1、选修8,Unit 22Environmental Protection,-3-,主题语境:世界与环境,-4-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,1.reserve vi.储备;保存;保留;预订n.保护区;储备;保留;储备金;储藏量高考佳句 Having created nine such ,Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3 of water.Norphel已经创建了九个这样的冰储备,计算出他已经储存了大约20万立方米的水。(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)(1)reserve sth for sb为某人保留/预定某物a nat
2、ure reserve自然保护区in reserve贮存;备用(2)reservation n.保留;预订(房间、座位等)make a reservation预订(座位、房间等)without reservation毫无保留地,ice reserves,-5-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)用reserve或其短语的恰当形式填空Could you for me in your city? 你能在你们城市为我预订一家宾馆吗?The government is planning to set up more .政府正计划建立更多的自然保护区。I will call the resta
3、urant and .我要给饭店打个电话预订桌位。(2)单句语法填空The power of imagination need not be reserved children only.想象的力量不必仅仅为儿童保留。(2013广东卷,阅读理解A篇),reserve a hotel,nature reserves,make a reservation,for,-6-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,2.beyond prep.超出adv.在远处高考佳句,though,further stress will only lead to exhaustion,illness and finally a
4、 breakdown.然而,超过某一点,进一步的压力将只会导致疲惫、疾病,最终导致崩溃。(2016上海卷,语法与词汇),Beyond a certain point,-7-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,beyond control无法控制beyond words难以言表,无法形容beyond compare无与伦比的beyond midnight午夜以后beyond sbs power某人力所不及的beyond ones imagination/description超乎想象/无法描述beyond belief/doubt令人难以置信/毫无疑问beyond repair/reach无法修理/
5、够不着Its beyond me why/what.我无法理解为什么/什么,-8-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)用beyond或其短语的恰当形式填空So,always try to live a little bit and youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.所以,总是努力超越一点你的能力去生活你将会发现你的能力比你曾梦想的更大。(2015天津卷,阅读理解D篇)How a woman can know anything about that is .一位女士竟然熟知那样的事情是我所不能理解的。
6、(2013福建卷,阅读理解D篇),(2)写作升级He told us his story which was what we couldnt imagine.满分表达 He told us his story .,beyond your abilities,beyond me,beyond our imagination,-9-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,3.claim vt.无资格得到 make a claim for对(赔偿等)提出要求,to claim the dog,-10-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)单句语法填空Doctors claimed (discover
7、)a cure for the disease.医生声称已经找到了治疗该疾病的方法。They had no claim the land,which was believed to be rich in oil.他们无权索要那块人们认为有丰富石油的土地。(2)完成句子There might be an opportunity .可能有机会索赔。,to have discovered,on,to claim,-11-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,4.relevant adj.有关的;切题的高考佳句Moreover,I completed the senior course of Compute
8、r Basics,plus five pre-college courses.此外,我完成了计算机基础知识的高级课程,还有五门相关的大学前课程。(2016北京卷,阅读理解A篇)(1)relevant information相关信息 be relevant to和有关(=have sth to do with)(2)relevance n.相关,贴切,关联性 relevantly adv.有关地;切题地,relevant,-12-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)用relevant或其短语的恰当形式填空I dont think what he said the topic we ar
9、e discussing.我认为他所说的与我们正在讨论的话题毫无关联。We received all the .我们收到了所有的相关信息。(2)写作升级What experience do you have related to this position? 满分表达What experience do you have this position?,is relevant to,relevant information,that/which is relevant to,-13-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,5.advocate vt.主张,提倡n.提倡者,倡导者;拥护者高考佳句Some
10、immigrant worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs.一些移民倡导者担心这一点,因为在艰难的财务时期使得当地人较难以保住工作。(2017江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)(1)advocate that.(should)do sth主张,提倡advocate doing sth提倡做某事an advocate of/for sb/sth支持某人/某事的人 (2)advocacy n.拥护,advocates,-14-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)单句语法填空T
11、he party advocates (take)measures to stop the strike.那个政党主张采取措施阻止罢工。Dont expect him to be advocate of the plan.别指望他支持这个计划。(2)单句改错They advocated everyone would donate some money to the earthquake-stricken area.,taking,an,wouldshould或去掉would,-15-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,6.substitute n.代替者;代替品,代用品vt.代替,取代高考佳句Un
12、fortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since its all but impossible to find .不幸的是,你必须随身携带必要的设备,因为找到天然替代品几乎是不可能的。(2017全国卷,阅读理解D篇)a substitute for.的代替者(品)substitute for sb/sth(用)代替;取代substitute A for B/substitute B with/by A用A代替B,natural substitutes,-16-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)完成句子
