1、IELTS WRITING,小作文-曲线图,Task I Line chart,IELTS WRITING,评分标准 （1）任务完成情况：趋势描写，数据支持，不要画蛇添足 （2）关联词大量而准确地使用（连贯） （3）词汇 （4）句子结构,TASK I,把图表中主要信息转化为文字信息，并且组织成文章。 曲线有何规律特征？ 根据曲线特征，其大致可以分成几大段以便写作描述？ 峰值、谷值各自多少？对应的月份又是什么？ 曲线变动过程中有无出现平稳？,IELTS WRITING,TASK I,Number of full-time teachers of regular schools(in millio
2、ns) in China (1960-1990).,TASK I,首段 首句,graph - figure, line graphShow - indicate, unfold, display, reveal, reflect, relate, illustrate, provide an overview of,首段常用句型:1.The table/chart/diagram/graph shows (that).2.The figures/statistics show (that).3.The diagram shows/ describes/ illustrates how.4.Ac
3、cording to/As (is) shown in the/As can be seen from the table/chart, diagram, graph, figures 5.It can be seen/observed from the/ we can see from the6.It is clear/ apparent from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures (that).,首段 首句,The above figure indicates the amount of full-time teachers of regular
4、schools in China between 1960 and 1990.,首段 首句,请写出本图的第一句话：This graph shows the number of full-time teachers of regular schools in China during 3 decades from 1960 to 1990.,首段 首句,首段 二句,Number of full-time teachers of regular schools(in millions) in China (1960-1990).,首段 二句,连接词：1. According to the figu
5、re,2. It is clear that, It can be (clearly) seen that, 3. Fromit can be (safely) concluded that4. One of the most surprising/interesting finds was5. Compare with,如何表达总体趋势,a). The overall trend/general trend (主语) +indicates +从句b). The overall trend/general trend(主语) + indicates + N.c). There be + an
6、overall +某种趋势,It can be seen that there was an increasing trend from 1960 to 1990. However, there were some fluctuations in earlier years.,首段 二句,首段 二句,It can be seen that there was an increasing trend from 1960 to 1990. However, there were some fluctuations in earlier years.According to the figure,
7、although there were some fluctuations in earlier years, there exists indeed an increasing trend. The overall trend was to indicate the increasingly growing number, although there exists some fluctuations in the earlier years.,时态：首句一般现在时，其他一般过去时。*如果图表是对将来情况的预测，全部用一般现在时。,首段 二句,主体段,Number of full-time
8、teachers of regular schools(in millions) in China (1960-1990).,五种描述趋势的句式,a) There be 句型: “变化名词” 作主语 + IN + 被描述对象e.g. There was an increase/decrease in the number of b) “描述对象” 做主语e.g. There were increasingly more teachers. c) 纵坐标作主语(一般为被描述对象) + 变化+其他e.g. The number (percentage) of went up (went down)
9、 d) 横坐标作主语(一般为时间) + “经历” + “变化”+ IN 被描述对象 + 地点*表示经历: saw/ witnessed/experiencede) 地点作主语 + “经历” + “变化”+ IN 被描述对象 + 时间,连接手段,Then/ from this time onwards/ from then on There was a rise. Then the number went down.2. After/ before There was a rise, before the number went down.After a rise, there was a de
10、crease, before the number remained stable.3. which was followed by/which led to/which preceded an increase/decreaseThere was a rise, which was followed by a decrease.,4. 上一句最后时间词，when.There was a rise in the number of teachers from_in_to_in_,when the number went down.5. Again（第二次以后的上升/下降）There was a
11、 rise. Again, the number went down.6. However.then.（上升和下降之间）There was a rise. However, the number then went down.其他关联词：类比、对比、句子衔接However/ compare to/ in contrast/ / similarly/ conversely/ / whileSimilarly/likewiseAs to/ in term of / as for,连接手段,数据的表达方式,From 数据 in 年份 to 数据 in 年份 Peak at 数据 bottom at
12、数据 There were 数据 Decrease to 数据 / increase up to about 数据 趋势 with 数据 Which was about 数据,主体段,Number of full-time teachers of regular schools(in millions) in China (1960-1990).,主体段,分项描写信息： According to the figure, there was a sharp decrease in the number of teachers from five millions in 1960 to three
13、 millions in 1962, which was followed by a rapid increase over the next two years. The number dropped again from almost six millions in 1964 to five million in 1966 and then went up gradually until 1976 when there was a leveling off at eight millions for the next ten years. The years from 1986 to 19
14、90 saw a steady rise in the number of teachers.,不要进行主观描述 不要分析原因 不要找本质 重述总体特征 In conclusion, more teachers were in Chinese regular schools in the 1990s than 30 years before.,末段,Complete Example,This graph shows the number of full-time teachers of regular schools in China between 1960 and 1990. It can
15、 be seen that there was an increasing trend from 1960 to 1990. However, there were some fluctuations in earlier years.According to the figure, there was a sharp decrease in the number of teachers from five million in 1960 to three million in 1962, which was followed by a rapid increase over the next
16、 two years. The number dropped again from almost six million in 1964 to five million in 1966 and then went up gradually until 1976 when there was a leveling off at eight million for the next ten years. The years from 1986 to 1990 saw a steady rise in the number of teachers.In conclusion, more teache
17、rs were in Chinese regular schools in the 1990s than 30 years before.,说明趋势：trend, momentum.2. 描述增加、波动、减少和反转：gain, pick up, increase, rise, surge, jump, go up, decrease, fall, drop, decline, slow down；level off at /level out at; maintain, fluctuate, fluctuation, reverse,TASK I,描述变化程度： dramatically, s
18、uddenly, significantly, sharply, steeply, rapidly, moderately, gradually, steadily, slightly, slowly, 表示高、底：peak at/of peaking at ; reach the bottom/ botttom out at 5. 表示数据一般：have 10%; at 10%;over 10%最高（低）点：peaked; reached a peak/high(point)bottomed out; reached the bottom,TASK I,6. 表示程度：almost adv.
