1、Unit4英语中表示 “许多 ”的词组很多，按其用法可以分为以下三类： 1、修饰可名词： many、 a(great/large)number of、 a few、 many a、 several等。 many a 的意思相当于 many , 但 many a 后边接可数名词单数，如：Many a student has such a question.许多同学有这样的疑问。A number of students have passed the exam.许多学生都通过了考试。 2、修饰不可数名词： much、 a great deal of、 a large amount of等。 We
2、can get a great deal of(a large amount of) information from internet.我们可以从互联网上获得大量信息。 3、既可修饰可数名词 ,也可修饰不可数名词： a lot of (lots of ); plenty of; a large quantity of 等。 Plenty of the water is polluted.许多水都被污染了。 Plenty of the rivers are polluted.许多河都被污染了。The Attributive Clause(定语从句 )a beautiful girl一个 漂亮的
3、 女孩定语：用来修饰，限定，说明名词或代词，或具有名词的品质与特征的词。作定语的词主要是形容词或者是相当于形容词的词，短语或者句子，汉语中常用 “的 ”表示 。1. 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 . 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后 .2. 先行词 : 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 .3. 关系词 : 引 导定语从句的词叫关系词 . 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 . 关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 when, where, why等 . 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A. 引导定语从句；B. 代替先行词；C.
4、在定语从句中担当一成分 . 关系代词关系副词先行词 句中作用 省否who 人 主语 关系代词在句中作宾语可以省略whom 人 宾语which 物 主语宾语that 人物 主语宾语whose 人物 定语When 时间 状语where 地点 状语why reason 状语the handsomethe tallthe strong the cleverthe naughtyboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is handsome is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy wh
5、o is clever is TomThe boy who is naughty is Tom.1.who指人，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语。 The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语 )The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom. T
6、he woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian.The woman who can speak Russian got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. The teacher is famous.The teacher who is famous will give us a talk. The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (whom) everyone likes is kind.(宾语 ) The woman got the job.
7、 We saw her on the street . 2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。 The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday . The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.Ex:He is the teacher. The teacher can speak French.He is the teacher who can spea
8、k French. Do you know the man? He came to visit you today.Do you know the man who came tovisit you today? The lady stepped on his foot. He was dancing with the lady.The lady (whom) he was dancing with stepped on his foot. Do you know the man? You will visit him today.Do you know the man whom you wil
9、l visit today?applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.3.which指物，在从句中做主语或者宾语 Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers.Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat
10、 which (主语 ) is eating her flowers. Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night.Can you lend me the book (which) (宾语 ) you talked about last night. 4.that 指人 /物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine. It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is th
11、e man (that) I told you about.5.whose 在定语从句中作定语 ,表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。This is the book. The books cover is blue.This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.This is the book the cover of which is blue.Do you know the girl?Her ha
12、ir is very short in our classDo you know the girl whose hair isthe hair of whomvery short in our class?He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterdayHe is the student whose pencilthe pencil of whomI broke yesterday. Mr King was quickly taken to hospital. Her legs were badly hurt.Mr King whose legs w
13、ere badly hurt was quickly taken to hospital.We shall make a decision about Ms King. I have told you her story.We shall make a decision about Ms King whose story I have told you.The chair is being repaired now.The legs of the chair are broken.The chair,whose legs are broken the legs of which are bro
14、ken, of which the legs are broken is being repaired now.The boss of the company told the story about . His name was Mr Little.The boss of the company, whose name was Mr Little, told the story about Ms KingThis teacher is liked by all the students.I work with her son. This teacher,with whose son I wo
15、rk, is liked by all the studentsThe boss had heard about the accident.Mr King worked in his department.The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident. that和 which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 , 但在下列情况下 , 一般用 that而不用 which。I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the
16、books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, something,anything 等不定代词时。(2)先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。(5) 先行词是 w
17、ho或 who引导的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished.(6) 主句以 There be 引导时 There are 200 people that didnt know the thing. (7) 当先行词在定语从句中作 be表语时，关系代词用 that.She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.(8)当先行词是 which时，关系代词用 that.Which is the book that you bought
18、last week?1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is infront of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.6.Who i
19、s the man _ is reading under the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _ it used to be twenty years ago.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatwho,that （先行词为人）区别1.用 who不用 that的情况：(1)当先行词为 one,ones,anyone,those时。(2)当先行词为人称代词时。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who have any difficulty
20、with pronunciation should practise2.只能用 which,不用 that的情况 :1.介词前置时关系代词只能用 which(先行词为物 )2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用 which(1) She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.(2)My glasses,without which I was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.1 The river _are covered with trees is very
21、 long.A which banks B of which banksC whose the banks D the banks of which2 she likes to use words _is clear to him.A of which the meaning B of which meaningC whose of meaning D meaning of which3 Themanager_company they worked agreed _their decision.A which, with B in which, to C whose, with D in wh
22、ose, with4 Look! The dictionary ,_is red, is a birthday gift given by my parents. A which cover B the cover of which C the whose cover D that the cover5 Mr Brown,_, works as the manager of the company.A we got here in his car B we got here by carC in whose car we got here D by whose car we got hereD
23、ADBCAs 也可以用来引导定语从句 .当先行词与 as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是such,the same时 ,关系代词用 as. As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。1.He is not such a man as only thinks of himself. 2.I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday.3.Such problems as are often mentioned should be solved.4.I will read as many books as are required.5. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.（三） “介词 +关系代词 ”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由 “ 介词 +关系代词 ” 引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
