1、 21 版 版 权 权 所 所 有 有 ， ， 盗 盗 用 用 必 必 究 究! ! 本 本 作 作 品 品 版 版 权 权 归 归 北 北 京 京 校 校 园 园 之 之 星 星 科 科 技 技 有 有 限 限 公 公 司 司 独 独 家 家 所 所 有 有 ， ， 任 任 何 何 机 机 构 构 或 或 个 个 人 人 均 均 不 不 得 得 擅 擅 自 自 复 复 制 制 、 、 传 传 播 播 。 。 本 本 公 公 司 司 热 热 沈 沈 欢 欢 迎 迎 广 广 大 大 一 一 线 线 教 教 师 师 加 加 入 入 我 我 们 们 的 的 作 作 者 者 队 队 伍 伍 。 。 有
2、 有 意 意 者 者 请 请 登 登 录 录 高 高 考 考 资 资 源 源 网 网 （ （w ww ww w. .k ks s5 5u u. .c co om m ） ） 语 法 复 习 四 ： 定 语 从 句 （ 一） 定语从 句一 般由关 系代 词和关 系副 词引导 1、关 系代 词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as 2、 关 系副 词：when, where, why 关系代 词和 关系 副词 必须 位于从 句之 首， 主句 先行 词之后 ，起 着连 接先 行词 和从句 的 作 用 ， 同时在 从句 中 又 充当 句子 成分。 e.g. She is
3、the girl who sings best of all.（关 系代 词 who 在从句 中作 主语 ） The comrade with whom I came knows French. （whom 在从句 中作 介 词 with 的宾 语） 3、 关系 代词 和关 系副 词的 用法 ：1 ） 当先 行词为 人时 用 who 作主 语 ，whom 作宾语 ；2）当 先行词 为物 或整 个句 子时 用 which ， 可 作主 语或 宾 语；3） 先行 词为 人 、 物 时 用 that ， 可作 主语 或宾语 ；4 ）whose 用作 定 语，可 指人 或物 ；5 ）关 系 副词 wh
4、en （ 指时 间， 在定 语从句 中作 时间 状语 ，where （指 地点 ， 在 定语从 句中 作地 点状 语） ，why （指原因 ， 在定 语从 句 中作原 因状 语） 。 （ 二） 限制性 定语 从句与 非限 制性定 语从 句 1、限 制性 定语 从句 ：从 句 与主句 关系 密切 ，去 掉从 句，主 句意 义不 完整 ，甚 至不合 逻辑 。 e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉 定语 从句 ，意 思就 不完整 ） 2、非限制 性定语 从句：从 句对先行 词关系不 密切， 去掉定从 句，意思 仍然完
5、 整。形式 上 用 逗号隔 开， 不 能 that 用引 导。 e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. （who 引导 非限 制 性定语 从句 ， 整个句 子可 分成 两句 来翻 译） （ 三） 使用定 语从 句时特 别注 意的几 个问 题 1、that 与which 的区别。 1）用 that 而不 用 which 的 情况： 先 行词 为不 定代 词 all, anything, nothing, ； 先 行词 有 最高级 修饰 ，有 序数 词修 饰； 先行 词 有 only, very, a
6、ny 等词修饰； 先 行词 既 有人又 有物 时。 e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什 么能 阻止 他不 干那 件事。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在 桂林他 们所 参观的 第 一个地 方是 象鼻 山。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电 影是 我 看过的 最好 的一 部。 Mr Smith is the only foreigner t
7、hat he knows. 史密 斯先 生是他 认识 的唯 一的 外国 人。 2）用 which 而 不用 that 的 情况： 引 导非 限制 性定 语从句 ； 代表 整个 主句 的意思 ； 介 词 + 关 系代 词。 e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学 考试 没有及 格， 这使他 的父 亲很 生气 。 22 This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去 年居 住过 的房 子。 3）as 引 导定 语从 句
8、时 的用 法 as 引 导限 制性 定语 从句 通常用 于 the same as, such as 结构 中。 e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件 跟我 朋友一 样的 衬衫 。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们 车间使 用的 这 种机器 是中国 制造 的。 as 引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子 。 通常用 下列 句型 ：as is known to all, as is said, as is rep
9、orted, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。 e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如 我 所预料 的那 样，他 在这 次期 中考 试中 又获得 了第 一名 。 3）as 引导 非限 制性 定语 从句时 与 which 的区 别 当主 句和 从句 语义 一致 时， 用 as ； 反之 ，用 which 来引 导非 限制 性定 语从 句。 e.g. He made a long speech, as we exp
10、ected. He made a long speech, which was unexpected. 当非 限制 定语 从句 为否 定时， 常 用 which 引 导。 e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all. 2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。 e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下 的那 个人 英 语说得 很流 利。 The students who are in G
11、rade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。 e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand. 4. 引 导定 语从 句的 关系 副 词有时 可以 用“ 介词 + which ”来 代替 。 e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 5. 当定语从句
12、中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时， 短语动词的各个固定 部分不要拆开。 e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father. 6. 介词在关系代词前， 只能用 which 和 whom， 且不能省略； 介词在句尾， 关系代词 可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用 who，且可省略。 e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school. 练 习、 定语 从句 一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句： 1.
