1、Welcome to our class,状语从句,1. 时间状语从句,2. 地点状语从句,3. 原因状语从句,4. 条件状语从句,5. 让步状语从句,6. 目的状语从句,7. 结果状语从句,8. 方式状语从句,9. 比较状语从句,1.状语定义: 合句中由从句担任状语，称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语、定语或状语，或是整个句子 2. 当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就是状语从 句。分类如下：,什么是状语？,时间,地点,条件,让步,原因,目的,结果,比较,方式,状语从句,一. 时间状语从句,1.注意时态一致. 一般情况下: 主句 是将来时的时候,从句 用一般现在时1.表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动
2、作同时发生或几乎同时发生。,1.时间状语从句,引导词可分为两部分,aswhilewhenwheneverbeforeafteruntil (till)sinceas soon as,every time next time the first/time the moment the minute/ instantly immediately directly (一就),as引导的时间状语从句, 可以表达“正当”， “一 边一边”，“随着”等意思。,1. 表示某事一发生，另一事立即发生。As the sun rose, the fog disappeared.,2. 表示在某事发生的过程中，另一
3、事发生。Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion.,3. 表示两个动作同时发生。Helen sang a song as she washed.,4. 表示“随着”.常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果。 As she grew older, she became more beautiful.,1. as, while , when的区别,while:持续性动词 进行时,1.一般或现在情况2.将来情况V一般现在时或现在进行时3.过去情况,e.g. I like listening to music while I am doing my
4、homework.,e.g. Im going to the post office.- While you are there, can you get some stamps for me?,e.g. I hurt my should while I was doing gym.,When: 1.当的时候 When I was young, I went to town myself. When he receives the letter, hell tell us.,before引导的时间状语从句,1. 常译为“在之前”， 2.表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。,1.We clean
5、 the classroom before we leave school every day.,2.It will not be long before you regret for what youve done.,after引导的时间状语从句,1.常译为“在之后”， 2.表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。,1.After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about.用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。,The Amrican War lasted four years _ the North won in the end. A. Af
6、ter B. before C. when D. then,B,since引导的时间状语从句,1.常译为“自从”， 2.主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。,1.我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。,We havent seen each other since we parted.,常用句型：It has been (is) + 时间段 + since从句“自从有多长时间了 ”,2.自从她大学毕业已经有六年时间了。,It has been (is) six years since she graduated from the university.,before,after,since,He
7、had left the town the day _ she arrived. It was not long _ he left his hometown. I played football _ I (had) finished my homework Please tell her Ill come _ I do some shopping. It will not be long _ we meat each other again. It _ (be) two years since we _ (begin) to use this machine.,before,after,be
8、fore,before,after,is/ has been,began,until/ till引导的时间状语从句,1.常译为“直到时”， 2.表示主句动作发生在从句之前。,当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式。,1：我会待在这里，直到你回来。,Ill stay here until you come back.,当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时, 主句常用否定形式。not until“直到才”，这时until 可用before替换。,He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.,2.他直到做完作业才睡觉。,_ he heard
9、this, he got very angry. 2. I met Lucy_ I was walking along the river. 3. _ a child, he lived in the countryside.A. when B. while C. as,对比训练 1,A,B,C,1. We were about to leave_ it began to rain. 2. She thought I was talking about her son, _, in fact, I was talking about my son. 3. Hardly had I finish
10、ed my composition _ the bell rang.A. when B. while C. as D. during,对比训练 2,A,B,A,as soon as引导的时间状语从句,1.译为“一就”， 2.表示从句动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。,1.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。,I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back.,2.相当于as soon as 用法的词或短语还有：immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant等.,2
11、.Ill give him your message the minute he arrives.,1.Directly I had done it, I knew I had made a mistake.,1. It cost me 20 yuan to get to the Quanzhou Museum yesterday. Well, it was a waste of money to take a taxi _ you could have gone by bus as well. (11泉州市质检）A. when B. while C. unless D. because,2.
