1、高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 语法知识精讲一、考点梳理。1.根据语境考查不同连接词的辨析Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats_ the best jobs are.where 在此引导表语从句，表示“的地方” 。又如：This is where the river is the deepest.这是河流的最深处。This is where I first met her.这就是我初次与她会面的地方。2.考查 what 的用法(1)_matters most in learning English is en
2、ough practice. what 在此引导主语从句，相当于 the thing that。(2)_parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. what 在此引导主语从句，相当于 the thing that3.根据句法功能考查连接词的选用Choosing the right dictionary depends on_you want to use it for. what 用以引导宾语从句，用作介词 on 的宾语，其中的 what 在从句中用作介词 for 的宾语。4.考查 whatever 等的用法Coul
3、d I speak to_is in charge of International Sales, please? whoever 有两个主要用法：一是用于引导名词性从句，其意思相当于 the person who;二是用于引导状语从句，其意思相当于 no matter who。句中的 whoever 引导宾语从句，用作介词 to 的宾语，5.在复杂结构中考查名词性从句的使用Having checked the doors were closed, and_all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. that
4、 在此用于引导宾语从句，用作动词 check 的宾语。这是一个比较复杂的句子，句中的现在分词having checked 带有两个宾语从句(that) the doors were closed 和 that all the lights were off，只是前面一个宾语从句省略了引导词 that。6.考查同位语从句的运用A warm thought suddenly came to me_I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. 高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿
5、，稿酬丰厚。 that 在此引导同位语从句，修饰 A warm thought。此题的难点是 A warm thought 与其同位语从句被分离开了。二、要点点拨名词性从句必记考点一、that 从句1that 从句作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，常见的句型有：(1)It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good,wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that 从句。It is obvious to the students that they should
6、 get well prepared for their future.(2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that 从句。Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.不要惊奇，我们队本来就应赢得比赛。(3)It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that 从句。It is decided tha
7、t the meeting has been put off till nextMonday.根据决定这个会议已经被推迟到下周一。注意：在口语和非正式文体中that常可省略。在非常短的句子中，that总是不必要的。Its a pity (that) youre leaving.你要走，真遗憾。但that从句位于句首时，连接词that是绝对不能省略的。That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.我们被邀请去参加今夜的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。(4)以下情况用虚拟语气：，It is suggested/ad
8、vised/ordered/requested/required/insisted（坚持要，一定要）that sb. (should) do sth.It is necessary/important/strange/natural that sb. (should) do sth.2作动词的宾语(1)常见的可以接 that 从句作宾语的动词有 see，say，know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, make 等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如 think，make，consider高考资源网（ ） ，您身边
9、的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 等，可以用 it 作形式宾语，此时 that 不可省略。注意：一个句子中有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。(2)that 从句一般不能充当介词的宾语，偶尔可作 except，in，but 的宾语。He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在读书上。其他介词后面需要用 that 从句作宾语时，必须用 it 作形式宾语。You may depend on it tha
10、t I shall always help you.我会一直帮助你，你要相信这一点。3作形容词的宾语某些形容词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词有 sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等，连接词 that 可省略。Im afraid you dont understand what I said just now.我担心你没有明白我刚才说了什么。4作表语(1)连接词 that 不可省略。(2)主句的主语是 reason，则表语从句只能用 that 引导。(3)主句的主语是 advice，suggestion
11、，order，proposal 等时，表语从句应用“should+动词原形” ，should 可以省略。5作同位语The news that the plane will take off on time makes everyone happy.飞机将按时起飞的消息使每个人都很高兴。特别注意：that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别连接词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词之后。如 ：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news,problem，possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连接
12、词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。关系代词that引导定语从句时，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，但另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语或宾语。若作宾语，还可以省略。但是，引导同位语从句的that一般不能省略。The news that our football team won the match was really encouraging（同位语从句）我们的足球队赢得了比赛的消息真是鼓舞人心。高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 The news (that) we heard on the radio w
13、as not true.（定语从句）我们在收音机里听到的消息不是真的。【例】The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. that D. though【答案】C 【解析】本题考查间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是 the fact 和 that 引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。【例】News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beij
14、ing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where【答案】C二、wh-疑问从句1作主语，常用 it 作形式主语It has not been decided yet who will preside at the meeting.由谁来主持会议还没有确定。主语从句如果是用what，whatever，whoever等引导的，表示一个具体的东西或人，这种主语从句不能用it来替换。What he found interested me greatly. 他的发现使我很感兴趣。Whoever has finished may rest 谁完工了就可以休息。
15、【例】 A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for BeijingAhow BwhomCwhen Dwhich【答案】C【解析】本题对学生来说较难,不容易看的懂.本句意为”就在我准备去北京前,我儿时的一位好朋友到我家里来了.”2作直接宾语高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 特别注意：wh-疑问从句还可作介词的宾语，但if从句不能作介词的宾语。It all depends (on) how we solve the problem.这完全要看
