【KS5U推荐】第14周 科普知识类-试题君之周末培优君2018-2019学年高考英语 Word版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 第 14 周科普知识类阅读理解（测试时间：40 分钟，总分：60 分）班级：_ 姓名：_ 座号：_ 得分：_I.单项填空(每小题 1分，共 10分)从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _he should be able to be independent.A. which B. where C. whom D. when【答案】D2._more le

2、arned a man is, _more modest he usually becomes.A. The； the B.A； a C. The； a D.A； the【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。句意：一个人越博学，他通常会变得越谦逊。根据句子结构来判断，此句使用了“The+形容词/副词比较级.，the+形容词/副词比较级.“结构，意思是“越，越“。3.See, your computer has broken down again! It doesnt _sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dolla

3、rs.A. have B. make C. display D. bring【答案】B【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。句意：瞧，你的电脑又瘫痪了!为省几美元去买最便宜的品牌的电脑毫无意义可言。make sense“有意义，讲得通“。4.I wish I _at my sisters wedding last Tuesday， but I was on a business trip in New York then.A. will be B. would beC. have been D. had been【答案】D高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 【解析】考查

4、虚拟语气。句意：我希望上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。wish 后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，可用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。由句中时间状语“last Tuesday“和“then“可知，空处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故用过去完成时。5. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. need【答案】C【解析】A. must 必须 B. should 应该 C

5、. can 能 D. need 需要。句意:Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用 can，答案为 C。6. .I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.Im sorry, but he is not _ at the moment, for the meeting hasnt ended.A. busy B. active C. concerned D. available【答案】D【解析】句意：我想见怀特先生，我们有约。对不起，他现在没空，因为会议还没有结束。A.忙碌的；B. 积极的，

6、活跃的；C. 关心的；D. 有空的，可得到的。根据语境，故选 D。7.Thats why I help brighten peoples days. If you_, whos to say that another person will?A. didnt B. dontC. werent D. havent【答案】B8.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students_what is bothering them.A.to talk over B. talked overC. talk over D. having talked

7、over【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时，我会充当同学们的倾听者，为的是让他们能聊聊他们的烦心事。高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 此处用不定式作目的状语。故选 A。9.How is your table tennis these days? Still playing?_. I just dont seem to find the time these days.A. Thats right B. No， not muchC. Thats great D. Dont worry【答案】B10.They believe that there ar

8、e transport developments _ that will bring a lot of changes for the better.A. out of date B. out of orderC. around the clock D. around the corner【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。out of date“过时“；out of order“混乱“；around the clock“全天候“；around the corner“即将来临“。句意：他们相信交通发展即将来临，这将会带来很多好的变化。II.阅读理解(每小题 2.5分，共 10分)阅读下面短文，

9、从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outd

10、ated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from whe

11、n its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.

12、 And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you 高考资源网（ ） ，您

13、身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old devices we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop mo

14、nitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution (解决方案)? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what

15、would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.1. Wha

16、t does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly. 2. Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To u

17、pdate consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer.4. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them. B.

18、Take them apart. C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高、不环保。所以作者主张使用新电子设备。高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 2.D 【 解析】 细节理解题。 根据文章第二段中的 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology

19、 in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life 可知，Babbitts team研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选 D。4.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选 A。阅读理解题主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。因此科普知识类文章是每年的必考题。分析历年的科普类文章我们不难发现以下特

20、点：1.文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，语法结构简单，用语通俗。2.文章内容注重科技领域的新发现。内容新颖，从而使文章显得陌生，内容抽象复杂。3.命题方面注意对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推理判断。4.以人们的日常行为或饮食健康入手，探讨利弊，诠释过程，阐述概念。【高分秘笈】1. 先读文章 通读短文，把握文章大意，了解该短文是解释何种科学现象或科学道理的，抓住体现本文主题的关键词和关键句，提高阅读速度。2.把握结构 在阅读这类文章时要遵循此类文章的一般结构：导语、背景、主体和结尾。阅读时要注意开头和结尾，往往可以归纳出文中的中心思想。3.解决问题 学会解决 what/how/why等一类的问题，他

