（浙江专版）2019届高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础考点聚焦 Unit 1-5（课件+试题）（打包10套）新人教版必修4.zip

1Unit 1 Women of achievement 阅读理解ⅠAJoseph Goldberger was a doctor for the United States Public Health Service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. In 1914, Goldberger was asked by U．S. Surgeon General Rupert Blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the South. The disease was pellagra(糙皮病)．Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. He studied the victims and their families. Most of the people lived a hard life. The doctor came to believe that the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. He received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. One group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. Members of the first group developed pellagra. The second group did not.But some medical researchers refused to accept Goldberger’s idea. For the South, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. There were other things, including Southern pride.So Goldberger had himself injected(注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. He also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. He even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. An assistant also took part in the experiments. So did Goldberger’s wife. None of them got sick.Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929. He was fifty­five years old. Several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra：a lack of vitamin B3 known as niacin.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国医生 Joseph Goldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。Joseph Goldberger 医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。1．Who were easy targets of pellagra according to Goldberger?A．People in America.B．People put into prison.C．People having a poor diet.D．People touching pellagra patients.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most of the people lived a hard life.the disease didn’t pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food.”，再结合 Goldberger在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在 Joseph Goldberger看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病。2．What did Goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4?2A．Pellagra wasn’t so terrible.B．Pellagra didn’t spread.C．Pellagra could be cured.D．Pellagra wasn’t a medical problem.B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的 Goldberger认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容(将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸)和结果(他没患病)可推知，Goldberger 进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不传染。3．Which words can be used to describe Goldberger?A．Devoted and determined.B．Selfless and friendly.C．Patient and expert.D．Stubborn and enthusiastic.A 解析：推理判断题。文中提到的 Goldberger在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可 Goldberger的观点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定。故选 A。BWe talk about people being “colour­blind” but very few of us are. Even those who describe themselves as colour­blind are normally just colour deficient. A strongly colour­blind person will still be able to tell 20 different colours, compared to the 100 or so that normal­sighted people see.Pingelap, a tiny island in the Pacific, is a beautiful spot but one that has a genetic trouble. It is known as Colour­blind Island because so many people who live on this remote island can only see in black and white.Not being able to see in colour is bad enough. But one islander, Herrol, who’s a fisherman, also struggles in full sunlight because all he sees is a painful burnt­out image.“I find it difficult to go outside in the sun， ” he says， “because when it’s sunny I cannot see to do my work.”But if being truly colour­blind is rare, why is it that around 10% of the population of Pingelap live in a totally black and white world?Well, we know that in 1780 the population of Pingelap was all but wiped out by a tsunami(海啸). As few as 20 people survived, one of whom was the king. It’s believed he had a genetic fault that causes colour­blindness and he passed this fault on to his many generations.There is one advantage. Herrol can see well, really well, in the dark. So when it gets dark, Herrol and his friends get in their boats and hunt flying fish. They hang up flaming torches and the flying fish are attracted to the flames. “This type of fishing is fun， ” Herrol says, “especially if we catch plenty. So even though it’s hard work we enjoy it.”