13、 The fan is on the desk. You want it. 2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday. 23 3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away. 4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard. 5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park. 6. The lette
14、r is from my sister. I received it yesterday. 7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night. 8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning. 9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago. 10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it. 11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop. 12.
15、Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now. 13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer. 14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in. 15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class. 16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana
16、trees. 17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields. 18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag. 19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple. 20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a lar
17、ge table. 二、 根据句子意思， 在第一个空白处填入介词， 在第二个填入关系代词 whom 或 which: 1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 24 2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke. 3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 4. The two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and som
18、e of the idioms of English. 5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found. 6. The stories about the Long March, _ _ this is one example, are well written. 三、选择填空： 1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London. A. who B. which C. whom D. when 2. The woman _ is talking to my mot
19、her is a friend of hers. A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten. A. that B. which C. what D. as 4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily? A. when B. where C. which D. who 5. Tom did not take away the camera
20、because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week. A. which B. that C. whom D. as 6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here. A. whom B. which C. who D. when 7. Where is the man _ I met this morning? A. when B. where C. which D. who 8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over ther
21、e? A. who B. / C. that D. when 9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker. A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who 10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour. A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which 11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to
22、 him B. whom the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking 12. The man _ around our school is from America. A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed 13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard. A. of whom B. from whom C. about that
23、D. who 14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French. A. where B. who C. in which D. which 15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you? A. that B. whom C. when D. whose 16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police. A. that B. which
24、C. whatever D. all 25 17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport. A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those 18. This is the very letter _came last night. A. who B. which C. that D. as 19. I know only a little about this matter; you
25、 may ask _ knows better than I. A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one 20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago. A. where B. / C. when D. what 21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago. A. where B. that C. which D. on which 22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island
26、. A. which B. in which C. that D. / 23. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him. A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which 24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow? A. that B. which C. its D. whose 25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single
27、 person _ she could turn for help. A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom 26. Is this school _ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. which C. that D. where 27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. where C. in which D. / 28, How many students are there in your class _ ho
28、mes are in the country? A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. A. it B. which C. that D. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people. A. when there were B. which there were C. that there we
29、re D. where there were 31. I live in the house _ windows face south. A. which B. whose C. where D. in that 32. - What game is popular with them? - The _ most is tennis. A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it 33. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they
30、 drank all the wine I had. A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which 34. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large. A. that B. which C. where D. when 35. Dont forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League. A. when B. that C. at which D. where 26 36. Ive finished writin
31、g the novel, _ is to be published next month. A. that B. what C. which D. when 37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected. A. which B. as C. that D. it 38. _ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn. A. What B. As C. That D. Which 39. The old man ha
32、d three sons, all of _ died during World War . A. whose B. that C. whom D. who 40. I have bought two pens, _ write well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which 41. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind? A. why B. which C. for that D. of which 42. He failed
33、in the exam, _ proves that he wasnt working hard enough. A. which B. what C. it D. that 43. During the week _ he tried to collect materials for his article. A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed 44. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam. A. It B. Which C. As D. That 45. He studie
34、d hard and later became a well-known writer, _ his father expected. A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what 46. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser. A. when B. as C. whose D. what 47. You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me. A. when B.
35、as C. whose D. what 48. He is absent _ is often the case. A. what B. which C. who D. as 49. It is the first time _ I have come to your city. A. that B. which C. what D. when 50. Who _ has the same idea as it will do it in this way. A. who B. that C. whom D. which 51. I shall never forget those years
36、 _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who 52. This is the only book _ I can find. A. that B. which C. it D. with which 53. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. th
37、e way of which 54. That is one of those books that _ worth reading. A. is B. are C. has D. have 27 55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting _ the best. A. is B. are C. has D. have 56. There was _ to prevent the accident. A. something could do B. anything we could do C. nothing we couldnt do D. nothing we could do