13、If we each letter,the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.” 如果我们把每个字母都用一个数字代替,信息“Meet me”就会读成“13 5 5 20 13 5”。(2016全国卷,七选五)(2)单句语法填空His father only saw him as a substitute his dead brother.他父亲只是把他当作他死去的哥哥来看待。,substitute a number for,for,-17-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,(3)单句改错We substituted a blue ball
14、for a red one to see if the baby would notice.,forby/with,-18-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,1.refer to 提到;谈及;参考;查阅高考佳句What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 ? 第3段中画线单词“that”指什么?(2017全国卷,阅读理解C篇)(1)refer to the dictionary/notes查字典/笔记(2)reference n.提及;查阅a reference book 参考书,refer to,-19-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,
15、四维热练(1)写出下列各句中refer to的意义A great American,James Madison,referred to:“The capacity(能力)of mankind for self-government.”(2015江苏卷,阅读理解D篇)If,one week from the date of written notice,the pet is not removed,the student is referred to the Student Court.When I said someone was lazy,I didnt refer to you.Youre
16、 not allowed to refer to your notes when answering the questions.,提及提交指的是参考,查阅,-20-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,(2)写作升级If I dont know a word in the article,can I look it up in a dictionary?满分表达 If I dont know a word in the article,can I a dictionary?,refer to,-21-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,2.look ahead 展望未来经典例句Now I can re
17、member without mourning,and begin to look ahead.如今回首往事我已不再感到悲痛,并且开始展望未来。look back回顾look around环顾look into调查look out当心;向外看look through浏览look forward to期盼look down on/upon轻视,看不起look up to尊敬;仰慕look up抬头看;查阅look over检查(身体等),-22-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练用含look的短语的恰当形式填空,I honestly dont know how she did it.回首往
18、事,老实说我不知道她是如何做的。(2016浙江卷,阅读理解D篇)Once I something on the Internet,I dont need to keep all the details for future use.一旦我在网上查阅什么时,我就不必把所有的细节都保存下来以供将来使用。(2016江苏卷,任务型阅读)Two boys were lost and the police the matter.两个男孩失踪了,警察正在调查这件事。,Looking back,look up,were looking into,-23-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,The kids wer
19、e very friendly with her and even her as if she were their own mother.孩子们对她很友好,甚至仰慕她,如同她是他们自己的妈妈。(2016上海卷,语法与词汇),we are quite confident of ourselves.展望未来,我们信心十足。,looked up to,Looking ahead,-24-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,3.in turn依次,轮流地;反过来高考佳句I wouldnt scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and I would
20、nt expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health.我不会因决定在周末聚会而责骂人,反过来,我也不希望有人因关注我的健康而触怒我。(2015福建卷,阅读理解E篇)by turns轮流take turns to do/doing sth轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth轮到某人做某事。词义精析(1)in turn表示依次、转而、反过来;(2)in return 作为报答;作为交换(常和介词for连用)。,in turn,-25-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)完成句子Laughter
21、 over the sandwich can lead to insults,can lead to violence.笑着谈论那块三明治可能会导致侮辱,这相应地可能会导致暴力。(2012浙江卷,阅读理解C篇)(2)用in turn和in return填空,however,this passage will help you to think like an economist.然而,作为回报,这段文章将帮助你像一位经济学家那样思考。(2014江苏卷,阅读理解B篇),which in turn,In return,-26-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,Theory is based on p
22、ractice and serves practice.理论以实践为基础,反过来又为实践服务。Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything .Axani在邮件中写到,他并不寻求任何回报。(2017全国卷,完形填空),in turn,in return,-27-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,4.on ones behalf 代表高考佳句our school,I would like to express our warm welcome to you.我代表学校对你们表达我们热烈的欢迎。(2014陕西卷,书面表达)on
23、ones behalf=on behalf of sb代表in behalf of sb=in sbs behalf为帮助某人,On behalf of,-28-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练(1)完成句子We collected money the poor students.我们为帮助贫困学生而筹集资金。(2)写作升级Id like to represent all my classmates to deliver a speech to express our appreciation to our teachers.满分表达all my classmates,Id like
24、to deliver a speech to express our appreciation to our teachers.,in behalf of,On behalf of,-29-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,5.apart from 除了之外(和aside from意义用法均相同)高考佳句good service,the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.除了良好的服务,这家餐馆还提供不同种类的传统闽菜。(2011福建卷,22)take sth apart将拆开;拆分tell.apart分
25、辨出fall apart破裂;断裂;散开,Apart/Aside from,-30-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,词义精析(1)except意为“除之外(没有)”,常用于排除同类事物(除去整体中的一部分),并用于表示绝对肯定或绝对否定的词之后,如no,none,nothing,all,any,everyone,everything等。其后可接名词、代词、介词短语,或that/what 等引导的从句。 (2)besides意为“除了之外(还有)”,包括排除的事物,另外,它也可用作副词而单独使用。(3)except for常用于对整体进行肯定,对局部细节加以否定。(4)apart from/as