21、们是文章的关键，如果能够带着这些问题去阅读，则会更迅速地抓住文章的主题。III. 完形填空(每小题 1分，共 20分)阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 When I was fourteen I found Rocky. That spring day, I was catching fish with my grandfather when I 1 the faint(微弱的) crying and found the trembling wolf cub(小狼

22、). As I bent down, he moved 2 toward me. Little Rocky gained 3 after I fed a few drops of warm milk to him. Soon he was 4 and warm. My grandfather finally agreed to let me 5 him. That summer Rocky and I became 6 partners. We hunted the grasshoppers. And in the fall, we went to the nearest meadows(草地

23、) 7 field mice. The winter months were the happiest I could 8 . Often we would make a fire in the bushes. Rocky would 9 his head between his front paws, with his eyes on me 10 I told him stories. All the pleasure made me forget my Grandpas repeated 11 , and one night I left Rocky unchained. The foll

24、owing morning I was told Rocky had 12 a rooster. My grandpa decided to return Rocky to nature, but it was 13 for me to lose him. For the next two years I was very busy, but I would 14 wonder if Rocky remembered me. Easter came early that year and during the holidays I went to 15 my cousins. On my wa

25、y home, it began to snow heavily. I had to 16 for the night in the forest and hoped that by morning the storm would have 17 . The next day I realized the storm was even 18 . Unfortunately I found two wolves waiting to attack me. Then I heard a 19 to my side and turned my head. It was Rocky, and he h

26、ad driven off the others. I cried and hugged him 20 . At last I was saved. 1.A. felt B. made C. performed D. heard2.A. strongly B. quickly C. weakly D. happily3.A. strength B. time C. trust D. support4.A. tired B. full C. hungry D. nervous5.A. watch B. keep C. observe D. notice6.A. hunting B. fishin

27、g C. driving D. riding7.A. in charge of B. in case of C. in search of D. in control of8.A. choose B. see C. wish D. remember9.A. lie B. lay C. scratch D. shake10.A. before B. after C. because D. as11.A. stories B. warnings C. sayings D. promises高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 12.A. kicked B. trea

28、sured C. beaten D. killed13.A. hard B. easy C. nice D. useful14.A. yet B. already C. still D. never15.A. carry B. visit C. move D. adopt16.A. spend B. waste C. stand D. camp17.A. continued B. remained C. stopped D. frozen18.A. more B. worse C. stricter D. sharper19.A. noise B. cry C. shout D. sob20.

29、A. officially B. regularly C. disappointedly D. tightly【文章大意】一年春天，作者和爷爷钓鱼的时候，救了一只小狼，作者叫它 Little Rocky。从此他们之间开始了一段感人的故事。1.D 【解析】 考查动词。根据后面的 “the faint(微弱的 ) crying”可知，此处指作者听到了微弱的哭叫声。A. felt感觉，认为；触摸； B. made制造，制定；使成为； C. performed表演，表现；D. heard听见。故选 D。3.A 【解析】考查名词。根据后面的“after I fed a few drops of warm

30、 milk to him. ”可知，Little Rocky吃完东西后有了力量。A. strength力量，长处；B. time时间，次数；C. trust信任；D. support 支持。故选 A。4.B 【解析】 考查形容词。此处指 Little Rocky很快就吃饱了。身体也暖和起来了。 A. tired疲倦的，厌倦的；B. full 完全的，完整的；C. hungry 饥饿的，渴望的；D. nervous 紧张的。故选 B。5.B 【 解析】考查动词。根据后面的“That summer Rocky and I became 1 partners. ”以及后面的描述可知，爷爷同意作者留下

