1、小学英语语法总复习,主要词类: 名词 动词 形容词 副词 数词 代词 介词 连词 冠词,名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词表示可以具体存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式,其单数形式与不定冠词a/an连用。如:a book, an apple. 不可数名词表示不能个别存在的事物,如液体类,气体类的物质;少数固体类的物质 (grass草,ice冰),抽象的名词(help帮助,music音乐)。不可数名词没有复数(如some water),不能与不定冠词连用。如:a water, a music都是错误的。,1一般情况下,直接加-s, 如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-c
2、ats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes 3以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives leafleaves 5. 以“o”结尾,有生命的加es,无生命的加s.如:tomatotomatoes, heroheroes,photophotos, pianopianos, zoozoos,可数名词变复数规则,5不规则名词复数
3、:child-children mouse-miceman-men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geesefish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deerpeople-people Chinese-ChineseJapanese-Japanese,写出下列各词的复数 I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ you _ peach_
4、sandwich _man_ woman_,形容词和副词 形容词是用来修饰名词或代词的,副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构。 如:Mike is a tall boy, he sings well. 形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 It was sunny yesterday. It rained heavily today.,形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习 一、形容词的比较级 1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用 mu
5、ch, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用宾格)。 He is much taller than me.,2.形容词加er的规则: 一般在词尾加er ; 以字母e 结尾,加r ; 以元音字母和辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ; 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 不规则形容词比较级:good/well-better, many/much-morefar-farther beautiful-more beautiful 。,写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ ligh
6、t_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_,表示两者比较一样 I am as heavy as Mike. He can sing as well as Zhou Jielun。 asas 和一样 as与as之间用形容词或副词的原级。,一般现在时基本用法介绍 一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如:The e
7、arth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。,一般现在时,一般现在时的构成 1. be动词:主语 be (am, is, are) 其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词:主语 行为动词( 其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词 后加“-s”或“-es” 如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。,一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句:主语 be not 其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be 主语 其它。如:
8、-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词 一般疑问句。 如:Where is my bike?,讲义共享,2.行为动词的变化。 否定句:主语 dont( doesnt ) 动词原形( 其它)。如: I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数,用doesnt构成否定句如:He doesnt often play.一般疑问句:Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数,要用does构
9、成一般疑问句 如 -Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.,动词 s的变化规则 1一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“辅音字母 y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如study-studies,一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_
10、carry _ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.,4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 7. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 8
11、. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.,三、按照要求改写句子 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) _ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答) _ 4. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句) _,改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does
12、he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _,现在进行时,1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be 动词ing.3、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5、现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词+be动词+主语+doing+其它?
13、但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词+be动词+doing+其它?,动词加ing的变化规则 1一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing, 如:make-making, taste-tasting3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing 如:run-running, stop-stopping,现在进行时专项练习: 一、写出下列动词的现在分词: run_ swim _make_ begin_ go_ like_ write_ shop _have _sing _dance _put_see_ love_ live_ take
14、_come _ get _stop_ sit _,用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1.The boy _( draw) a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _( sing) in the classroom . 3. My mother _( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .,句型转换: 1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句) _ _2The stu
15、dents are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _,一般将来时,一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及 打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day (week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本结构:be going to do;will do.,一般将来时,否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。 例如:Im going to have a picnic thi
16、s afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。 例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend,五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1、问人。Who 例如:Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.
17、 2、问干什么。What do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3、问什么时候。When.例如:Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed? 六、同义句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomo
18、rrow.,练习:填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮 What _ _ _ _ _next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.,3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time
19、_ you _ _ meet?,用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 2. My brother _(go) to Shanghai next week. 3.Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.,用所给词的适当形式填空。 4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(
20、catch) insects? 5.Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.,一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或 存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am 和is在一般过去时中变为was(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。 (were not=werent)3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句:didnt 动词原形,如:Jim did
21、nt go home yesterday.,动词过去式变化规则: 1一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:work- -worked , 2结尾是e加d,如:live-lived 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加- ed 如:stop-stopped4以“辅音字母 y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied,5不规则动词过去式: am、 is-was, are-were, do-did see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate
22、take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat,用动词的适当形式填空 It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday. We all _ (have) a good time last night. 3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.,用动词的适当形式填空 5. She l
23、ikes _ newspapers, but she _a book yesterday. (read)6. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.7. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.,形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习 一、形容词的比较级 1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用 more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。,形容词加er的规则: 一般在词尾加er ; 以字母e 结尾,加r
24、 ; 以元音字母和辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ; 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 不规则形容词比较级:good-better, beautiful-more beautiful 。,二、副词的比较级 1形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better,far-farther,写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_
25、heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_,根据句意填入单词的正确形式: 1. My brother is two years _(old) than me. 2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes, she is. 4. Who is _(thin), you or Helen? Helen is.,5._Nancy sing _(well) than Helen?Yes,
26、 she _. 6.Fangfang is not as _(tall) as the other girls. 7.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she). 8.Who gets up _(early), Tim or Tom? 9._the girls get up _(early) than the boys? No, they_.,翻译句子: 1、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。 _ is _than Jim? _ are 2.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like _. All my_ _ _than me. 3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。
27、 _pencil is _,_or_?_is, I think.,翻译句子: 4.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。 My_ _ _than my _.5.多做运动,你会更强壮。 _ more exercise, youll _ _soon.,There be 句型与have, has的区别 1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某人/物 2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。,There be 句型与have, has的区别 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加 no
28、t , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。 4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be表示在某地有某人/物;have(has)表示某人拥有某物。,5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用some 用于肯定 ,any用于否定句或疑问句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑问句。,7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构
29、是: Whats + 介词短语,Fill in the blank with “have, has”or “there is , there are” I _ a good father and a good mother. 2. _a telescope on the desk. 3. He_ a tape-recorder. 4. _a basketball in the playground. 5. She_ some dresses.,人称代词和物主代词 1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than 之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。 2、物主代词
30、形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。,人称代词和物主代词主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性I me my mineyou you your yourshe him his hisshe her her hersit it its itswe us our oursthey them their theirs,用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. That is not _kite. That kite is very small,but _is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _( she )
31、3. _is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look!Those stamps are_ ( he ) 4. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you ) 5. Show _ your kite, OK? (they),用am,is,are填空。 1. That _ my red skirt. 2. Who _ I? 3.The jeans _ on the desk. 4. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 5. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 6. The two cups of milk _ for me. 7. Some tea _ in the glass.,