16、我们如何解决这个问题。We are worrying about what we should do next.我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。3作表语【例】The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait tor her mother. A. where B. what C. how D. who 4作某些形容词的宾语You must be careful what you do.你必须小心你所做的事情。5作同位语The question why so many people would choose to li
17、ve in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.关于为什么这么多的人们将选择住在乡下而在城市工作的这个问题还在讨论中。三、名词性关系从句可主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。what= the thing(s) that/whichwhoever= anyone whowhichever= anyone/anything thatwhatever=anything thatwhere=the place wherewhen= the time when注
18、意：连接代词和连接副词一般都表疑问，但what，when，where等连接词有两种含义，一种表示疑问（即：什么，何时，何地），另一种表示陈述(即the thing that，the time when，the place where)。高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 【例】The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever 【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。此处从做介词 to 的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做
19、从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选 D。注意：名词性关系从句还可作介词的宾语。四、whether 和 if 在名词性从句中的区别。下列情况只用 whether 不用 if：1引导主语从句且置于句首时。2引导表语从句时。3引导同位语从句时。4引导宾语从句且前置时。5作动词 discuss 和介词的宾语时。6其后紧跟 or not 时。7其后跟不定式时。五、 “疑问词+ever”与“no matter+疑问词”的应用。1whatever，whoever 等既可以引导名词性从句，又可引导状语从句。 。引导名词性从句时，其主句缺主、宾、表、定语等，相当于 anything that，anyone
20、who 等；当引导状语从句时，其主句不缺任何成分，并且主句和从句通常用逗号隔开，相当于 no matter what, no matter who 等。“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，能和“疑问词+ever”结构互换。但不能引导名词性从句，no matter 不能单独使用。2what，who 等与 whatever，whoever 等的区别在于：what， who 等是指具体的东西或人；用whateverwhoever 等是表示任何一个事物或人，无范围可言，语气比前者强烈得多。【例】She is very dear to us. We have been prepare
21、d to do it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever【答案】C三、误区警示、高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 典型陷阱题分析1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant.A. that B. what C. that that D. what what【陷阱】可能误选 B.许多同学一看选项首先就排除了 C 和 D，认为这样两个“引导词”叠
22、用的情况不太可能。在 A 和 B 两个选项中，选项 A 肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了 B.【分析】正确答案选 D.第一个 what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个 what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。2. After _ had happened he could not c
23、ontinue to work there.A. which B. how C. what D. having【陷阱】可能误选 A.3.“Is _ you want to say？” asked the teacher.A. this B. that C. all that D. that all【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选 A 或 B.【分析】最佳答案选 D.假若选 A 或 B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is 与 want 相冲突。选 D 组成的句子是 Is that
24、all you want to say？ 其中的 that 为句子主语，all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰 all.4. “When _ leave for Japan？” “When _ leave for Japan is kept secret.”A. they will, will they B. will they, they willC. they will, they will D. will they, will they【陷阱】可能误选 D，认为 when 后应用疑问句词序。【分析】最佳答案选 B.第一个 when 引出的是一个特殊疑问句，故
25、用疑问词序；第二个 when 引出的是主语从句，故其后用陈述句词序。 高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _.A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】此题最佳答案为 D.首先可以排除 A 和 C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面，但按英语习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，要用代词 it，而不用 he 或 she 等。比较以下两句Mr Smith
26、 is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代词 he；而第二句因前面用的是不定代词 someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词 it 来指代。 【即时巩固】1.【2018北京】11. Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why【答案】C2.【
27、2018北京】15. This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. how B. which C. that D. what【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。 “_ my father has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中做 teach 的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理” ，故该从句应用 what 引导。D 选项正确。引导名词性从句时，how 表方式，意为“如何” ；which 意为“哪一个”，that
28、在只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。点睛：what 是常见的名词性从句引导词之一，它除了引导从句作用之外，还在从句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语。根据不同的语境，what 可以表示不同的意思，例如“的东西或事情” ， “的人或样子”高考资源网（ ） ，您身边的高考专家欢迎广大教师踊跃来稿，稿酬丰厚。 等。3.【2018天津】9. The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句
29、连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用 whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁” 。故选 C。点睛：分析句子可知，空格处做 be awarded to 的宾语，同时在后面的从句中做主语，再根据句意可知，这里主语指人，故用 whoever。4.【2018江苏】21. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.A. where B. whenC. why D. how【答案】D点睛：本题考查表语。首先需要弄清句意及分析句子结构，然后根据前句 By boat is the only way to get here 提示可知作方式状语，就不难选出正确答案。【短文改错】【2016全国新课标 I】短文改错（10 分） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.1. that where 考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语，根据句意判断此处表示地点。故把 that 改为 where。