【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了色盲岛——Pingelap 岛，以及该岛上居民色盲的原因、情况等。4．What is Pingelap famous as?3A．A tiny island.B．A beautiful island.C．A mentally troubled island.D．A colour­blind island.D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，Pingelap 岛因被称为色盲岛而出名，故 D项正确。5．What can we infer about Herrol?A．He may stay at home when it’s sunny.B．He is interested in burnt­out images.C．He likes taking photos very much.D．He doesn’t live in Pingelap any more.A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，他发现在阳光下无法看清东西，所以无法工作；据此可以判断，阳光充足时他可能会待在家里面，故 A项正确。6．Why are so many people in Pingelap colour­blind?A．Because Pingelap often suffers from tsunamis.B．Because the king had an unlucky marriage.C．Because the king’s genetic fault played a role.D．Because the king made a serious mistake.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，该岛的国王有导致色盲的基因，这是一种基因缺陷，他将这一基因传给了后代，所以岛上的很多人是色盲，故 C项正确。7．What would be the best title for the text?A．The Island of Colour­blindnessB．The Disadvantage of HerrolC．The History of PingelapD．The Advantage of Colour­blindnessA 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了色盲岛——Pingelap 岛， 故A项正确。完形填空ⅡHonesty is always the best policy，especially when it comes to mental health problems. In a TV __1__，one girl gets very real about dealing with anxiety and panic.“I was the best student in my high school. I put so much __2__ on myself， ” she said. “I never __3__a class. But I got sick during 10th grade and I started to __4__. That was when the panic attacks began.” She goes on to describe what a panic attack __5__ like， “One day the teacher handed me my grade __6__，and I couldn’t breathe. My heart was beating very __7__. I felt disconnected. I saw people trying to talk to me but I couldn’t hear them. Afterwards，I was sent to __8__， ” she shared.It was then __9__ the attacks started happening __10__ daily，and they haven’t stopped. “Last year I started college. And I can’t be the best student here no matter how hard I try， ” she said. “Everyone is so __11__. My panic attacks got so bad that I had to __12__ my first semester.”However，now she is facing her anxiety，and things are getting better. “I used to try to hide __13__. I thought that __14__ nobody knew，it would not 4exist， ” she said. “But the more I talk about my __15__，the more I realize that other people experience __16__ things. So I’m trying to express it more. I had a great teacher __17__ told me， ‘Instead of letting anxiety keep you from doing your art，let it be the thing that __18__your art.’ ”Recently，women all over the world took to Twitter to __19__ what anxiety is like. We are __20__ alone.【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个女孩分享了她曾经的焦虑经历，后来，她勇敢面对焦虑，情况得以好转。作者借这个事例说明直面困难、坦陈问题往往是解决心理健康问题的良策。1．A.project B．programC．platform D．stationB 解析：根据“In a TV ______，one girl gets very real about dealing with anxiety and panic.”可知，在一个电视节目(program) 中，一个女孩坦诚地分享了她克服焦虑和惊恐的经历，故 B项正确。A 项意为“项目” ，C 项意为“平台” ，D 项意为“站” ，都与语境不符。2．A.weight B．height C．pressure D．measureC 解析：根据前一句“I was the best student in my high school.”再结合该句“ I put so much ______ on myself”可知，该句是说，在学校里这个女孩是一位优等生，她自己给自己施加了很多压力。C 项意为“压力” ，符合语境，故 C项正确。A 项意为“体重” ，B 项意为“身高” ，D 项意为“度量单位” ，都与语境不符。3．A.joined B．succeededC．failed D．attendedC 解析：根据上文，再结合该句“I never ______a class.”可知，这个女孩从没有考试不及格过；C 项意为“不及格” ，符合语境，故 C项正确。A 项意为“加入” ；B 项意为“成功” ；D 项意为“参加” 。4．A.fall behind B．fall downC．leave behind D．leave aloneA 解析：根据上下文可知，在十年级时这个女孩生病了，成绩开始落后；A 项意为“落后” ，符合语境，故 A项正确。B 项意为“跌倒；失败” ；C 项意为“留下，遗留” ；D项意为“不打扰” 。5．A.looks B．soundsC．tastes D．feelsD 解析：根据空处前后句可知，这个女孩是在描述焦虑症发作时的感觉。feel like为固定搭配，意为“感觉像是……” ，符合语境，故 D项正确。6．A.report B．surveyC．research D．noticeA 解析：根据该句中“One day the teacher handed me my grade ______，and I couldn’t breathe.”可知，老师将成绩单交给了这个女孩；表示“成绩单”用“grade report”，故 A项正确。7．A.mildly B．wildlyC．slowly D．severelyB 解析：根据后一句“I felt disconnected.”