1、Abu Simbel temples 阿布辛贝勒神庙 (拉美西斯二世神庙),The Data From:,http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Simbel_temples,Content 目录,Brief Introduction 简介,Construction 建造,Rediscovery 发掘,Relocation 迁址,Abu Simbel temples refers to two massive rock temples in Abu Simbel ( in Arabic) in Nubia, southern Egypt on the western b
2、ank of Lake Nasser about 230 km southwest of Aswan (about 300 km by road). The complex is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the “Nubian Monuments,“1 which run from Abu Simbel downriver to Philae (near Aswan).,Brief Introduction 简介,阿布辛贝勒神庙（阿拉伯语： ）指的是位于尼罗河旁的阿布辛波古庙里的由两块巨大的岩石构成的神殿，它在埃及南部的纳
3、赛尔湖（Lake Nasser）西岸，矩阿斯旺越230公里（经由公路则需要300公里的路程）。阿布辛贝勒神庙作为“努比亚人遗址”（囊括了阿布辛波古庙和它下游的菲莱岛，而菲莱岛在阿斯旺附近）成为了教科文组织指定的世界文化遗产。,The twin temples were originally carved out of the mountainside during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 13th century BC, as a lasting monument to himself and his queen Nefertari, t
4、o commemorate his alleged victory at the Battle of Kadesh, and to intimidate his Nubian neighbors.,Brief Introduction 简介,这个成对的神庙由公园前13世纪拉美西斯二世统治时期的山岩石刻构成。这个摩崖石刻则是为了纪念拉美西斯二世和他的皇后而建造的。同时，这个石刻还起到了对外宣扬卡叠什战役胜利和威慑邻国努比亚人的作用。依崖凿建的牌楼门、巨型拉美西斯二世摩崖雕像、前后柱厅及神堂等组成。,However, the complex was relocated in its entiret
5、y in 1968, on an artificial hill made from a domed structure, high above the Aswan High Dam reservoir.,Brief Introduction 简介,然而，神庙在1968年因兴建阿斯旺水坝而被整体迁移至高出河床水位的后山上。,The relocation of the temples was necessary to avoid their being submerged during the creation of Lake Nasser, the massive artificial wat
6、er reservoir formed after the building of the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River. Abu Simbel remains one of Egypts top tourist attractions.,Brief Introduction 简介,神庙的迁址对于避免神庙在尼罗河泛滥时期被洪水侵蚀很有必要。在尼罗河上的阿斯旺水坝兴建完工之后，储水量惊人的水库也就形成了。阿布信贝勒也保留了它对游客的巨大吸引力。,Construction of the temple complex started in approximatel
7、y 1224 BCE and lasted for about 20 years, until 1244 BCE. Known as the “Temple of Ramesses, beloved by Amun,“ it was one of six rock temples erected in Nubia during the long reign of Ramesses II. Their purpose was to impress Egypts southern neighbors, and also to reinforce the status of Egyptian rel
8、igion in the region. Historians say that the design of Abu Simbel expresses a measure of ego and pride in Ramesses II.,Construction 建造,阿布辛贝勒神庙的建造大约开始于公元前1244年，历经20年大约于公元前1224年完工。阿布辛贝勒神庙被誉为“受阿蒙神宠爱的拉美西斯的庙宇”。它是在拉美西斯二世统治时期建造在尼罗河岸的六座石砌庙宇之一。这样建造的目的是为了向南面邻国宣扬自己的国力，同时也为了加强这一地区的埃及的宗教统治。历史学家声称，阿布辛贝勒神庙的设计传达出了拉
9、美西斯二世的自信和骄傲。,With the passage of time, the temples fell into disuse and eventually became covered by sand. Already in the 6th century BC, the sand covered the statues of the main temple up to their knees.,Rediscovery 发掘,随着时间的流逝，神庙逐渐被废弃最终被沙土掩埋。到公元前六世纪的时候，沙土已将主神庙神像膝盖以下的位置全部掩埋。,Rediscovery 发掘,神庙被人遗忘了，直
10、到1813年一位从瑞士来到东方的学者约翰伯克哈特发现了神庙天花板的构件。伯克哈特和一位意大利探险家乔瓦贝尔佐尼讨论这件事。而这位探险家之前一直苦寻神庙入口无果。贝尔佐尼于1817年再次回到了这里，这次他成功地进入了神庙。他带走了一切有价值而又便于携带的东西。,The temple was forgotten until 1813, when Swiss orientalist JL Burckhardt found the top frieze of the main temple. Burckhardt talked about his discovery with Italian expl
11、orer Giovanni Belzoni, who travelled to the site, but was unable to dig out an entry to the temple. Belzoni returned in 1817, this time succeeding in his attempt to enter the complex. He took everything valuable and portable with him.,Rediscovery 发掘,Tour guides at the site relate the legend that “Ab
12、u Simbel“ was a young local boy who guided these early re-discoverers to the site of the buried temple which he had seen from time to time in the shifting sands. Eventually, they named the complex after him.,这次发掘遗址并将遗址跟阿布辛波古庙联系到一起的导游是一位当地的小男孩。这个小男孩在这之前曾无数次看见从沙土中露出的庙宇顶部。最终，他们以小男孩的名字命名了这座神庙，它就是今天的阿布辛贝
13、勒神庙,Relocation 迁址,微缩模型在考虑尼罗河水位的基础上很好地展示了神庙的原址和现址。,A scale model showing the original and current location of the temple (with respect to the water level),Relocation 迁址,Close-up of one of the colossal statues of Ramesses II, wearing the double crown of Lower and Upper Egypt,近距离仰视拉美西斯二世的巨大雕刻，他戴这象征着上埃及
14、和下埃及的双重冠冕。,Relocation 迁址,The collapsed colossus of the Great Temple supposedly fell during an earthquake shortly after its construction, when moving the temple it was decided to leave it as the face is missing.,这个倒坍的神庙中的巨石像恐怕是在它建成不久后的一次地震中倒塌的。在迁址时，这座石像被留了下来，因为它的头部已经不见了。,Thank You!,The Data From:,http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Simbel_temples,