19、 几乎，差不 / nearly adv. 几乎，密切地approximately adv. 近似的，大约about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围just over 刚超过/ over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾exactly adv. 正确地，严密地precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地表示范围：fromto betweenand for to 多长时间直到8. 比例：20 per cent 20% one in three 1/3one out of every four 1/4,TASK I,Time,This 1 2 shows the 3 in the nu
20、mber of people at London Underground station over the course of a day.The busiest time of the day comes in the morning. There is a 4 5 between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 oclock. After this number 6 to less than 200 at 10 oclock. Between 11:00 and 14:00 the number 7 8 to
21、exactly 300 people using the station.,Time,From 2 pm onwards, the numbers 9 , with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a 10 11 to a peak at 380 at 6pm. After 7 pm, the numbers 12 13 with only a 14 increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.Overall, the graph shows that the stat
22、ion is most crowded in the early morning when most people are travelling to work and early evening periods when everyone is coming home.,The line graph shows estimated sales of gold in Dubai for 12 months in 2002 in millions of dirhams. There were two main seasons for gold sales.The main season for
23、sales is in the December to May period. Sales were consistently above 200 million dirhams per month, rising sharply to a peak of 350 million dirhams in March. However, for the next four months, sales declined steadily, reaching an annual low of 120 million dirhams in July.,In August, there was a sud
24、den increase. Sales almost doubled, rising from 120 million dirhams in July to 210 million dirhams in August. This was followed by a drop in September, back to the July figure.From September to October, sales recovered, from 120 to 180 million. In October and November, sales remained steady, and the
25、re was a small increase in December to 190 million dirhams.,In conclusion, the main sales period is in the early part of the year, slumping in the summer, except for a sudden increase in August.,IELTS WRITING,双曲线写法：,首段 与写一条曲线方法相同 中间段落 分别描写两条曲线 末段 写两条曲线的共同点和不同点,The graph below shows radio and televis
26、ion audiences throughout the day in 1992. Radio and television audiences in the UK, October-December 1992.,两条曲线,The graph shows the percentage of audiences over 4 years old of UK follows the radio and television throughout the day during the period October-December 1992.(第一句),TASK I,From the graph,
27、we can see clearly that in the early morning, at 6 am, few people watch TV. However, from this time onwards, the number of TV audience is on the rise. At noon, the people watching TV account for about 8% of the total population. In the period between 12:00 and 2:00 p.m., the TV audience experiences
28、a sharp increase from 8% to approximately 18%.,TASK I,From 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m., the figure remains constant at about 18%, then balloons to the peak of the day, reaching approximately 50%. The number of TV audiences drops dramatically from 10 p.m. till it reaches its bottom at 3 p.m.,TASK I,On the
29、 other hand, there is a sharp increase in radio audience from 6.a.m to 9 a.m., peaking at about 28% at 8:30 a.m. However, from this point onwards, it declines gradually for the rest of the day, bottoming out at 4:00 a.m. the next day.,TASK I,In brief, the number of TV and radio audiences varies acco
30、rding to different phases of time probably due to the different features of these two media.,TASK I,The graph below compares the number of visits to two new music sites on the web,The graph illustrates people using new music places on the Internet in fifteen days period of time. The overall trend sh
31、ows fluctuation with slight increase towards the end of the period.,From the graph, we can see clearly that 40,000 people go onto Music Choice website on first-day, and half of them back out the next day. While on the third day, the Music Choice lovers number are nearly three times of that on the se
32、cond. In Contrast, Pop Parade website is visited by 120,000 music lovers on the first day, and the number decreases slightly on next day thereafter regaining the same on the 3rd day.,After 3rd day the enthusiasm for both music lines on Internet drops slowly- reaching maximum fall of 20,000 on 7th da
33、y. Whereas Music choice gains popularity, slightly improving to get the strength of 30,000 viewers, but is getting still less visitors than its opponent Pop group(40,000) on day 7.,Since the beginning of next week, both music lines have gained remarkable recovery after a few fluctuations. With 50,00