可以判断，这个女孩看到了她的成绩单后感觉无法呼吸，心脏疯狂地(wildly)跳动，故 B项正确。A 项意为“温和地” ；C 项意5为“缓慢地” ；D 项意为“严格地” 。8．A.school B．workC．hospital D．homeC 解析：参见上题解析并结合该句“Afterwards，I was sent to ______”可以判断，最后，这个女孩被送往医院。故 C项正确。9．A.when B．sinceC．before D．thatD 解析：根据该句“It was then ______ the attacks started happening ______ daily，and they haven’t stopped.”可知，该句使用了强调句型，被强调的部分是then，故用 that引导句中的其他部分，故 D项正确。10．A.still B．alwaysC．merely D．almostD 解析：根据空处所在句可知，从那时起焦虑几乎每天发生，没有停止过。D 项意为“几乎” ，符合语境，故 D项正确。11．A.ambitious B．anxiousC．talented D．experiencedC 解析：根据空处前一句可知，在大学里，无论这个女孩怎么努力都无法成为最好的学生；结合该句“Every one is so ______． ”可知，每个人都有天赋；C 项意为“有天赋的” ，符合语境，故 C项正确。12．A.arrange B．performC．operate D．cancelD 解析：根据该句“My panic attacks got so bad that I had to ______ my first semester.”可知，这个女孩的焦虑症变得如此严重，她不得不休学。D 项意为“取消” ，符合语境，故 D项正确。13．A.it B．themC．me D．usA 解析：根据空处前后句可知，空处指代前一句的“anxiety” ，后一句中的“it would not exist”也是提示。故此处用 it。14．A.unless B．ifC．while D．asB 解析：根据语境可知，空处引导条件状语从句，故此处用 if。15．A.confidence B．dreamC．issue D．desireC 解析：根据上下文可知，空处是指这个女孩的焦虑问题。C 项意为“问题” ，符合语境，故 C项正确。A 项意为“信心” ；B 项意为“梦想” ；D 项意为“渴望” 。16．A.similar B．familiarC．various D．seriousA 解析：根据上下文可知，此处是指这个女孩对她的问题谈得越多，她就越意识到其他人也经历过相似的事情。文章的最后一段也是提示。故 A项正确。17．A.who B．whomC．whose D．whichA 解析：分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为“a great teacher”，在从句中作主语，故用 who引导该定语从句。18．A.abandons B．quits6C．motivates D．protestsC 解析：根据语境可知，空处应用与“keep you from doing your art”意义相反的一个动词。C 项意为“激励” ，符合语境，故 C项正确。A 项意为“放弃” ；B 项意为“停止”；D 项意为“反对” 。19．A.advertise B．adviseC．share D．compareC 解析：根据该句“Recently，women all over the world took to Twitter to ______ what anxiety is like.”可知，最近，世界各地的女性都在推特上分享了焦虑的经历。C 项意为“分享” ，符合语境，故 C项正确。20．A.always B．sometimesC．seldom D．neverD 解析：参见上题解析，再结合该句“We are ______ alone.”可知，焦虑者不是孤独的，故用否定词 never。1Unit 2 Working the land 阅读理解ⅠAOphelia and the Marvelous Boy by Karen FoxleeType：FantasyStoryline：When Ophelia moves to a strange city where it never stops snowing, she discovers a boy locked away for 75 years in a museum. She must help the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world. Along the way, Ophelia learns how to believe in things she cannot see.Targeted readers：People who like fairy tales would enjoy this book.A Hundred Horses by Sarah LeanType: MysteryStoryline：The wooden horse Nell brings along during her visits to her aunt and cousins is stolen by a girl named Angel. As Nell finds out Angel’s true identity, a bond grows between them and a group of 99 horses. Word has it that the 100th horse is magical. But where is it? Nell doesn’t know, but Angel might know.Targeted readers：Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to find this book exciting.How to Catch a Bogle by Catherine JinksType: FantasyStoryline：Birdie is an orphan who is good at trapping monsters with her singing voice. She is the only goblin(小妖精) hunter in the world. When kids go missing, it’s up to her to figure out why.Targeted readers：Anyone who is looking for monsters will take great pleasure in this book.I Even Funnier: A Middle School Story by James Patterson and Chris GrabensteinType: FictionStoryline：After a car accident Jamie loses his family, and then he moves in with his aunt, uncle and his cousin Stevie, whose basic aim is to trick Jamie. But Jamie keeps having a positive attitude and running after his goals. He was recently honored the Funniest Kid Comic of New York State.Targeted readers：This book would be great for anyone who is fond of humorous books.【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书籍，提供了每本书的名称、作2者、种类、故事情节和目标读者。1．Which writer tells a story about a girl saving a boy?A．Karen Foxlee.B．Sarah Lean.C．Catherine Jinks.D．James Patterson and Chris Grabenstein.A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章对第一本书的简介，尤其是第二句“She must help the boy before the Snow Queen freezes the world.”可知，在冰雪女王冰冻世界之前Ophelia必须帮助那个男孩逃离，故选 A。2．Nature lovers may take interest in________．A． Ophelia and the Marvelous BoyB． A Hundred HorsesC． How to Catch a BogleD． I Even Funnier: A Middle School StoryB 解析：细节理解题。根据第二本书对目标读者的描述“Kids who like animals and nature will be sure to find this book exciting.”可知，喜欢动物和自然的孩子一定会发现这本书令人兴奋，故第二本书 A Hundred Horses 符合要求，即 B项正确。3．In which section of a newspaper can we find such a passage?A．