1、专题七名词性从句,-2-,基础考法,能力考法,考法1考查名词性从句的引导词 名词性从句的引导词有连接代词、从属连词、连接副词等。考查点主要有:(1)当名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语时,可根据意义选用连接代词what,who,whom,which,whatever,whose等。【典型例题1】(2017全国卷改编)I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see news the night might bring.解析:see后面跟宾语从句,根据句意“我回家看看晚上有什么新闻”可知应用what。考法
2、总结分析句子结构可知,what做定语,修饰news。,-3-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题2】(2013全国卷改编)Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.解析:句意:警方已经发现了看起来像那尊丢失的古代雕像的东西。动词found后为宾语从句,从句中缺少主语且指物,故用what引导。答案为what。考法总结设空处无提示词,且空前found和空后appears均为谓语动词形式,考虑此处为从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导的是宾语从句;再分析从句的结构可知,从句中缺少主语,且指代的是物,可判断答案为what。,-4-
3、,基础考法,能力考法,(2)名词性从句的从属连词that,if或whether也是高考的热点。that在从句中不做成分,无实际意义;而if和whether有实际意义,但在从句中也不做成分。【典型例题3】(2016北京卷改编)Your support is important to our work. you can do helps.解析:句意:您的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论您能做什么都会有所帮助。主语从句中缺少动词do的宾语。故用Whatever。考法总结分析句子成分可知,helps是谓语,you can do是主语部分,即主语从句,在主语从句中,do后缺少宾语。,-5-,基础考法,能力考
4、法,【典型例题4】(2016北京卷改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.解析:句意:雨季最令人愉快的事情是人们可以完全远离尘埃的烦扰。从句成分缺少连接词。故填that。考法总结分析表语从句的句子成分可知,从句中的主语是one,can be是复合谓语,free from dust是形容词短语做表语,句子是“主系表”结构;不缺成分,故用连词that引导。,-6-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题5】(2016天津卷改编)The manager put forward a
5、 suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.解析:句意:经理提出了一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有很多工作要做。设空处后的从句解释说明suggestion的内容。故用that。考法总结第一个句子结构完整,主句宾语为a suggestion,后面的内容是对suggestion的补充说明,因此需用that连接,that不做任何成分,that引导同位语从句,因此这里的suggestion就是we should have an assistant。,-7-,基础考法,能力考法,(3)名词性从句的连接副词when
6、,where,why与how是考查的重点,要根据上下文语境判断。连接副词也有实际意义,引导词在句中做时间状语时用when;做地点状语时用where;做原因状语时用why;做方式状语时用how。【典型例题6】(2015全国卷)As natural architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.解析:根据语境和空后的形容词thick可知应用how引导宾语从句,表示程度。此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“
7、多”厚。故答案为how。考法总结“引导词+thick”做needed to be的表语,引导词在从句中做状语,修饰thick。故用how。,-8-,基础考法,能力考法,考法2考查以it做形式主语或形式宾语时的名词性从句的引导词如果主语从句较长,常用it做形式主语,而把主语从句置于句末;如果宾语从句之后带有宾语补足语,可用it做形式宾语,而把宾语从句置于句末。【典型例题7】(2014山东卷改编)It is difficult for us to imagine life was like for slaves in the ancient world.解析:句意:对于我们来说,很难想象古代奴隶的
8、生活是什么样子的。设空处引导从句,做imagine的宾语,且在从句中做介词like的宾语,指代事物。故答案为what。考法总结句中it做形式主语,而主语从句中缺少主语,结合后面的was like可知填what。,-9-,基础考法,能力考法,考法1识别名词性从句的种类(1)首先确定主句的谓语动词,确定主句的主谓结构。(2)分析从句在主句中所充当的成分,确定从句所属类型:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。考法2分析从句结构,确定从句引导词确定从句的结构和意义是否完整,结合句意填写适当的连接词。(1)若从句结构完整,用从属连词:陈述事实用that;表示疑问“是否”用if或whether。(
9、2)若从句缺少主语、宾语或表语,则考虑用连接代词。(3)若从句缺少状语,则用连接副词。另外,还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如if,whether,because,as if等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。,-10-,基础考法,能力考法,【典型例题】(2013山东卷改编)Its good to know the dogs will be well cared for while were away.解析:句意:得知当我们外出时这些狗将会得到很好的照顾,这太好了。分析句子结构可知,it在句中做形式主语,不定式结构做真正的主语;动词know之后为宾语从句,且从句中不缺少成分。故用th