12、 You never really know whether you could handle failure _ you come face to face with it. (11厦门市质检）A.until B. after C. when D. while,3Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she got to her office（10四川） Asince Bthat Cwhen Duntil,4. John thinks it wont be long he is ready。for h
13、is new job. （10陕西）A. when B. after C. before D. since,A,5.How can you expect to learn anything you never listen？ (06山东31) A.in case B.even ifC.unless D.when,6.She had just finished her homework_ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday(09福建33) . A. when B. while C. after D. since
14、,7.You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card.(09上海32) A. before B. if C. while D. as,需要注意的几点: 1.在时间(或条件)状语从句中,要注意时态一致.一般情况下, “主将从现” When he receives the letter, hell tell us. 1.When _again? When he_, Ill let you know. (NMET88) A. he comes; comes B. will he comes ;will
15、 come C. he comes; will come D. will he come; comes,牛刀小试(时间状语从句),_ he was on holiday he caught a bad cold. Since B. While C. As D. During 2. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. When B. Since C. While D. As 3. She will write to you as soon as she _ to Paris. A. Will get B. gets C. get D. got,Ma
16、ry made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal. So that B. although C. while D. as if 2. Tom was about to close the window _ his attention was caught by a bird. When B. if C. and D. till 3. John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job. A. When B. before C. after D. since,C,A,B,5.
17、 Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone. A. As B. since C. until D. before 6. It was a long time _ we met again. A. Before B. since C. for D. when 7. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the stor
18、y. A. when B. unless C. until D. after,8. Dont stop _ you meet with a word you dont understand.A. at the time B. each time C. while D. During 9. -did you remember to give Alice the money you owe her?-Yes, _ I saw her, I remember it. A. while B. the instant C. suddenly D. soon 10. _ a baby turtle is
19、hatched, it must be able to feed for itself. No sooner than B. No sooner C. So soon that D. As soon as,原因状语从句,1.表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句 2.常用的连接词是：because, as, since, now that, for,和considering that, seeing that 这七个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱。,e.g. He didnt come to school because he was ill.,c.f. He
20、might be ill, for he didnt come to school.,表示“直接”原因。,表示“间接的推断”原因. 不可出现在句首。,3. 原因状语从句,because, since, as, for的区别:,1.because直接原因，非推断语气最强回答why的问题。2.since 通常放句首译为“既然”3.as 不谈自明的原因，语气最弱。4.for 放句中，引导后半句表原因, 或补充推断的理由。,1. because:因为, 2. As: “由于”, 表示较为明显的原因,语气弱 As you request it, I will come. 3. Since:”既然 ”表示
21、对方已经知道的事实或理由 Since everybody is here, lets begin. 4. now that：因为,既然已,现在已经 Now that Ive seen how he lives, I know why he needs so much money.,1. I danced in front of the people _ I liked it. 2. Youd better wear strong shoes _ well do a lot of walking. 3. _ he was not well, I decided to go without him
22、. 4. _ everybody know about it, I dont want to talk any more. 5. He must be ill, _ he is absent Today. 6. Some people believe that _ oil is running out,the fate of the motor industry is uncertain.,because,as,As,Since,for,since,牛刀小试(原因状语从句),Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for s
23、unglasses _eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. because B. though C. unless D. if 2. _ we have finished the book we shall start doing some exercises. For now B. since that C. Now that D. Since now 3. -Why didnt he attend the meeting?-_ he thought it was unimportant. Since B. As C. Because D
24、. For 4. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process _it requires attention as well as memory and imagination. A. for B. until C. but D. unless,条件状语从句,1.表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。,条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if, unless (除非), as / so long as (只要), on condition (只要), once ( 一旦), in c
25、ase (假使) , providing / provided (that) 等。,e.g. a.Well come over to see you on Saturday if wehave time. b. We should serve the people as / so long as we live.,4. 条件状语从句,引导条件状语从句的从属连词有： if, unless(=if not除非), so/as long as（只要）, in case（万一）, on condition that（条件是）, suppose/supposing（假设，如果）, provided th
26、at（如果）,1. We will be able to get there on time, _ our car doesnt break down on the road.as soon as B. as far as C. as long as D. as well as 2. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.whether B. until C. if D. unless 3. _ you have tried it, you can
27、t imagine how pleasant it is.A. Unless B. BecauseC. Although D. When,The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story. Or B. unless C. but D. whether 2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day ,_ accompanied by an adult. Once B. when C. if
28、 D. unless 3. -Our holiday cost a lot of money.- Did it? Well, that doesnt matter _ you enjoyed yourselves. A. As long as B. unless C. as soon as D. though,B,D,A,让步状语从句,让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语 从句。常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though, no matter + 疑问词(what/ who/ where/ when/ which/ how) 疑问词-ever (wha
29、tever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever),特殊引导词： as (用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，whether or , whether () or not,5. 让步状语从句,一、although/though, even if, even though 引导让步状语从句,不能和but连用,He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money. Although/though it was raining hard, yet they w
30、ent on playing football. Even if/though it is raining, we will go there.,注意Though还可用作副词，意思为可是，然而， ，置于句末 He said he would come; he didnt, though.,though, although, 判断以下句子是否正确： Although he is rich, but he is not happy. Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. Although we have grown up, our parents st
31、ill treat us as children.,要点归纳： though, although当“虽然”讲, 都不能和 but 连用. 但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用.,ever if, even though,even if 和 even though 表示“ ”,即使,Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.,no matter + 疑问词 疑问词-ever,No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind.
