时态语态表格.doc

1、动词的时态和语态时态 意义 标志词语 构成 被动语态一般现在时The present tense经常性,习惯性的动作 ,存在的状态,或客观事实.everyday, usually, always, sometimes, often, once a week 主语+V 原(当主语是第三人称时,V+s 或 es)主语+ am/is/are+V 过分现在进行时The present continuous tense现在正在发生的动作 now, look, listen,at this moment,right now, at present主语+am/is/are +doing主语+ am/is/a

2、re+being+V 过分过去进行时The past continuous tense表示在过去一个时间点或时间短中正在发生的动作at that time,then, at that moment主语 + was/were +doing主语+ was/were+ being+V 过分一般将来时The future tense 表示将来某时发生的动作或情况tomorrow, soon,next month/week,in a week主语+will/shall+V 原主语+will/shall+be+V 过分过去将来时The past future tense表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作

3、或存在的状态two days later, the next week, the following week主语+would/should+V 原主语+ would/should + be+V 过分一般过去时The past tense过去某时发生的动作或情况yesterday, ago,last year/ week主语+V 过(V+ed, 还有一些不规则变化的动词 主语+ was/were+V 过分现在完成时 The present perfect tense表示在过去已发生或已完成，但与现在情况有联系的动作或状态already, just, yet, ever, recently, f

4、or three days, since 1998, in the past 20 years 主语+have/has+ V 过分主语+have/has+ been+ V 过分过去完成时The past perfect tense 表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作（过去的过去）by the end of last year/term主语+had + V 过分主语+had + been+ V 过分一、动词时态1. Mary went to the box office at lunch time, but all the tickets out.(09 年上海高考)A. woul

5、d sell B. had sell C. have sell D. was selling解析 1:答案为 B。本题考查时态。根据句意 :Mary 利用午饭时间去了售票处,但是所有的票都已卖完了。过去完成时表示过去某时前已发生的情况,所以 B 选项为正确答案。2.-Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?- Terry? Never! She tents and fresh air!(08 年上海高考题)A. has hate B. hated C. will hate D. hates解析 2:答案为 D。本题考查时态.。根据句意

6、: 你知道 Terry 本周末是否会去野营? Terry? 她从不去野营！她讨厌帐篷和新鲜空气！此句中动词表示的是经常性的行为，应该选用一般现在时态。解题技巧: 遵循时态一致。也就是说应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。 一般原则是： 1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时，从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态 。 e.g. He says that he lives in Wuhan. We hope that there will be many people at your party today.2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候，从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态。 e.g. He said h

7、e was writing a novel. The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment. He said his father had been an engineer. 3、当从句表示客观事实，科学真理等时，即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态，从句谓语也应用一般现在时。 e.g. The teacher told them the earth moves around the sun.4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况 : 利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时，还应注意，若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告

8、等的动词，从句谓语只能用虚拟语气，不能遵循时态一致原则。 e.g. We insisted that we do it ourselves. 二、动词的语态 1. During the period of recent terrorist activities, people not to touch any unattended bag. (09 年上海高考)A. had always been warned B. were always being warnedC. are always warning D. always warned解析 1:答案为 B。本题考查语态 .根据题意: 在最

9、近这段恐怖活动期间,人们经常被告诫不要去碰任何无人看管的包裹。主语 people 与谓语动词 warn 之间是被动关系 ,且时间状语表示过去一段时间内,所以答案为B。 2. In recent years many football club as business to make a profit. (08 年上海高考)A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run解析 2:答案为 B.本题考查语态。根据题意 :近年来许多足球俱乐部的运作都已商业化，都是为了赚钱。句中的主语 football club 和谓语 run 为被动关

10、系，且根据时间状语应该选用现在完成时态，所以答案为 B。解题技巧：一般用于强调受者， 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。 考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组 come true, consist of, take place, happen, rise, become, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed e.g. Great changes have taken place in my h

11、ometown.A big earthquake has happened in Chile this year.考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与 well, quite, easily, badly 等副词连用。这些动词有lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 写 )；e.g. Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。 The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。 The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 考点三：一些常用经典被动句型： It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed， It is expected, It is estimated, 这些句子一般翻译为“据说”，“人们认为” ， 而 “以前人们认为” 则应该说：It was believed, It was thought e.g. It is widely believed the couple have left the country.