Fashion. B．Literature.C．Business. D．Local news.B 解析：文章出处题。根据文章是对四本书的介绍可知，这篇文章可能来自报纸的文学版块，即 B项正确。BExposed soil isn’t part of nature’s master plan. Good examples where soil is naturally found with no plants growing in are beneath freshly removed trees, or where the ground has been burnt by a land fire. In these situations bare soil isn’t bare for long; within days seedlings(芽 ) begin to appear and cover the ground. In a few months’ time, the scar is hardly noticeable.Unlike these natural examples, ploughed(耕犁) fields and freshly dug gardens are obvious examples created by man. But, left to nature, even these bare soils soon turn green with a large number of tiny seedlings. In fields, gardens and on grasslands, roadside and sports fields, along streets and on paths and pavements, we are constantly battling to stop weeds from growing. All we are doing is stop the recovering powers of nature.Whenever soil is exposed, weeds act like a kind of medicine to reduce the potentially harmful rays of the sun, so the sooner plant growth covers the soil over again, the better.Weeds also help to improve the fertility(肥沃) of the soil. Their roots get the soil together, improving its structure and creating a more stable environment in which soil life can grow fast. Those weeds with a deep root draw up plant nutrients from deeper in the ground, making them available to plants growing near the soil surface. Above ground, the stems(茎)of weeds help trap 3fallen leaves which break down into the soil, adding to the fertility of the soil.As the soil becomes more fertile, different kinds of plants start to replace the “pioneering” weeds. Bushes move in to take the place by gradually shading them out, followed in turn by trees, which eventually push up through the bushes, finally shading them out too. Fallen leaves from the bushes and trees carry on the job of building soil fertility that was begun by those very first weeds that grew on the bare soil. Then, when one of these mature trees is removed in a storm，leaving a wound of bare soil in the earth, the whole process starts again.【解题导语】 人们到处阻止杂草等植物的生长，然而，它们却有助于增加土壤的肥沃度。所以，土壤和植物之间是相互促进的关系。4．When will soil be left bare?A．A land fire has just happened.B．A young tree is planted in.C．No one ploughs the land.D．No crops are planted in.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Exposed soil isn’t part of nature’s master plan. Good examples.where the ground has been burnt by a land fire.”可知，刚被火烧过的土地被称作裸土。故选 A项。5．Which of the following prevents the bare soil from recovering?A．Seedlings appearing in gardens.B．Reducing harmful rays of the sun.C．Removing weeds from pavements.D．Replacing plants in sports fields.C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，人们除掉路边杂草的行为就是在阻止裸土的恢复。故选 C项。6．What can weeds do for the soil?A．They create soil life.B．They help improve the soil.C．They get nutrients from the sun.D．They break down fallen leaves.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Weeds also help to improve the fertility(肥沃) of the soil.”可知，杂草有助于提高土壤的肥沃度。7．How can the soil remain fertile after trees move in?A．By adding more weeds to the soil.B．By taking out the weeds constantly.C．By removing the previous bushes.D．By making use of the fallen leaves.D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Fallen leaves from the bushes and trees carry on the job of building soil fertility that was begun by those very first weeds that grew on the bare soil.”可判断 D项正确。七选五Ⅱ(2018·宁波模拟)With today’s stressful lifestyles, it’s important to have 4time that you spend doing something just for the fun of it. While there are many great hobbies to choose from, the hobbies here are particularly useful in relieving stress.1．________Whether you simply learn to take better pictures of your friends and family, or explore the world of creating true art, photography can be a great hobby. As you practice seeing the world through the eyes of a photographer, you may begin to see things differently.GardeningGardening can be a great stress reliever for many reasons.2.