26、ide from兼有besides,except(for)的意义和用法。,-31-,高频单词,重点短语,难点句型,四维热练用except,besides,except for和apart from/aside from填空All of the students went hiking last weekend Andy,who was ill in hospital.People choose jobs for other reasons money.Everything went well the bad weather.,except/apart from/aside from,besid
27、es/apart from/aside from,except for/apart from/aside from,-32-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,1.Given this data,it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.(Page 6)根据这一数据判断,人类活动与全球变暖之间的关系似乎不仅仅只是一个巧合。given that.句型(1)句中given prep.“考虑到,鉴于”。given后接表示事物性的名词(
28、短语),并通常位于句首,也可置于句末,且常用逗号与其后面的句子隔开,整个介词短语在句中做状语。(2)表示“考虑到”时,given后还可接that从句。同时,given做形容词时,表示“规定的”。(3)类似地,considering(顾及;考虑到),according to(根据),concerning(关于)等均为介词(短语)。,-33-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,四维热练完成句子a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation,51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on
29、school nights,even though they have to get up early.根据一项由国际睡眠基金会进行的新的调查表明,51%10至18岁的孩子,即使他们必须早起,晚上也是在10点或更晚的时候睡觉。(2017浙江卷,阅读理解B篇)It seems reasonable to send him to do the job, he is doing quite well.考虑到他做得很好,派他去做这项工作似乎是很合理的。,According to,given/considering that,-34-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词, ,the researchers w
30、ould have been able to discover more in this field.如果有足够的时间和金钱,那些研究者早就能够发现这个领域更多的东西了。,Given enough time and money,-35-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,2.How can we stop these disasters from happening?(Page 6)我们如何才能阻止这些灾难的发生?stop.from doing sth句型(1)句中stop.from doing表示“阻止做”,其中from可以省略。(2)类似地,prevent sb(from)doing sth及
31、keep sb from doing sth也表示“防止/阻止某人做某事”,但keep sb doing sth则表示“让某人继续做某事”。,-36-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,四维热练(1)完成句子The processes take place to loaded with memories.进行这些过程来阻止我们大脑承受记忆负担。(2017北京卷,七选五)Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to .Welch博士尽可能快地需要药物来阻止其他孩子生病。(2016北京卷,完形填空),stop our brains becoming,s
32、top other kids from getting sick,-37-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,Sure,I could have asked her,but something so.当然,我本可以问她,但有件事阻止了我去问了。(2017天津卷,阅读理解B篇)(2)单句改错Xu Beihongs paintings keep us from imagining.徐悲鸿的画让我们去想象。,prevented me from doing,去掉from,-38-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,3.But why wait around for governments to take ac
33、tion?(Page 6)但是为什么要等着政府来采取行动呢?Why do.?句型(1)Why do.?表示“为什么做呢?”,该句型在口语中很常用,其否定形式为Why not do.?表示“为什么不做呢?”(2)how,where,when等疑问词没有why类似的用法,但它们可以和动词不定式连用,在句中充当一个成分,而why则没有此用法。,-39-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,四维热练(1)完成句子?We can stay at home and watch films online.为什么要麻烦?我们可以留在家里在线观看电影。But now?但是为什么不现在开始呢?(2016四川卷,阅读理解
34、B篇)We debated over into the video.我们讨论了在录像中放入什么内容。,Why bother,why not start,what to put,-40-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,(2)写作升级Here are four common email accidents,and how we can recover.满分表达 Here are four common email accidents,and .(2017天津卷,阅读理解A篇),how to recover,-41-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,4.One of the islands is ho
35、me to a giant tortoise named Lonesome George.(Page 9)其中一个小岛是一个叫Lonesome George的巨龟的家园。be home to句型be home to.表示“是的家园,是的发祥地,是的居住地”,在home前不可用冠词。,-42-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,四维热练(1)完成句子Without doubt,Qinghua University founded in 1911 is many outstanding figures.毫无疑问建于1911年的清华大学是许多杰出人物的家园。(2)单句改错The forest is a
36、home to various wild animals,but now it has been destroyed.,home to,去掉a,-43-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,5.The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale,and experts are predicting far worse to come.(Page 10)近几年一些环境灾难大规模地出现,专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。一段时间+have seen.句型(1)“一段时间+have seen.”表示“(时间)见证了”,此处
37、see也可用witness代替。(2)此处的动词see使用的是拟人修辞手法。拟人修辞手法把事物人格化,使本来不具备人的动作和感情的动物或植物变得像人一样能说能笑。(3)英语中使用拟人修辞手法的句子,主语通常是表示时间、地点、心爱之物等的名词,如车、船等。谓语则常是see,witness,find,make,bring,cause,give,experience等。,-44-,重点短语,难点句型,高频单词,四维热练完成句子two world wars.20世纪见证了两次世界大战。Another hours ride the foot of the hill.再往前驱车一小时,我们就可以到达山脚下了。,The 20th century saw/witnessed,will bring us to,
