1、“我们一起研究高考 “英语高考第 II卷 第二节 书面表达（ 25分） To strive for your success in writing 2007-2017十年高考全国卷作文体裁分析类 型 次 数 我省考卷时间邀请信 4 2015,2012介绍信 3 2009(介绍地点 )求助信 3 2013（卖中国结） 2016咨询信 2求职类、申请信 2祝贺、感谢信 .道歉 2 建议信 2 2008， 2011投诉信 1招聘广告 、通知类 1 2010， 2007， 2017便签、留言条 1议论文 1想象类 1 2014高考英语评分原则：1. 本题总分为 25分，按 5个档次 给分。2. 评分时
2、，先根据文章的 内容和语言 初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3.词数 少于 80和 多于 120的，从总分中 减去2分。4. 评分时应注意的主要内容为： 内容要点 ，应用词汇 和 语法结构 的 丰富性 和 准确性及上下文的 连贯性 。高考英语评分原则：5. 拼写与标点符号 是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，应视其对交际影响的程度予以考虑。英，美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6. 如 书写较差 以至影响交际，将其 分数降低一个档次 。7. 语言首先要求准确通顺。8. 鼓励写出新颖词汇，顺畅连接和复杂结构。英语各档次的给分范围和要求第五档 (很好 );(21-25分
3、 ) 1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 2. 覆盖所有内容要点。 3. 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。 4. 语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致 ;具备较强的语言运用能力。 5. 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。 6. 完全达到了预期的写作目的。第四档 (好 )： (16-20分 ) 1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务。 2. 虽漏掉 1、 2个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容。 3. 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。 4. 语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。 5. 应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑
4、。 6. 达到了预期的写作目的。第三档 (适当 )： (11-15分 ) 1. 基本完成了试题规定的任务。 2. 虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。 3. 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。 4. 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。 5. 应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。 6. 整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。第二档 (较差 )： (6-10分 ) 1. 未恰当完成试题规定的任务。 2. 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。 3. 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。 4. 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。 5. 较少使用语句间的连
5、接成分，内容缺少连贯性。 6. 信息未能清楚地传达给读者。第一档 (差 )： (1-5分 ) 1. 未完成试题规定的任务。 2. 明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。 3. 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。 4. 较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。 5. 缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。 6. 信息未能传达给读者。What is a good writing？A good composition1.neat writing书写2. content内容3. structure结构4. language语言Good first impressionEver
6、ything required included Well organized and smoothly developedNo ChinglishNoGrammatical mistakes 无遗漏信息点，即要点全面 篇章条理清晰：分段和过渡词 句式复杂多样 地道的高级词汇和恰当的词组structure1.称呼 :Dear Sir or Madam, 2.开头语 the beginning （空四个字母的距离） (自我介绍或问候，写信的目的 )sentence)3.正文 body具体问题 +具体分析4. 结束语 客套话（complimentary close） 5.签名 （ signatur
7、e） (右下角 )口诀：开门见山说意图 咨询建议 123 感谢客气不可少 期待回信成老套 I.【 审题谋篇 】 How to design a composition 1.文体（ 书信或邮件 ）。2. 人称： 第一人称 first person3. 时态： 一般现在时 present tense4. 写作要点 （ 列提纲 ） 1.认真审题2. 词汇准备 定关键词，短语， 关联词3. 定句式 ，多种句式，如强调句、倒装句、各种名词性从句、 定语从句 、状语从句和固定句型，非谓语动词4.三段式1.写信 目的2. 要点（ 1， 2， 3）3.总 述 /客套 用语（期望 /请求 /感激）Ways of
8、 embellishing the sentences1.他昨天下午来的。2.令她吃惊的是，小女孩知道这么多事情。 巧用多种结构增强句子的表现力1. He came here yesterday afternoon.2. He didnt come here until yesterday afternoon.3. Not until yesterday afternoon did he come here.4. It was yesterday afternoon that he came here.1. He is surprised that the little girl knows
9、so many things.2. To his surprise , the little girl knows so many things.3. What astonished him is that the little girl knows so many things.1. Susan was ill in hospital. She couldnt go to the concert. 2. The professor entered the hall. His students followed him. 3. He wants to improve his spoken En
10、glish. He often talks with the native speakers.(一 ) 、非谓语动词的使用Being ill in hospital, Susan couldnt go to the concert.The professor entered the hall,followed by his stduents.In order to improve his spoken English, he often talks with the native speakers. Aimed at improving4. They havent completed the
11、program. They have to stay there for another two weeks .5. We are faced with so much trouble , so we failed to complete the task on time . Not having completed the program, they have to stay there for two weeksFaced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time . 巧用多种结构增强句子的表现力1. He d
12、idnt realize his danger until he was left alone.2.We can save the animals by changing the plants we eat. 3.She is clever but she never works hard.4. The clock tower stands on the other side of the street. Not until, he was left alone did he realize his danger.Only by changing the plants we eat can w
13、e saveClever as she is, she never works hard.二、倒装句的 使用 On the other side of the street stands the clock tower.将陈述句改为倒装句。5. I could hardly understand the importance of English at that time. Hardly could I understand the importance of English at that time. 1. He didnt realize his danger until he was l
14、eft alone.2. The teachers words encouraged her greatly. 三、强调句的使用It was not until he was left alone that he realised his danger.It was the teachers words that encouraged her greatly.It is the Super Girl Competition that makes girls gain confidence. 3 The Super Girl Competition makes girls gain confid
15、ence三、 将简单句改为强调句1. Smoking did great harm to his health. It was smoking that did great harm to his health. 2. Our money is earned through hard work by our parents.It is through hard work that our money is earned by our parents.3. He went there yesterday.He did go there yesterday.1. To our surprise,
16、he refused to take the position.2.I wont believe what he says. What surprised us was that he refused to take No matter what he say, I wont believe.四、从句的使用3.When he climbed up higher, he felt more breathless .The higher he climbed up , the more breathless he felt.4. We all know that China will host t
