式 To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this eveningAll you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the o
6、peration.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补(1)作主语 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.注： 常用 it做形式主语，将 to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型 1： It + 谓语 + to doIt takes us an hour _ get there by bus.句型 2： Its + n. + to doIts our duty _ help the poor.It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday
7、in the mountains句型 3： It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth （ 是形容人的品质的 ）（ 是形容事物的性质的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.It
8、s impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that. You are very kind to give me some help. you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that. 常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择want, decide, hope, agree, choose, wish, need ,promise(2)作宾语 I want to know this matter.like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determi
9、ne, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等I dont expect to meet you here.1). 接不定式做宾语1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. M
10、y daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties.5. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand. B. 常跟疑问词 +不定式作宾语的动词 : tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain know, show, discover, see(understand) He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get
11、the book. I hope youll advise me what to do.I dont know how to get there.I havent decided whether to go or stay. beginstartcontinue+to do doing注意下列动词注意下列动词likelovehatepreferlearn+ to dodoingrememberforgetregret+ to dodoingtrymeanstopgo on+ to dodoing1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leav
12、e the classroom.A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest4. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office.A. to turn off B. turning off C. turn off D. to turning off(3)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实
13、际上是逻辑上的主谓关系 )1. Mother told me _ come back before 10 oclock. 2. Ill get someone _ repair the recorder for you. 3. What caused him _ change his mind? 4.I wish you _ come as soon as possible. 5. He asked me _do the work with himadvise allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hate invite order wi
14、sh obligewant warn remindpromise permitpersuade requestsb. to dosee watch look athearlisten to feelnotice+ sb. +dodoing donemake lethavesb. beseen watched looked atheardlistened to feltnoticed+ to do madelet2). I often hear them (sing) this song. Did you notice anyone (come )in ? I would have him (w
15、ait) for me for a long time. Look at the horse jump. 注意： 当这类动词转为被动语态时， 其后的不定式则要加上 “ to” 如： He is often heard _ the songHe was seen _ the room. to singto enter4. it作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with him注意： 不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用 it
16、作形式宾语。 Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj/n + to do sth. 1.We thought _ better _ start early. 2.Do you consider _ better not _ go?3. I feel _ my duty _ change all that. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确
17、 。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers.2.Little Sandy would love _(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate.4. I saw him _ into the small store.A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone5. Tell the boy _ out of the wind
18、ow.A.not to look B. to not look C. dont look D. not look help (to)waterto takecryto cry5. I have something to tell you. (不定式作 定语 )1) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Do you have anything to wash today?Do you have anything to be washed today? (区别主被动）2) 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容I have no chance to go there.3) 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语She is
19、the last to leave the room.4) 不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词He is looking for a room to live in. 1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit with B. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruit D. cutting
20、the fruit with3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper （写上） 4.Excuse me， could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen （写）to write onto write with动词不定式做定语注意： 如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应有必要的介词。如： He is looking for a room to live in Please give me a knife to cut with(5)作状语 表示目的、原因、结果或条件
21、。I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there . To look at him， you would like him(目的 ) (原因 )(结果 ) (条件 )动名词（ gerund）一 . 动名词的基本构成主动语态 被动语态一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done二 . 动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代
22、词修饰I hope you dont mind my saying it.2. 动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Are you for or against having the meeting.I insisted on leaving at once.三 .动名词的功用1.可作主语 Seeing is believingReading newspapers can increase our knowledge.no useno goodno fun Its + a shame + doinga waste of time/moneyuselessdangerous There is no + doing. It is no use crying. It is no good objecting Looking after the patients is a nurses job. Its dangerous playing with fire. Its a waste of time copying othershomework. There is no joking about the matter.
