1、1选修 7U20李仕才一、阅读理解AOld FossilsScientists have found what they think is probably the oldest fossil on Earth, a remnant of life from 3.7 billion years ago when Earths skies were orange and its oceans green.In a newly melted part of Greenland, Australian scientists found the leftover structure from a co
2、mmunity of microbes（微生物）that lived on an ancient seafloor. Based on their analysis of the fossils, the researchers determined that they are 220 million years older than those discovered in Western Australia, which were 3.48 billion years old.The discovery shows life may have formed quicker and more
3、easily than once thought, about half a billion years after Earth formed. And that may also give hope for life forming elsewhere, such as Mars, said study co-author Martin VanKranendonk of the University of New South Wales and director of the Australian Center for Astrobiology. It gives us an idea ho
4、w our planet evolved and how life gained a foothold, VanKranendonk said.Scientists had thought it would take at least half a billion years for life to form after the molten Earth started to cool a bit, but this shows it could have happened quicker, he said. Thats because the newly found fossil is fa
5、r too complex to have developed soon after the planets first life forms, he said.In an outcrop of rocks that used to be covered with ice and snow which melted after an exceptionally warm spring, the Australian team found stromatolites（叠层石）, which are layered structures that are often produced by a c
6、ommunity of microbes. The stromatolites were about 1 to 4 centimeters high. It is like the house left behind made by the microbes, VanKranendonk said. Scientists used the layers of ash from volcanoes and tiny zircon（ 锆石） with uranium and estimated that they date back to 3.7 billion years ago.2The da
7、ting seems about right, said Abigail Allwood, a NASA astrobiologist who found the previous oldest fossil, from 3.48 billion years ago, in Australia. But Allwood said she is not completely convinced that what VanKranendonks team found once was alive. She said the evidence wasnt conclusive enough that
8、 it was life and not a geologic quirk（ 地质巧合） . It would be nice to have more evidence, but in these rocks thats a lot to ask, Allwood said in an email.1. The underlined words gained a foothold in Paragraph 3 mean_.A.continued B.changedC.increased D.Started2. We can learn from Paragraph 4_.A.the foss
9、il appeared soon after the birth of the earthB.the fossil formed soon after the earths first lifeC.life formed earlier than the newly found fossilD.life appeared about half a billion years ago3. What is Abigail Allwoods attitude towards the newly found fossil?A.Neutral. B.Sceptical.C.Objective. D.Su
10、pportive.4. According to the passage, _.A.the previous fossils are a geologic quirkB. the previous fossils are made up of stromatolitesC. the newly found fossils come from Western AustraliaD. the newly found fossils have a history of 3.7 billion years【语篇解析】文章介绍科学家发现距今 37亿年前的化石。1. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段的
11、句子It gives us an idea how our planet evolved这让我们了解 星球是怎么形成的，下文是生命是怎么开始的。可知，gained a foothold 意为开始。故选 D。3. B【解析】 观 点 态 度 题 。 根 据 文 章 最 后 一 段 的 句 子 She said the evidence wasnt conclusive enough that it was life and not a geologic quirk(地 质 巧 合 ). 可 知 ，3Abigail Allwood 对 于 新 发 现 的 化 石 态 度 是 怀 疑 的 。 故 选
12、 B。4. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子remnant of life from 3.7 billion years ago和第二段的句 子the researchers determined that they are 220 million years older than those discovered in Western Australia, which were 3.48 billion years old.可知，新发现的化石有 37亿年历史。故选 D。B(2017江西重点中学盟校高三模拟)Watch the countryside fly by as you tr
13、avel by superfast Eurostar from London or Kent, through the Channel Tunnel and direct to the Heart of the Magic.Once there, enjoy this extraordinary world of fun, laughter, and magic.Day OneBoard the direct Eurostar service to Disneyland Paris.When you arrive, a free shuttle bus will take you to you
14、r hotel to check in. Once youve settled, why not head to Disney Villagethe resorts lively entertainment centre? This evening, dine in the hotel or in one of the restaurants in Disney Village, and look forward to the days ahead.Day TwoEnjoy a fantastic full day at Disneyland Paris, and take advantage
15、 of your Extra Magic Hours as specific areas of Disneyland Park open up to two hours earlier for Disney Resort Hotel guests.At the end of a wonderful day, head back to your hotel or into Disney Village.Day ThreeReturn to the Disney Parks for another day of thrills.Your special Hopper Ticket gives yo
