1、初中英语语法 -复合句本部分内容是中考中必考及常考考点。考点详解：从句的概念：一个句子在另一个句子中充当成分，充当什么成分就做什么状语。1、宾语从句1、宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句是陈述句时，常用 that 引导，that 无意义，在口语中和非正式与中常省略。如：The teacher tells us (that) we will have an English test tomorrow. 如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用 if 或 whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，但从句中有 or not 或从句充当介词的宾语时，只用 whether。如：I dont know ifw
2、hether she will come here.Sorry, I dont know whether he will come or not 宾语从句是特殊疑问词时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。如：Could you tell me where the post office is ?The teacher asked the students what they were doing.2、宾语从句的时态 主句的时态是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如：Do you know who was talking with at 8 oclock last night
3、? 主句的时态为一般过去时，从句的谓语动词要用相应的某一过去时态。如：He told me that he had been to England twice. 从句表示的是客观真理、普遍现象，自然现象时，从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如She said the sun rises in the east.3、宾语从句的语序 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述句语序， “引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。如：I want to know when the train left. 由 do,does,did 构成的疑问句，在装换成宾语从句时，要去电 do,does,did,且从句中的谓语动词
4、要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如：Does he sing well ? The music teacher asked him.- The music teacher asked him if (whether) he sang well. 如果是 will,be , have ,can 组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词还原到谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如：Will you be free tomorrow ? She asked me.- She asked me if (whether) I would be free tomorrow.4、宾语从句的简化 当宾语
5、从句的主语和主句的主语相同时，且主句的谓语动词时hope，wish，decide ，agree ， choose 等时，从句可以简化为不定式。I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive you e-mail. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问句+不定式” 。She doesnt know what she should do next.=She doesnt know what to do next.5、否定转移在主从复合句中，
6、当主句的主语为第一人称时，谓语动词时 think，believe ，suppose 等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定形式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。I dont think he will come with you.2、状语从句类型 引导连词 例句时间状语从句when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon asYou didnt look very when you got up this morning.条件状语从句if , as long as , unless I ll stay at home i
7、f it rains tomorrow.原因状语从句because, since, as, for You cant go there alone because you are too young.目的状语从句So that, in order that Please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.结果状语从句sothatsuchthat Its so hot that we want to go swimming.让步状语从句thoughalthough, even if, wheneverEven though h
8、e is eighty, the man looks strong and healthy.比较状语从句than, asas, not asso.as He runs as fast as Mike.时间状语从句（1）当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句，表示将来的意义时，从句通常用一般将来时，简称“主将从现” 。如：Ill ring you as soon as I get up.(2)when 引导的时间状语从句，通常表示主句和从句的动作同时发生；before表示主句的动作发生在从句之前；after 则表示主句的动作发生在从句之后；as引导的时间状语从句，往往表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，不分先后
9、。(3)until 和 till 引导的时间状语从句。1 主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句用肯定形式，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到 untiltill 所表示的时间为止。如：Ill wait for you till you come to see me.2 主句的谓语动词时非延续性动词时，用否定形式表示主句的动作直到until 所表示的时间才发生。构成句式 not.until, 有时不用 not，而用其他如never， nothing 等表示否定意义的词。如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework.(4)since 引导的时间状语从句，
10、表示“自.以来” ，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。机构为：It has been.since+从句It is since+从句。如：I have worked in this school since I graduated from Beijing University.It is 10 years since I began to study English.条件状语从句(1)主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。如：Ill visit the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow.(2)如果 if 引导的条件状语从句所表示的前提或条件
11、将来可以实现或正在进行，从句要用现在完成时或进行时，主句通常用将来时。如：We will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it.(3)”祈使句+andor+陈述句”中，祈使句在意义上相当于一个条件状语从句。如：Use your head, and youll find a way.=If you use your head ,youll find a way.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常用 because、since、as 引导。这三个词所表示的语气依次减弱，用 why 提问用 because 来回答。如：I did
12、 that because she told me .(2)如果状语从句所表示的原因是人们已知的事实，就要用 since，而不用 as 或because。Since 在这里的意思是 “既然” 。如：Since you cant answer the question, you can ask someone for help.目的状语从句(1)引导目的状语从句的词或词组有 so that， in order that 等，谓语中常含有may，might ，can，could，will，would 等情态动词。如：He must get up early so that he can go to
13、 work on time.(2)当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可用 so as to, in order to .如：He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.=He worked day and night in order to succeed.结果状语从句(1)由 so.that, such.that 引导，其区别：1 So+adjadv+that2 Such+aan+(adj+)单数名词 +that3 Such+ （adj+）复数名词+that4 Such +(adj+)不可数名词+that5 So +adj+aan+
14、单数名词+that当名词前有 many 或 much 修饰时，用 so 而不用 such。如：She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.(2)so.that 句型的否定形式可用简单句 too.to 或 not.enough to 代替。The peach is so sour that we cant eat i
15、t.= The peach is too sour to eat.=The peach is not sweet enough to eat.3、定语从句含有定语从句的复合句的基本结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。定语从句的关系词的作用：关系词 作用 先行 词 例句that, who, whom主语、宾语 人 The foreigner who speaks good Chinese is from Canada.that, which主语、宾语 物 I wanted to know which school it was you went to .whose 宾语 人、 物 We dont l
16、ike the boy whose father is a manager.when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.where 状语 地点 This is where my mother works.why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?关系代词的用法一般情况下，that 既可指人又可指物，可以代替 who，whom 和 which，在从句中作主语，表语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放于介词后，作介词的宾语；which指物，在从句中作主语、表
17、语或谓语动词及介词的宾语；who 在从句中作主语、表语或宾语；whom 在从句中宾语；whose 在从句中作定语。如：A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health.先行词 主语 谓语 宾语定语从句修饰先行词Who 时关系代词，在丁定语从句中作主语。下列情况中，先行词指物时，只能用 that 引导，不能用 which：1、先行词时 all，little ，much，none，everything ，nothing 等不定代词时。Is there anything (that) you dont understand?Tom told hi
18、s mother all that had happened.2、当先行词有 the only，the very ，the last 等修饰时。This is the only book that I can find.3、当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。This is the best book that I have ever read.4、当先行词有 only，all，any 修饰时。I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.5、当主句是以疑问句 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。Which is the hote
19、l that you like best？关系代词的省略。一般情况下 that，which，whom 作宾语时可以省略，但以下情况不能省略：1、关系代词 which， whom 在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词谓语关系代词前时，不能省略。Ill never forget the day on which I joined the club.2、that，which，who 在从句中作主语时，不能省略。Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?关系副词的用法1、when 表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the year when you graduate from No.8 Middle School.2、why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的 reason一词。We dont know the reason why he was so sad.3、where 表示地点，在定语从句中地点状语。That is the school where I studied three years ago.This is the factory where my father works.先行词 地点状语 主语 谓语定语从句修饰先行词