10、at引导。,-11-,1.This year is very special because its we call “a leap year”.2.Lets go on with the discussion from we left off yesterday.,what考查表语从句。句意:今年是特殊的一年,因为今年我们称之为“闰年”。空处引导表语从句且表语从句中call缺少宾语。故用what。,where考查宾语从句。句意:让我们从昨天中断的地方继续讨论吧。分析句子结构可知,介词from后面接宾语从句,且空处在句中做地点状语,所以用where。,-12-,3.Most of us hat
11、e it someone talks with his mouth full of food.,when考查宾语从句。句意:我们中的大多数人都讨厌别人满嘴食物时说话。分析句子结构可知,it为形式宾语,代替when引导的宾语从句。,4.Even today scientists still have no solid evidence there are living creatures in outer space or not.,whether考查同位语从句。句意:即使是今天科学家仍没有可靠的证据证明外太空是否有生物。whether在句中引导同位语从句,表示“是否”。,-13-,5. Dav
12、id used to say was always new and worth hearing and all his pupils loved him.6.The old couple gave attended their Diamond Wedding Anniversary some gifts to share their happiness.,What考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句,在从句中做say的宾语。故填What。,whoever考查宾语从句。句意:这对老夫妇给所有参加他们60周年结婚纪念日的人一些礼物来分享他们的幸福。分析句子结构可知,gave后面是宾语从句,宾语从句中缺少
13、主语,指的是人,表示“无论谁”。故用whoever。,-14-,7.It suddenly occurred to Rose she hadnt turned off the TV after leaving the room.8.My mother thinks that every girl should learn to dance,and this is I disagree.,that考查主语从句。句意:离开房间后,罗斯突然想起她没有关电视机。分析句子结构可知,It为形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。,where考查表语从句。句意:我的母亲认为每个女孩儿都应该学跳舞,这一
14、点我不同意。分析句子成分可知,空处在此引导表语从句,根据句意可知应填where,表示“在该情况下”,在从句中做地点状语。,-15-,9.Tina is much more confident behind the wheel thanshe was when she started.,what考查宾语从句。此处表示“比起开始时的状况,Tina坐在方向盘后感觉更自信了”。空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中做表语。,10.Mr Smith went to London for a fashion show last week.That washe had a few days off.,why考查表语从
15、句。句意:史密斯先生上周去伦敦看时装表演了。那就是他请了几天假的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,且根据语境可知,前面的句子是后面句子的原因,故应用why来引导该表语从句。注意,要是填because的话,即表示后面的句子是前面的句子的原因,明显不符合此处的逻辑关系。,-16-,1.(2016全国卷改编)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.2.When my parents got home,I asked if or not I could keep the dog and to my s
16、urprise they agreed.3.The best time of Elizas senior school year is that she won first prize in English Speaking & Talent Competition.,howwhat考查宾语从句。分析句子可知,are talking about后为宾语从句,且从句中do缺少宾语,故将how改为what。,ifwhether考查宾语从句。根据or not可知,此处应用whether引导宾语从句,构成whether or not的固定用法。,thatwhen考查表语从句。句意:伊莱扎高中最好的时光
17、就是当她在英语演讲风采大赛上拿到一等奖的时候。根据前面的time可知,此处表示时间,故要将that改为when。,-17-,4.Most parents fear computer games will prevent their children from studying hard and their children will fail in the examination.5.When Eric got home,I hesitated for a moment and told him that truly happened.,and后加that考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处f
18、ear后有两个that引导的宾语从句,第一个宾语从句中的that可以省略,第二个that不可省略,故在and后加that。,thatwhat考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,him后为宾语从句,且宾语从句中缺少主语,故应用what。,-18-,6.The reason is because some students have to get up early on weekdays to go to school far away from home.,becausethat考查表语从句。The reason is that.意为“原因是”,为固定句型。在该句型中,that引导表语从句,在句中不