16、u unlimited admission to both Disneyland Park and Walt Disney Studios Park during opening hours, and you can plan your visit using the Park Timetables and Fastpass system to shorten your wait at popular rides.Day FourCheck out of your hotel this morning, and use the hotels left luggage facility to m
17、ake the most of your last day at Disneyland Paris.Your Eurostar departs this evening, so youll have plenty of time to make the most of the magic of Disney Village before beginning your journey home.【解题导语】 本文是一篇广告。乘坐欧洲之星列车去巴黎迪士尼乐园吧！巴黎迪士尼乐园充满欢笑与神秘。文中介绍了巴黎迪士尼乐园之游的日程安排。41How do travelers go to Disneylan
18、d Paris?ABy air. BBy ship.CBy train. DBy coach.C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Watch the countryside fly by as you travel by superfast Eurostar from London or Kent，through the Channel Tunnel”可推知，游客乘坐火车去巴黎迪士尼乐园。2What are travelers advised to do after checking in at their hotel?AGo to Disney Village.BDine in the h
19、otel.CPrepare for the days ahead.DHave a good rest.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Once youve settled，why not head to Disney Villagethe resorts lively entertainment centre？”可知，对游客的建议是在酒店登记入住后去娱乐中心 Disney Village。3What can be used to save time in Disneyland Paris?AExtra Magic Hours.BThe Hopper Ticket.CThe Eurosta
20、r Ticket.DThe Park Timetables and Fastpass system.D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“you can plan your visit using the Park Timetables and Fastpass system to shorten your wait at popular rides”可知，游客可利用 Park Timetables and Fastpass system节约时间。CDoctors in hospital emergency rooms often see accidental poisonings. A fr
21、ightened parent arrives with a child who swallowed a cleaning liquid. Or perhaps the harmful substance is a medicine. Or it might be a chemical product meant to kill insects. These are common causes of accidental poisoning.In cases like this, seek medical help as soon as possible. Save the container
22、 of whatever caused the poisoning. And look on the container for information about anything that stops the effects of the poison. Save anything expelled from the mouth of the victim. That way, doctors can examine it.Millions of people know a way to save a person who is choking on something 5trapped
23、in the throat. The method is commonly known as the Heimlich Maneuver or abdominal thrusts(腹部按压), which you can do by getting directly behind a sitting or standing person. Put your arms around the victims waist. Close one hand to form a ball. Place it over the upper part of the stomach, below the rib
24、s. Place the other hand on top. Then push forcefully inward and upward. Repeat the abdominal thrusts until the object is expelled from the mouth. For someone who is pregnant or very fat, place your hands a little higher than with normal abdominal thrusts.Red Cross experts say taking these steps can
25、save many lives. But they also warn that abdominal thrusts are not for people who have almost drowned. They say use of the method could delay other ways to re-start breathing in the victim. Abdominal thrusts should be used only in cases where a near-drowning victim is choking on an object.To learn m
26、ore about first aid, ask a hospital or organization like a Red Cross or Red Crescent Society for information. There may be training classes offered in your area.1. According to the first paragraph, which of the following is NOT the common cause of accidental poisonings?A. A harmful medicineB. A clea
27、ning liquidC. Poisonous insectsD. Dangerous pesticide(杀虫剂)2. The underlined word “expelled” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by “_ ”.A. coming out B. taking upC. going away D. getting down3. Why abdominal thrusts are not for people who have almost drowned?A. Because people are unwilling to attempt res
28、cue effortsB. Because it is hard to performC. Because it is no need to do so6D. Because it could hold up other ways to re-start breathing in the victim4. What is the authors purpose in writing this text?A. To promote medical researchB. To share some knowledge about first aidC. To show how to perform
29、 abdominal thrustsC.To help people deal with accidental poisoning【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了意外中毒的主要原因及急救方法。1.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的介绍可知，有害的药物、清洁剂及杀虫剂都是意外中毒的主要原因， 而没有提到有毒的昆虫。3.D【 解 析 】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 倒 数 第 二 段 中 的 “They say use of the method could delay other ways to re-start breathing in the victim. ”可 知 ， 腹 部
30、 按 压 不 适合 溺 水 者 是 因 为 它 会 延 迟 受 害 者 以 其 他 的 方 式 重 新 开 始 呼 吸 。4. B 【 解 析 】 文 章 意 图 题 。 根 据 最 后 一 段 中 的 “To learn more about first aid, ask a hospital or organization like a Red Cross or Red Crescent Society for information.”可 知 ， 这 篇 文 章 的 目 的 是促 进 关 于 急 救 常 识 的 医 学 研 究 。D(2017合肥第一次质量检测)Beer seldom l
