1、Unit 4,Earthquakes,国家地震局赈灾应急救援司司长 黄建发在新闻发布会上表示， 目前地震的准确预测仍是一个世 界性的难题，此次地震没有提前 预测到。,地震可以预测么?,据新华社华盛顿5月21日电 在中国 以及世界其他一些国家，都有不少民 间的地震预测说法，比如动物的异常 行为、奇特天象出现等。美国专家琼 斯说，这些说法到目前为止都还没有 真正的科学依据。世界各国的很多科 学家曾不止一次地试图证实这些预测 的科学性，但到现在也没有找到十分 确凿的证据。,琼斯说，从另外的角度说，即便 这些异常可以作为预报地震的参考数 据，地震监测人员也不能仅仅依靠某 一个单独的异常现象作出地震预报
2、， 因为这类异常可能只对应极小的地震 几率，假如误报了地震，直接和间接 损失往往也是相当严重的。,地震，特别是强烈地震之前，总会 出现一些异常现象，人们把与地震 发生有密切联系的异常现象称之为 地震的前兆。下面这首民谣是群众在长期预测 地震中的总结，细读一下，对观察地 震是有极大好处的。,震前动物有预兆，群测群防很重要。 牛羊骡马不进圈，猪不吃食狗乱咬。 鸭不下水岸上闹，鸡乱上树高声叫。 冰天雪地蛇出洞，大猫携着小猫跑。 兔子竖耳蹦又撞，鱼跃水面惶惶跳。 蜜峰群迁闹轰轰，鸽子惊飞不回巢。 家家户户都观察，综合异常作预报。,失去“理性”的飞虫、鸟类1976年7月25日，唐山以南天津大沽口 海面，
3、“长湖”号油轮四周海面，一大群 深绿色翅膀的蜻蜓栖在船窗、桅杆和船 舷上，一动不动任人捕捉驱赶。天津市郊木场公社和西营门公社都 看见成百上千只蝙蝠，大白天在空中飞。,唐山大地震前兆,动物界逃亡大迁徙1976年7月25日上午，抚宁县100多 只黄鼠狼，大的背着或叼着小的从古 墙洞钻出，向村内大转移。26日、27 日，这群黄鼠狼继续向村外转移，一 片惊慌气氛。,不可捉摸的信息秦皇岛附近水域作业的潜水员说， 他看见一条彩色绚丽的光带，像一条 金色的火龙，转瞬即逝。1976年7月27日，唐山北部一个军 营里，几个士兵发现地下的一堆钢 筋，莫名其妙地迸发出闪亮的光，仿 佛一个隐身人在那里烧电焊。,华西都
4、市报5月10日报道，四川绵竹市西南镇檀木村出现大规模蟾蜍迁徙，数十万蟾蜍拥挤着走上了马路。面对这一异常现象，村民们普遍表示担扰，害怕可能是地震或其他自然灾害的预兆。,汶川地震的前兆,2008年4月26日早上7时，湖北恩施市 白果乡下村坝村直径约百米、水深数 十米、常年不干的观音塘约8万立方米 的蓄水5小时内全部消失，水面突然出 现漩涡，并伴有轰鸣声。,震前应做哪些准备？地震来临， 在民房中、在公共场所怎么避震？ 专家提出，学习必要的防震知识， 提高防震意识，做好防震准备， 对更好地保护身处险境的自己大 有好处。,地震来临, 我们如何保护自己呢?,Life is beautiful. We mu
5、st love our lives. In an earthquake SPEED IS LIFE.,Lets practise hiding.,地震前应做好防震准备，如清理杂物，保持门口、楼道畅通；固定高大家具，将重物下置，防止倾倒伤人；准备电筒、创可贴、水等物品，做成家庭防震包；腾空牢固家具的下方，以备藏身。,地震来临时，最重要的是要保持冷静，并灵活选择藏身之所：震时应就近躲避，震后迅速撤离到安全地方；室内避震时应选择易于形成三角空间的地方避震，如内墙墙根、墙角等，或躲避到厨房、厕所、储藏室等空间小的地方。震时切记不要站到阳台上和窗边。,学生在教室上课时遇到地震， 老师应疏导学生迅速抱头躲
6、在课桌 旁，待地震过后迅速撤离；在操场的 学生可原地蹲下，注意避开附近高 大建筑物或危险物，不要回到教室中。,在商场、影剧院等公共场所遇到 地震时，应尽快找到结实的柜台、低 矮家具或柱子边、内墙角等处就地蹲 下，同时注意预防高空落物伤人。在户外遇到地震时，应就地选择开 阔地蹲下，并注意避开变压器、电线 杆、广告牌、高烟囱、水塔、过街桥、 立交桥等构筑物。,Reading,A Night The Earth Didnt Sleep,Read the passage again and make a timeline.,Strange things happened before the eart
7、hquake.,Main idea of the text,The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan.,The army came to help the survivors.,Paragraph,Paragraph 2&3,Paragraph 4,1,Filling the blacks with the first given letter:,Several days before July 28, 1976, many s_things happened in Tangshan. They were signs for the e_. B
8、ut people in the city of Tangshan didnt think m_of these. At 3:42am that day,the earth began to s_,which d_the city.,trange,arthquake,uch,hake,estroyed,Many people,including workers and doctors,came to r_those t_under the ruins. Later that afternoon,another big earthquake struck Tangshan. More peopl
9、e were killed or injured and more buildings f_down. Soldiers were called in to help the rescue workers. T_were organized to dig out the trapped and b_the dead.,escue,rapped,ell,eams,ury,Burst & Crack,burst v. (使)破裂; (使）爆炸 crack v. (使)裂开 n. 裂缝 1. The windows was cracked but not broken. 窗玻璃裂了但没有碎。 2.
