1、第三课时 介词和介词短语,李仕才,1.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1，000 years old.(2017天津卷),A.among B.against C.behind D.below 答案 A 句意：当你开车穿过加利福尼亚的红木森林时，你将会穿梭于超过千年历史的树木之间。be among 位于之间；be against 反对；be behind 在后面；be below在之下。根据句意，故选A。,感 悟 高 考,2.Many peopl
2、e who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.(2017北京卷),A.at B.in C.on D.by 答案 B 句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in，不用by，因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。,3.That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help._，hes reliable.(2016浙江卷),A.Or else B.In short C.By th
3、e way D.For one thing 答案 B 句意：那个年轻人是诚实的，合作的，总是当你需要他的时候就帮助你。总之，他是可靠的。or else 否则。in short 总之；by the way 顺便说；for one thing 一方面。 根据句意，答案为B。,4.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.(2015江苏卷),A.thanks to B.regardless of C.aside from D.but for 答案 D 句意：如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话，我们现在所
4、受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏，由于；regardless of不管，不顾；aside from除了，除以外；but for要不是，如果没有的话。,要 点 精 析,1.表示方位的at, in, on, to, beside/by和near,2.表示方位的between和among,3.表示方位的across, through, over和past,4.表示时间点的at, in和on,5.表示时间段的for和since,6.表示交通方式的by, in和on,7.表示“用”的by, in和with,8.表示“除外”的except, except for和besides,9.其他
5、常考介词的用法,(1)against的用法,(2)beyond的用法,(3)over的用法,(4)to的用法,(5)under的用法,(6)with的用法,1.介词与名词的常用搭配,(1)atn.表示状态 at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平中 at war 在战争中 at work 在工作 (2)其他以at开头的介词短语 at the beginning of 在的开始 at the cost of 以的代价 at the risk of 冒的危险 at the mercy of 在支配下,(3)onn.表示状态 on exhibition/show 在展出 on fir
6、e 着火 on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中 on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加 on holiday/vacation 在度假 on duty/guard 在值班/站岗,(4)其他以on开头的介词短语 on account of 因为 on no account/condition 决不 on behalf of 代表 (5)byn.表示方式 by accident 偶然 by air/plane 乘飞机 by chance 偶然 by coincidence 碰巧 by hand 用手工 by mistake 错误地 by the day
7、 按天算 by nature 天生地,(6)inn.表示方式 in cash 用现金付款 in width 在宽度上 in depth 在深度上 in detail 详细地 in size 在大小上 in height 在高度上 in length 在长度上 in English 用英语 (7)其他以in开头的介词短语 in need of 需要 in no case 决不 in no time 立刻 in no way 决不 in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有，占有,in addition to 另外 in response to 作为回应 in spite
8、 of 尽管 in favor of 支持，赞成 in case of 万一；如果；假如 in celebration of 为庆祝 in control of 管理；控制；操纵 in honour of 为向表示敬意 in memory of 为了纪念 in support of 为支持,in the charge of 在的管理下 in the direction of 在方向 in the face of 面对 in charge of 掌管 in return 作为回报 in exchange for 作为交换,(8)ofn.表示特征(等于相应的形容词) of benefit 有益处的
9、 of help 有帮助的 of use 有用的 of value 有价值的 of importance 重要的 of significance 有意义的,(9)out ofn.表示状态 out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 不受控制 out of date 过期 out of debt 不欠债 out of order 出故障 out of shape 走样，不成形 out of sight 看不到 out of the question 不可能 out of work 失业,(10)undern.表示被动 under
10、 attack 遭到袭击 under pressure 在压力下 under control 处于控制之中 under construction 在建造中 under discussion 在讨论中 under treatment 在治疗中,(11)withn.表示方式 with delight/joy 高兴地 with ease 轻而易举地 with pleasure 乐意地 with difficulty 困难地 with fear 害怕地,(12)beyondn.表示“超出，难以” beyond compare 无与伦比 beyond reach 够不到 beyond descripti
11、on 难以描述 beyond doubt 不用怀疑，确实地 beyond expression/words 难以表达,2.介词与形容词的常用搭配,(1)beadj.about be anxious about 忧虑 be curious about 对好奇 be particular about 对讲究/挑剔 be worried/concerned about 对担心,(2)beadj.at be angry at 因生气 be astonished at 对吃惊 be present at 出席 be disappointed at 对失望 be good at 擅长,(3)beadj.i
12、n be absorbed in 专注于 be active in 积极于 be dressed in 穿着 be rich in 富含 be interested in 对感兴趣 be involved in 包括在中，被卷入 be engaged in 忙于 be occupied in 忙于,(4)beadj.for be eager for 渴望 be fit for 适合，胜任 be ready for 准备好 be thankful for 因而感激 be anxious for 急切盼望，渴望 be prepared for 为做好准备 be famous for 以著名 be
13、hungry for 渴望 be sorry for 对感到抱歉,(5)beadj.from be absent from 缺席 be different from 不同于 be far from 远离 be free from 不受影响 (6)beadj.to be close to 接近 be contrary to 与相反 be devoted to 致力于,be equal to 等于 be familiar to 对来说熟悉 be friendly to 对友好 be good to 对有好处 be grateful to 对心存感激 be harmful to 对有危害 be ki
14、nd to 对友好 be opposed to 反对 be similar to 与相似 be/get used to (变得)习惯于,(7)beadj.of be aware of 意识到 be full of 充满 be short of 缺乏 be ashamed of 为感到羞耻 be fond of 喜欢 be proud of 因而自豪 be tired of 厌烦,(8)beadj.with be filled with 充满 be busy with 忙于 be combined with 与结合 be content with 对满意 be covered with 被覆盖