31、asts long, and sometimes there is can or bottle leftover after a party.When this occurs, the leftover can be used in a variety of ways, many of which most people would never think of.Beer is a surprisingly good wood furniture polish.Let a can of beer go completely stale(不新鲜) and pour a little onto a
32、 soft cloth.Polish your furniture with the cloth and follow up with a dry cloth.You will be amazed at how shiny your furniture will end up looking.The slug(蛞蝓虫) is a terrible pest in the garden, particularly if you are growing plants for eating.Instead of using chemicals on your vegetables, bury a s
33、mall cup in the garden and pour fresh beer in it.The slugs will be attracted to the smell, get drunk and drown.Be sure to refresh the beer daily, and you 7would have a cup full of slugs and healthylooking cabbages.Bees are also attracted by the smell of beer, so try putting a few open beer cans arou
34、nd the yard at your BBQ and you can enjoy BBQ in a naturelike garden.Obviously you should put the cans away from where people will be sitting or standing, and make sure that no one decides to drink from one of the cans when they are drunkit will result in a very unpleasant situation.Beer is also an
35、excellent skin conditioner.If you want to have a long bath, pour a good can of dark beer into the water in advance.This is a nice substitute to salt which softens water.Also if you have a stomach upset, slowly drinking a can of beer can help to settle it down.The alcohol in the beer can help to ease
36、 the pain.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。啤酒易变质，不能长时间存放。其实变质的啤酒也有很多用途，但这往往容易被人们忽视。本文列举了啤酒的几种妙用。1From the first paragraph we know that _Abeer can have a long quality guarantee periodBpeople often make leftover when drinking beerCmost people ignore the use of the beer leftoverDbeer cans or bottles can be recycled in
37、many waysC 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，大部分人都忽略了喝剩的啤酒的用途。故选 C。2Taking the example of the two insects, the author tries to tell us _Asome insects prefer the smell of fresh beerBthe beer in open cans can be more attractive to insectsCslugs and bees can be harmful to picnickersDpouring some beer on plants can
38、drive insects awayA 解析：写作意图题。作者以这两种昆虫为例是为了告诉读者，啤酒的味道能吸引某些昆虫。故选 A。3The author believes that dark beer can _Ahelp soften waterBbe used to replace saltCprevent stomachache happeningDease the pain after drinking alcoholA 解析：细节理解题。文中 This is a nice substitute to salt which softens 8water.句中的“This”指代前面出现的
39、名词“dark beer” ；由此可知，黑啤酒能使水软化。故选 A。4What does the passage mainly tell us?APolish your furniture with beer.BImprove your garden with beer.CTry to drink beer in a healthy way.DLearn to make the most of beer.D 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了啤酒的几种用途，旨在告诉我们不要将变质的啤酒白白倒掉，要学会充分利用它们。故选 D。二、七选五More and more people are workin
40、g remotely.Here are some tips to keep in mind to stay focused on your work when working at home：Set and keep regular office hours._1_ Then try your best to leave work at the “office” and turn your phone on silent and enjoy the rest of your day.Give yourself some time to recharge so you can be as pro
41、ductive as possible.Plan and structure your workdays.Structure your workdays to maximize(使最大化)efficiency.Take advantage of your bodys natural rhythms._2_ If you know you focus best in the morning，resist the temptation to check email until 10 am.or later.Set aside a designated(指定的)work area.Try to wo
42、rk at the same spot every day._3_ And make it a place you enjoy going to each day，an area where you can focus and do your best work.Take breaks.Schedule time for frequent breaks throughout the day.Rise from your desk，stretch or walk around the house or down the street._4_ If you need social activiti
43、es，go out to lunch with friends or clients.Avoid distractions(使人分心的事)One challenge of working at home is distraction.With no colleagues or partners nearby，its easy to become distracted.Stay focused on work throughout the day to maintain consistent productivity._5_AIt could be a spare bedroom that yo
44、uve turned into a home office.BPlan your work around your most productive hours.9CDo your best to set work hours and stick to them.DTake a lunch break and enjoy a midday meal.EIt is more comfortable to stay at home.FSome interruptions cant be avoided.GAvoid online distractions as well.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了五
45、种在家工作时如何保持注意力集中的方法。1C 根据本段的小标题“Set and keep regular office hours”可知，此处与工作时间的设定有关，所以选 C项。2B 根据本段的小标题“Plan and structure your workdays”可推知，此处与工作计划有关，并与本段第一句“Structure your workdays to maximize(使最大化)efficiency”呼应，所以选 B项。3A 根据本段小标题“Set aside a designated(指定的)work area”可知，此处表示家庭办公区的设定和安排，所以选 A项。4D 根据本段第一句“Schedule time for frequent breaks throughout the day”并结合小标题“Take breaks”可推知，工作期间适当休息一下有助于集中注意力，所以选 D项。5G 根据本段小标题“Avoid distractions(使人分心的事)”可推知，网上使人分心的内容也是集中注意力所需要避免的，所以选 G项。