19、充当任何成分。故将because改为that。,7.The woman said what she didnt know how to deal with the matter.,whatthat或删除what考查宾语从句。句意:这位女士说她不知道怎样处理这件事。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,应用that引导宾语从句,that可省略。,-19-,8.I once wondered that my wise father could be taken in by my stupid lie.9.The notice came around two in the afternoon the meet
20、ing would be postponed until next week.,thatwhy考查宾语从句。句意:我对聪明的父亲竟然被我这种愚蠢的谎言所欺骗感到疑惑。根据该句中的wondered可知,应用why引导宾语从句。,afternoon后加that考查同位语从句。分析句子成分可知,afternoon后是同位语从句,解释说明notice的具体内容,从句不缺少成分,应用that引导,引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略,故加上that。,-20-,10.What the players didnt have a good rest shouldnt be an excuse for los
21、ing the game.,WhatThat考查主语从句。句意:选手没有休息好不应该是输掉这场比赛的借口。分析句子结构可知,应用That引导主语从句,that在从句中不做任何成分,只起引导作用。,-21-,The best time to see beautiful lanterns is during the Lantern Festival,1. falls on the 15th day of the first lunar month,2.(mark) the end of Spring Festival celebrations.Watching lanterns is a grea
22、t 3.(active).You see lanterns in any sizes and shapes you can imagine,from animals to plants and flowers.4.(make) it more fun,people paste riddles on the lanterns.In some places,people like releasing sky lanterns,which 5.(call) kongmingdeng.A sky lantern is a small hot air balloon made of paper,6. a
23、n opening at the bottom where there is a small fire source.When the bright lights fly high in the sky,people bless family members 7. make wishes.,-22-,In old times,the Lantern Festival was also romantic.At that time,young girls were not allowed to go out very often except during certain festivals.8.
24、,looking at lanterns gave young people a chance to meet each other.A line from Xin Qiji,9. poet during the Song Dynasty,shows this:“Restlessly,I searched for her in thousands and hundreds of ways.10.(sudden) I turned,and there she was in the receding light.”,-23-,【解题导语】本文主要讲述了元宵节赏花灯的一些情况,并介绍了古代人在元宵节
25、的活动。1.which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词the Lantern Festival,且在从句中做主语,应用which引导该从句。故填which。2.marking考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,元宵节标志着春节庆祝活动的结束;分析句子逻辑关系可知,动词mark与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系,应用mark的-ing形式。故填marking。3.activity考查名词。根据空前的冠词a和形容词great可知,空处应用active的名词形式且用单数。故填activity。4.To make考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处应用动词不定式短语To make
26、it more fun做目的状语。故填To make。注意首字母大写。,-24-,5.are called考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述了一种客观情况,应用一般现在时;分析句子结构可知,which引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词sky lanterns,且与从句的谓语动词call之间构成动宾关系,应用被动语态;sky lanterns为复数名词。故填are called。6.with考查介词。根据语境可知,天灯是用纸做的一个小小的热气球,底部有一个开口,那里有一个小的火源。此处应用with的复合结构,在句中做伴随状语。with意为“和在一起,具有”。故填with。7.and考查并列连
27、词。根据语境可知,当明亮的孔明灯飞到高空时,人们就会祝福家人并且许愿。bless family members和make wishes是两个并列的动作,应用并列连词and连接。故填and。,-25-,8.Therefore/Thus考查副词。根据语境可知,古时候,除了一些节日外,年轻女孩不允许外出。因此,看花灯成了年轻人见面的一个机会。前后句构成因果关系,应用therefore或thus连接。故填Therefore/Thus。注意首字母大写。9.a考查冠词。此处应用不定冠词a表泛指,指辛弃疾是一位诗人,a poet做Xin Qiji的同位语。故填a。10.Suddenly考查副词。此处应用sudden的副词形式修饰动词turned,表示“突然转身”。故填Suddenly。注意首字母大写。,