34、0 visitors on the 8th day, the pop Parade lovers reach the peaks of one and a half thousand new viewers on 11th day. However, the number of Music Choice lovers arrives at nearly the bottom on the same day with 20,000 visitors. And after that, Music Choice gains an rapidly-increasing popularity on 12
35、th day with 120,000 new web visitors.,During the end of the period, the number of Pop site viewers has a considerable increase, coming to the top of 180,000 on the 14th day, whereas the number of Music Choice visitors is decreasing generally, with less than 80,000 explorers on the last.,In brief, by
36、 comparing the number of visits to two new music sites on the web, this graph shows individuals personal choices for the trendy pop music.,图表开头5分表达,The chart depicts （that）该图呈现出 The chart shows （that） The figures/statistics show （that） The diagram reveals The chart illustrates （that）,图表开头6分表达,The gr
37、aph provides some interesting data regarding该图为我们提供了有关有趣数据 The graph describes the trend of 这个图描述了的趋势 As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the chart/diagram/chart/table如图所示 According to the chart 根据这些表格 As is shown in the table如图所示,图表开头6分表达,This table shows the changing proportion of A and B from t
38、o 该表格描述了年到年之间A与B的比例关系。 This graph, presented in the chart，shows the general trend in该图呈现了总的趋势。 As can be seen from the graph， the two graphs show the fluctuation of如图所示，两条曲线描述了的波动情况。,高分表达：,From the table/chart/diagram/figure， we can see clearly that从图表中我们可以很清楚的看到 The chart shows the changes in the n
39、umber of over the period fromto该表格描述了在年到年之间数量的变化。,双曲线写法：,首段 与写一条曲线方法相同 中间段落 分别描写两条曲线 末段 写两条曲线的共同点和不同点,The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, an
40、d make comparisons where relevant.,方法1 出现“提供信息”的字眼：The chart (or graph) provides /presents information(or data)about 方法2 出现“show/illustrate + n”:The chart shows the changes in 方法3 出现“compare+ n”: The chart compares,图标作文怎样改写首段?,方法1 出现“提供信息”的字眼：The chart (or graph) provides /presents information(or da
41、ta)about 方法2 出现“show/illustrate + n”:The chart shows the changes in 方法3 出现“compare+ n”: The chart compares,图标作文怎样改写首段?,方法4 出现以“how”引导宾语从句：The chart (or graph) shows /illustrates howchanged(or varied) 方法5 出现以“that”引导宾语从句，可能将总体趋势粗略描 述一下: The chart (or graph) shows /reveals/indicates/suggests that,图标作文
42、怎样改写首段?,The three curves given in the line graph show us the percentage of the aged people 65 and above in Japan, Sweden and USA from 1940 to 2040.,首段,The line graph shows the proportion of people in Japan, Sweden, and USA aged 65 and over from 1940 and the expected proportions up to 2040.,首段,方法1分段描
43、述，以不同时间为段, 对比三条曲线 方法2找相似的2条图为一组描述，其余的单独描述 方法3分别描述三条图,三线图主体部分的写法,正文段：方法一,In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at only 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the US. However, while the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan
44、 dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period, before rising to almost 5% again at the present time.,In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries. A more dramatic rise is pred
45、icted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which time it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries,正文段：方法一,正文段：方法二 Sweden& USA,From 1940 to 1990, the proportions of people aged 65+ in the USA and Sweden were similar and followed the same trend. In 1940 the
46、 figures were 9% and 7% respectively, rising to 15% and 14% respectively in 1980, before dipping to 14% and 13% respectively in 1990. Thereafter, Americans proportion leveled out and is forecasted to remain at 14% until 2020, after which it is expected to 23% in 2040.,正文段：方法二,However, Swedens propor
47、tion of people aged 65 began to rise after 1990. This increase is forecasted to continue until 2010 when the proportion is estimated to be 20%. Then, there is expected to be a slight drop to 18% in 2030, followed by a steep climb to 25% in 2040,正文段：方法二 Japan,The situation in Japan differs considerab
48、ly, with a fall in the percentage of people aged 65 between 1940(5%) and 1960(3%).The percentage remained steady until 1985, then it bagan to climb. The rise is projected to continue until around 2030, when the proportion is forecasted to rise dramatically to 25%, with a less dramatic rise to 27% in
49、 2040,In brief, the overall trend is a rise in the proportion of people aged 65 in the three countries between 1940 and 2040.,结尾段,同义替换,show=indicate/ reveal/demonstrate/describe/ illustrate be excepted to= be predicted/ supposed/ forecast/ estimated/ projected the number=figure /percentage /proportion /data,The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004.,