31、饲养 Little Rocky。A. watch观察；注视；B. keep保持，保存；C. observe观察；遵守；D. notice 注意到。故选 B。6.A 【 解析】考查动词。根据后面的“We hunted the grasshoppers. ”可知，作者和 Little Rocky 成为了共同狩猎的伙伴。A. hunting打猎；搜索；B. fishing钓鱼；C. driving开车；促使；D. riding骑马；乘车。故选 A。7.C 【解析】考查介词短语。此处指“我们”一起到草地去寻找田鼠。A. in charge of负责；主管；B. 高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎

32、广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 in case of万一，假使；C. in search of 寻找；D. in control of 控制。故选 C。8.D 【解析】考查动词。此处指作者的回忆。A. choose 选择；B. see 看到；C. wish 希望；D. remember记着。故选 D。9.B 【解析】考查动词。这里是说 Little Rocky把头置于两个前腿间，指它趴着。A. lie 位于，撒谎；B. lay躺下；产卵；搁放；C. scratch 抓；刮； D. shake 摇晃。故选 B。10.D 【解析】考查连词。句意：当我给它讲故事的时候，他两眼看着我。A. before

33、在之前；B. after在之后；C. because 因为；D. as 因为，正如，尽管，当时候。故选 D。11.B 【解析】考查名词。根据后面的 “one night I left Rocky unchained. The following morning I was told Rocky had 2 a rooster. ”可知，作者忘记了爷爷的警告：Rocky 是只狼。A. stories故事；B. warnings 警告； C. sayings 谚语；D. promises 诺言。故选 B。12.D 【解析】考查动词。Rocky 杀死了一只鸡。A. kicked踢蹬，踢；B. tre

34、asured珍惜；C. beaten敲打；D. killed 杀死，消磨。故选 D。13.A 【解析】考查形容词。作者已经和 Rocky建立了感情，爷爷决定把它放归于自然，作者肯定感到很难以接受要失去它的事实。A. hard困难的；B. easy容易的；C. nice好的；D. useful有用的。故选 A。14.C 【解析】考查副词。句意：在接下来的两年间，我很忙，但是我仍然在考虑 Rocky是否还会记得我。A. yet然而；B. already 已经；C. still 仍然；D. never 从不。故选 C。17.C 【解析】考查动词。因为大雪，作者要在森林里扎营住宿，等待雪停了再赶路。A

35、. continued 继续；B. remained待在，仍然是；C. stopped 停止；D. frozen 冻住。故选 C。18.B 【解析】 考查形容词。根据上下文可知，此处指暴风雪下得更厉害了。A. more更多的；B. worse更坏的，更严重；C. stricter 更严格的；D. sharper 更锋利的，更灵敏的。故选 B。19.A 【解析】考查名词。此处指“我”听到身边有响动。 A. noise噪音；B. cry哭；C. shout呼喊；D. sob啜泣，呜咽。故选 A。20.D 【解析】考查副词。Rocky 救了作者的命，作者很感动，再加上对它的思念，紧紧地抱住了 Roc

36、ky 。A. officially 正式地；官方地；B. regularly 定期地；有规律地；C. disappointedly 失望地；D. tightly紧紧地；坚固地。故选 D。高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 IV.语法填空(每小题 1分，共 10分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。No one loves me more than my parents, especially my father. My father is stout and strong, 1 a severe look on his face

37、 and keen expressive eyes. At first sight you may feel him hard 2 ( approach ). In fact he is very kind and considerate. I believe my father is a 3 ( talent ) man. He is decisive and efficient in doing things. By his own talents and years of efforts, he 4 ( provide ) his family with a good social po

38、sition and a 5 ( relative ) rich life. Besides, he lives in harmony with others and never quarrels with anyone, so people from all walks of life come to my home, from 6 Ive gained lots of social experiences. But at home he is a strict parent who is hard on me and has high 7 ( expectation ) of me. I