________. In addition, it can also create more beautiful surroundings to come home for each day, and more.KnittingAside from helping you create beautiful gifts for yourself and others, knitting provides you with an opportunity to relieve stress. The repetitive motion can get you into an experience of “flow”，or can at least provide an outlet for nervous energy.3.________．DrawingYou can get in touch with your artistic side and use drawing as a way to process emotions.4.________. The end result will be something beautiful and personal that you can enjoy or share.Playing the piano5．________. While listening to music can probably be considered a hobby, creating music can be an even more powerful stress relieving hobby. Learning to play an instrument such as the piano can be a stress reliever for you as well as for those around you.A．Laughing more, stressing lessB．Exploring photographyC．It can get you into the sunshine and fresh airD．Music has many health and stress relief benefitsE．These suggestions can help you reduce tension in your body nowF．Gradually knitting may be making you better at your day jobG．Besides, it can distract you, and achieve other stress management benefits【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了几种可以缓解压力的爱好。1．B 解析：根据本段中的“photography can be a great hobby” 可知，本段推荐的兴趣是摄影，所以选 B项。2．C 解析：根据本段标题 Gardening 及空后一句可推知，做园艺工作可以享受阳光，呼吸新鲜空气，故选 C项。3．F 解析：承接上文的“The repetitive motion can get you into an experience of ‘flow’，or can at least provide an outlet for nervous energy.”并结合本段标题 Knitting 可推知，编织会让人们工作得更好，所以选 F项。4．G 解析：根据下文的“The end result will be something beautiful and personal that you can enjoy or share.” 可推知， 画画可以转移注意力，调节压力，5所以选 G项。5．D 解析：根据下文的“While listening to music can probably be considered a hobby, creating music can be an even more powerful stress relieving hobby.” 可知，音乐有利于健康，并有助于缓解压力，所以选 D项。语法填空Ⅲ(2018·杭州诊断)The IMA Blood Bank 1.____________(set) up in 1995 with a goal that no needy patient should ever die due to lack 2.____________blood in Dehradun and its surrounding areas.Deeply 3.____________(move) by the pain and suffering of a child who was being taken to Delhi with a bleeding leg wrapped in plastic bags, 4.____________(simple) because there was no blood bank in Dehradun, Dr.Dipak started a movement to create a blood bank by engaging(联合) with the local community.5.____________began as a small activity has taken the shape of an inspiring institution of international standards.Due to the huge voluntary support from the local people, the blood bank has enough blood to function round 6.____________clock to serve the local patients.7．____________(help) more people in India, the IMA Blood Bank has also developed a team to educate the public about blood donation.They are trying to make people understand that donating blood is one of the highest 8.____________(form) of charity.It can be donated by almost any adult who is 9.____________(health)．It is safe to donate every three to six months because blood is recovered very quickly in the body.Meanwhile, the media plays a major role in 10.____________(create) a higher level of awareness about blood donation.This will encourage more and more people to donate blood voluntarily.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 IMA血库建立的目的以及运转情况。1．was set 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，动词 set与主语“The IMA Blood Bank”之间是被动关系；又因为时间状语是“in 1995”，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故用 was set。2．of 解析：考查介词。此处是介词用于固定短语中，lack of sth.意为“缺少，缺乏” 。故用 of。3．moved 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句型结构分析可知，动词 move与句子的主语“Dr. Dipak”之间是被动关系，即 Dr. Dipak被深深地感动了，所以用过去分词作状语，表示被动。故用 moved。4．simply 解析：考查词性转换。simple 是形容词，意为“简单的” ；simply 是副词，意为“简单地，仅仅” 。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰原因状语从句，意为“仅仅因为……” 。故用 simply。5．What 解析：考查名词性从句。根据句型结构分析可知， “________began as a small activity”是一个主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以用 what；又因为是句首，所以要注意首字母大写。故用 What。6．the 解析：考查冠词。此处是定冠词用于固定短语中，round the clock意为“日夜不停地” 。故用 the。7．To help 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式置于句首，表示目的。故用6To help。注意首字母大写。8．forms 解析：考查名词复数。form 是可数名词，意为“形式” 。因为 form前有“one of”修饰，所以要用复数形式。故用 forms。9．healthy 解析：考查词性转换。health 是名词，意为“健康” ；healthy 是形容词，意为“健康的” 。be 动词后接形容词作表语。故用 healthy。10．creating 解析：考查非谓语动词。create 在此处作介词“in”后面的宾语，所以要用动名词的形式。故用 creating。