32、,替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however,判断正误： No matter what you say is of no use now. Whatever you say is of no use now.,归纳： no matter+疑问词不能引导主语从句和宾语从句， 而 “疑问词+ever”则可以,_ I accept
33、that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.A. While B. since C. Before D. Unless 2. The workers are determined to go through with their railway project, _ the expenses have risen.A. as long as B. even thoughC. now that D. as though 3. I really want the match, however much _.A. does it cos
34、t B. costs itC. will it cost D. it costs,4. _ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A. For now B. Now that C. By now D. until 5. _, the idea of having to work under a woman defeated him.A. Wanting the job very muchB. Although wanting the job badlyC. Though he wanted th
35、e job very muchD. He wanted the job badly,1. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _ they are different from your own. A. Until B. even if C. unless D. as though 2. -Dad, Ive finished my assignment. -Good, and _ you play or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me. Whenever B. whether C. whatever
36、 D. no matter,B,B,_ , mother will wait for him to have dinner together. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. however late he is 2. You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do. However B. no matter C. although D. whatever,D,A,目的状语从句,引导目的状语从句的连词:,i
37、n order that ,用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。,so that,a. 较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，so 有时可省; 从句中要有情态动词, 否则, 就成为下一种句型：,b. 无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。,for fear that; in case; lest (以免)等。,6. 目的状语从句,e.g. a. Well sit nearer the front so that we canhear better. b. I shall write it down lest I should forget.,注意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用so as to do
38、 或 in order to do ,e.g. He ran fast so that he might arrive there before ten oclock. ,He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten oclock.,so that: 以便,目的是 in order that: 以便 for fear that Lest 以防,惟恐 in case,in order that句首句中 so that句中,目的状语从句中谓语动词要用should+do,1.Take your umbrella in case it should rain
39、.2.They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time.3.I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget it.,Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. Ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case He started early _he could ge
40、t there before nine. A.In order that B. because C. so as to D. in order to,D,A,结果状语从句,结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由 so, so that, such that; so that 等引导。,a. So quickly did he run that I couldnt catch up with him.b. The bus broke down so that we had to walk home. c. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires
41、her. d. He got to the station finally, only to find the train had left.,7. 结果状语从句,so that, such that,1.so+形容词/副词+that从句2.so+形容词+a/an +可数名词单数that从句 3. such +a/an形容词+可数名词单数+that从句4.such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词 +that5.so+many/much/few/little + 名词+that Such +a lot of/lots of +名词+that从句,1.He was so excited that
42、 he couldnt go to sleep last night.2.It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.3.It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.,当So 或 such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序,So interesting is it that all of us want to read it.,3. Mike is _boy that we all like him. So good a B. a good s
43、o C. A such good D. such good a 4. He has _ little education that he cant teach _ little children. so; such B. too; such C. a; so D. very; so,1.Pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language. A. As B. that C. which D. where,B,比较状语从句,比较状语从句常由下列词语引导： as as, not so
44、 / as as, morethan, less than, the more + adj. / adv., the more + adj. / adv.,a. He is not so / as healthy as his brother. b. They jumped up and down as hard as they could. c. John is less clever than Peter. d. The busier he is, the happier he feels. e. The job is not so difficult as I thought it wo
45、uld be. f. Send for a doctor as soon as (it is ) possible.,9. 比较状语从句, 注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where和as为例，能引导多种从句。 You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句） Tell me the address where he lives. （定语从句，句中有先行词） I dont know where he came from.（宾语从句） Where he has gone is not known yet
46、. （主语从句） This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）,部分状语从句可用省略形式：even if, if , once, while, though, unless, when, as if etc. The flower his friends gave him will die unless (it is) watered every day Even if (I am) invited, I wont go there. Once (you are) caught sleeping in class, youll be punished by
47、your head-teacher . Though (he was) surprised to see us, he gave us a warm welcome. She wont speak to anyone unless (she is) asked to. When (it is) compared with the old one, our new house is really like a palace. These young man volunteered to go wherever (they are) needed.,“as” 用于不同的状语从句中 1. She sang as she worked. 2. Smart as he is ,he doesnt study hard. 3. You must try to do as I did. 4. She doesnt do her work as carefully as I. 5. As she was late for class, she had to say sorry.,