17、he 2008 Olympic Games.As is known to all, China will host the 2008 Olympic Games.1. The manager had many problems to solve. He looked worried. (with)2. When he arrived home , he found his house freshly painted.(on)With many problems to solve, the manager looked worried.五、介词短语的使用On his arrival home ,
18、 he found his house freshly painted. 1. People grow rice in the south of China. Rice is grown in the south of China. 2. They have printed one and a half million copies of the dictionary since 1986.One and a half million copies of the dictionary have been printed since 1986.六 、 主动句与被动句的互换。 使用高级词汇、词组以
19、增加文采 1. The tourists had to ask the villagers for help.The tourists had no choice but to ask the villagers for help.2The car was expensive .I cant afford it The car was so expensive that it was beyond my reach.3. I had a good idea. A good idea struck me./ I came up with a good idea./A good idea occu
20、rred to me./A good idea came to me.4.An interview is important to both the employer and the applicant5.Im sure our school is worth visiting 6.The building is being built.7. This is a difficult job.Great importance has been attached to an interview by both the employer and the applicant.Im sure our s
21、chool will offer a feast for your eyes.The building is under construction.This is a challenging job.1. Some of the students think it is no use going to college because it is _difficult to get _ jobs形容词和副词的使用extremely satisfactory 2. It is _ recommended that we should cultivate the good habit of taki
22、ng _ exercise3 we should not drink too much wine ,which will do _ harm to usregularstronglygreat4 We must pay attention to our appearance and good manners are important.5 With preparation and a _ confident and honest performance, our success will be ensured 6 In addition to the above ,taking part-ti
23、me jobs is also a way for college student to get money to pay part of his tuition7 She came _ to me, with a _ beautiful flower in her hand.equallycareful fairlycommon over pretty 一、表示进一步说明的过渡词 巧妙运用过渡词二、表示解释或说明（） and,also(也，同样，另外） ,too, as well（ ） besides（ in addition) ， additionally, still, whats mo
24、re, furthermore, moreover (3)whats worse/worse still(4) In that case（） for instance, for example, such as(2)In other words, that is (to say)(3)By the way(4)Strangely enough (说也奇怪，最奇怪的是）三、表示时间顺序 (1)later, later on, after that, afterwards, sooner or later(2)now, nowadays, at present/presently, recentl
25、y(3)while, menwhile, at the same time, just at that moment, here and now（眼下，立刻） , at once(4)before, after, until/ till, before long, shortly, by and by, in the future, in the near future, in future. after a while(5) To begin with, firstly/first, secondly/second, at first, first of all, then, next, f
26、inally,eventually, at last, in the end (6)gradually, suddenly, all of a sudden(7)from then on, from now on, (ever)since then四、表示转折和对比关系however, nevertheless, yet, while, whereas otherwise, on the contrary, instead,on the other hand, except for, unluckily, unfortunately（不幸的，令人遗憾的是）五、表示条件关系as (so) lon
27、g as, on condition that, if, unless六、表 示因果关系 now that, since, thanks to., due to., therefore, thus, as a result (of), then(那么，因而，于是）七、表示让步关系 as, even if, even though, whether .or. despite, in spite of, 八、表示强调 九、表示概括归纳 indeed, in fact, as a matter of fact, in actual fact, actually, surely, certainly,
28、 no wonder, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,(1)in a word, in short, in brief, (2)in general/generally speaking, on the whole(3)as far as I know, as we know, as is known to all, as has been stated(综上所述）， as has been said above（如上所述）(4)as far as I am concerned, in my opinion(5
29、)in conclusion(最后，总之）practice1) Liu Xiang is an excellent athlete. He won the first prize in Mens 110 Hurdle Race in the 2004 Olympic Games. _, _, won the first prize in Mens 110 Hurdle Race in the 2004 Olympic Games.2) The word is true. The president will give our school a speech. _ is true _ the p
30、resident will give our school a speech.Liu Xiang an excellent athleteIt that3) The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing, and its slogan is One World, One Dream, The 2008 Olympic Games, _4) In my opinion, the Great Wall and the Summer Palace are well worth visiting.In my opinion, the Great Wall
31、 and the Summer Palace _5) Yesterday, we went to the East Gate, and we bought a lot of clothes.Yesterday, we went to the East Gate, _One Dream, will be held in Beijing.are the two places which are well worth visiting.where we bought aWhose slogan is One World,lot of clothes.6) His wonderful performa
32、nce on the stage impressed me. most was his wonderful performance on the stage.7) It satisfied me. The dining hall provides us with a large variety of kinds of dishes. _ the dining hall provides us with a large variety of kinds of dishes.8) I learned from the story that as long as we have patience,
33、confidence and perseverance, we can realize our dreams. _ as long as we have patience, confidence and perseverance, we can realize our dreams.What satisfied me is thatWhat I have learnt from the story is thatWhat impressed me 9. Recently many students spend their money on unnecessary things. Different people have different opinions about it.Recently many students spend their money on unnecessary things, about different people have different opinions.10. Many boys learn to smoke. It does harm to their health.Many boys learn to smoke, _whichwhich does harm totheir health.