39、can see that my idling away time 8 ( hurt ) him deeply, while if I have done something great and meaningful, such as 19_ ( write ) a book, he will be more excited than me. I always remind 10 ( me ) I must go on and on, and never shall I give up halfway.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述父亲是一个结实健壮的人，友好善良，用自己的天赋和努力为家人创

40、造了好的生活，但是父亲对我严格，期待很高。我将不会辜负父亲的厚望，一定努力，决不不半路放弃。1.with 【解析】考查介词。with有；拥有。句意：我的父亲是结实健壮的，脸上神色严肃 ，有着一双锐利而富有友情的眼睛。故填 with。2.to approach 【解析】考查不定式。to approach 作状语修饰 hard，形容词后不定式作状语，him 是不定式的逻辑宾语，用不定式的主动形式表示被动。故填 to approach。4.has provided 【解析】考查动词。句意：用自己的天赋和多年的努力，父亲为全家提供了好的社会地位和相对富裕的生活。根据语境可知，提供这一动作指过去发生的动

41、作对现在造成的结果，用现在完成时。主语是第三高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 人称单数。故填 has provided。5.relatively 【解析】考查副词。relatively相对地修饰 rich作状语，作状语用副词。故填 relatively。6.whom 【解析】考查定语从句。from _6_ Ive gained lots of social experiences作定语修饰 all walks of life，作介词宾语，指人，用关系代词 whom。故填 whom。7.expectations 【解析】考查名词。句意：但是在家里，他是一个对我

42、要求严格的严厉的父亲，对我有很高的期望。形容词 high修饰名词，expectation期望是可数名词。故填 expectations。8.hurts 【解析】考查动词。句意：我明白我虚度的时间深深伤害了他。讲述现在的事情，且主语是第三人称单数。故填 hurts。9.writing 【解析】考查词性转化。 such as诸如，as 是介词，介词后跟动名词作宾语。故填 writing。V.短文改错 (每小题 1分，共 10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加

43、一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词；2. 只允许修改 10处，多者(从第 11处起)不计分。As the saying goes, chance favored the prepared mind. I learned this from one of my experience.高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 I was not chosen as member of the volleyball team of our sc

44、hool. Because of this, I decided to give up play volleyball. Luckily, my best friend stopped me but pointed out that it was my laziness and poor preparation which led to my failure. After that, I practiced playing volleyball on every day. When another tryout arrived, I was full prepared and tried my

45、 best. As a result, I was selected and became an important player on our school team.From this, I am firmly convincing that we are able to seize a chance as long as I get well prepared.【答案】As the saying goes, chance the prepared mind. I learned this from one of myfavoreds.exprincsI was not chosen as

46、 member of the volleyball team of our school. Because of this, I adecided to give up volleyball. Luckily, my best friend stopped me pointed out plying butandthat it was my laziness and poor preparation led to my failure. After that, I whictapracticed playing volleyball every day. When another chance

47、 of trying out arrived, I was oprepared and tried my best. As a result, I was selected and became an important player fulyon our school team.From this, I am firmly that we are able to seize a chance as long as get conviged Iwewell prepared.【解析】第四处：play 改为 playing 考查非谓语动词。give up 后要跟动名词作宾语，所以用 playin

48、g。第五处：but 改为 and 考查连词。根据句意：幸运的是我最好的朋友阻止我且之处，前后并列。高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 第六处： which改为 that 考查连词。此处为强调句性，其结构为 it+be +被强调部分+that/who.，所以改为 that。第七处： 删掉 on考查介词。every day“每天”前面不用介词。第八处：full 改为 fully 考查副词。修饰形容词用副词，所以用 fully。第九处：convincing 改为 convinced考查形容词。句意：我真的感到很信服，且此处为“人感到信服”，所以改为 convinced。第十处：I 改为 we 考查代词。句意：只要我们做好准备就能抓住每一次的机会 ，所以应该用 we 。