10、The balloon burst . 气球吹炸了。,burst burst,at the end of 在尽头，在末 by the end of 直到末,到结束的时候，主句一般用完成时 in the end 最后、终于,at an end (=finished) 结束; 终结,The war was at an end.,He didnt know how to make a living because his money was at an end.,1. His father will return home _ this year. 2. He tried various jobs
11、and_ became a teacher. 3. How many English words had you learned _ last term? 4. I must warn you that my patience is almost_.,at the end of,in the end,by the end of,at an end,An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.,in ruins : severely damaged or destroyed 严重受损; 破败不堪,ruin n. 毁灭;废墟 v.毁灭；使破产,The ca
12、stle has fallen into ruins .,His career is in ruins .,Our plan is in ruins.,The bad weather ruined our plan.,injure v. to hurt oneself / sb / sth physically,He fell off the bicycle and injured his arm.,She was serious injured in a road accident.,If you work like this, you will injure your own health
13、.,如果你这样工作的话，你将会损害自己的健康。,辨析：injure, wound, hurt,injure 一般指由于意外或事故而造成伤害。 wound 多指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战争或战斗中受伤。 hurt 一般用语，指肉体或精神上的伤害，常伴有强烈的疼痛感，还可表示“疼；痛”。,6 destroy v. The fire destroyed most of the building.,honour (honor. Am) n.荣誉 honourable adj. 荣誉的; 光荣的 an honourable duty 荣誉的职位,destroyer 破坏者, 消灭者, 驱逐舰队,
14、damagedestroyruin,damage vt. to harm or spoil sth. 指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用 价值有所降低。,Compare:,Many buildings were badly damaged during the war. n. U harm or injury +to sth. 1 Strong winds had caused serious damage to the roof. 2 The doctors were worried that he might have suffered brain damage.,1 Most o
15、f the old part of the city was destroyed by bombs during the war. 2 The accident seemed to have completely / totally destroyed his confidence.,destroy vt. to damage sth. so badly that it does not exist or cannot be used 彻底破坏, 摧毁以致不可能修复, 也可指希望、计划等破灭。,ruin表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调致使该物的使用
16、价值发生了问题。用作名词时,它表示 “毁灭”、 “瓦解”、 “废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。,ruin vt. 1 to spoil or destroy severely or completely 使毁灭;使崩溃;弄糟 a Huge modern hotels have ruined this once unspoilt coastline. b Her injury ruined her chances of winning the race.,2 to cause a person or company to lose all their money or their re
17、putation使破产; 毁灭,a Cheap imported goods are ruiningmany businesses. b If theres a scandal Ill be ruined!,1 U when sth. is spoilt or destroyed毁坏；毁灭 The company is facing ruin.,2C the broken parts that are left from an old building or town废墟 We visited a Roman ruin. the ruins of the ancient city of Car
18、thage,ruin n.,harm 的含义侧重于“损害，伤害”，可指精神或肉体的伤害，程度较轻 Dont harm your eyes by reading in dim light. injure指“损害，受伤”，着重容貌、机能的损坏，例如：She was injured badly in the accident. 事故中她受了伤。,词义辨析 harm, injure, hurt, wound,hurt指“伤害；刺痛”，尤指在精神或肉体上的伤害，含有强烈的疼痛 No feelings were hurt though the criticism was sharp. 批评虽然尖锐，却未伤
19、感情。 wound指外伤，如枪伤,刀伤,剑伤,尤指在战斗中受伤。,Their criticisms _him deeply. Smoking will _his health. He was slightly _in the car accident. He got _in the fighting. What you said _my feeling.,have hurt,injured,injured,wounded,hurt,7 rescue,(n.) an act of rescuing or being rescued 搭救; 解救 A rescue team is trying t
20、o reach the trapped mines. They came to our rescue when we were in danger . (v.) to save or set free from harm, danger, or loss 救出; 解救 He rescued the man from drowning.,8 shelter,n. 庇护所; 避难所; 遮蔽物a shelter for the homelessIn the storm I took shelter under a tree . v. 庇护; 掩蔽; 保护The plants must be shel
21、tered from direct sunlight.,9 bury,vt. 埋葬; 葬The boy buried the dead bird in the backyard.男孩们把死鸟埋在后院。 vt. 使沉浸（或专心于）be buried in thought 出神深思bury oneself in study 埋头研究,Difficult sentences analysis,But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that nig
22、ht.,但是城里的百万群众，没有理会这些事件， 那天夜里还和以往一样，安然入睡了。,S.,P.,Pre.,Adv.,非限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容， 或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。 主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分 开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思 仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有 as，which，who， whom，whose等，在 定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when，where等，在定语从 句中做状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语 从句中一般不能省。,Talk about a big earthquake that happened in the world with your partner. List out the measures that people can take when an earthquake happens.,Homework,