15、be familiar with 对熟悉 be patient with 对有耐心 be popular with 受的欢迎 be satisfied with 对满意,be pleased with 对感到满意 by angry with (sb) 对(某人)发怒 be concerned with 与有关；涉及，关心，关注,解 题 策 略,利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目 关于介词短语的相关题目，一般采用将介词短语置入句子，进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识，然后读懂题干的含义。 1.Starting your own business could be a wa
16、y to achieving financial independence._，it could just put you in debt.(江西卷),A.In other words B.All in all C.As a result D.On the other hand 答案 D 句意：开办自己的公司可能是一种获得经济独立的方法，另一方面，它也可能让你负债累累。on the other hand另一方面，符合题意，故选D项。in other words换句话说， all in all总之，as a result结果。,2.Tom always goes jogging in the m
17、orning and he usually does push-ups too to stay _.(江苏卷),A.in place B.in order C.in shape D.in fashion 答案 C 句意：Tom坚持早上跑步并且还常常做俯卧撑来维持体形。in place就位，到位；in order井然有序；in shape保持体形；in fashion 流行。,针 对 训 练,1.The dictionary is _：many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016天津卷),A.out
18、 of control B.out of date C.out of sight D.out of reach 答案 B 根据后半部分“many words have been added to the language since it was published”可知，这本字典过时(out of date)了。out of control失控；out of sight在视野之外；out of reach够不着。,2.Most people work because its unavoidable._，there are some people who actually enjoy work
19、.(2015浙江卷),A.As a result B.In addition C.By contrast D.In conclusion 答案 C 句意：大多数人工作是因为无法避免，_也有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据语境可知，此处表示前后对比。by contrast相比之下，符合语境。as a result结果；in addition另外，此外；in conclusion总之。,3.An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered a long lost antique Greek v
20、ase _.,A.at random B.by chance C.in turn D.on occasion 答案 B 句意：最近乘渡船去南部岛屿旅行的一位艺术家偶然发现了一个久已失传的希腊特有花瓶。A项意为“任意地，随便地”；B项意为“偶然地；意外地”；C项意为“依次；轮流地”；D项意为“有时；间或”。由句意可知B项正确。,4._ his being late again，he lost his job and had to stay at home.,A.Owe to B.As result of C.In case of D.Because of 答案 D 根据句意可知，逗号前应为原因状
21、语，故C项不对；A项应为owing to；B项应为as a result of。故只有D项正确。,5.The doctor advised her to eat more bean products _ meat which might be harmful to her heart.,A.for lack of B.by means of C.in place of D.in favour of 答案 C 句意：医生建议她多吃豆类食品来代替可能对她的心脏有害的肉类。in place of “代替，顶替”，符合句意。for lack of 缺乏，短缺；by means of 借助手段，依靠方法
22、；in favour of 支持，赞同。 ,6.The popularity of the example in his lecture was beyond his expectation, but actually he just came up with it _ during the course.,A.in case B.in return C.by nature D.by chance 答案 D 句意：他讲座中那个例子所受欢迎的程度超出了他的预期，可事实上他只是在讲座中偶然想到的。根据句意可知，应选择by chance 偶然，意外地。in case 以防万一；in return 作
23、为(对的)回报；by nature 天生地，天性。,7.The businessman you referred to just now is selfless, who does everything for others _ nothing.,A.in preference to B.in place of C.in agreement with D.in exchange for 答案 D 句意：你刚才提到的那个商人很无私，他为他人做任何事情都不求回报。in exchange for 作为的交换；in preference to优先于；in place of代替；in agreement
24、 with 同意，与一致。根据句意可知，选D项。,8.Air quality in Beijing was rated as poor _ more than 5 million cars in the capital.,A.except for B.regardless of C.due to D.in spite of 答案 C 句意：北京的空气质量之所以列入差的行列是因为首都有五百万辆汽车。except for 除了；regardless of 不管，不顾；due to 因为，由于；in spite of 虽然，尽管。根据句意选C项。,9.I went along thinking no
25、thing _，just looking at things around me.,A.in brief B.in doubt C.in particular D.in harmony 答案 C 句意：我一直走着，没特别想些什么，只是看看周围的东西。in brief简单扼要地；in doubt 怀疑地；in harmony 和谐地；in particular特别，尤其。根据句意可知选C。,10.Many plants could move northward and toward the Pacific coast _ rising temperatures and changes in ra
26、infall.,A.with regard to B.in defense of C.by means of D.in reaction to 答案 D 句意：许多植物可能北移到太平洋沿岸以应对温度的上升和降水量的变化。in reaction to “对的反应”，符合句意。A项意为“关于，就而论”；B项意为“防御”；C项意为“借助某事物，以方法”。,11._ electronic mail, today you can send a letter halfway around the world in seconds simply by pressing a button.,A.Thanks
27、to B.Apart from C.Regardless of D.According to 答案 A 句意：幸亏有了电子邮件，现在你只要按一下按钮就能在几秒内把一封信寄出半个世界了。根据句意可知应选A项。apart from 除以外；regardless of 不管，不论；according to 依据，根据。,12.Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always _ whenever she tries to.,A.in the way B.on watch C.in sight D.on the line 答案 A 句意：Mrs.Smith发现很难清理混乱局面，因为当她尽力清理时她的孩子总是妨碍她。in the way妨碍；on watch值班，监视；in sight在视力范围内，在即；on the line处于危险中，(对方)在接电话。,
