1、文化与汉英翻译,文化的处理模式: I. 文化直入（the Go-ahead Model）：源语文化表达形式直接进入译文:1. 音译：阴阳（yin and yang） 气功 (qigong) 旗袍 (qipao, cheongsam)开放 (kaifang) 江湖 (jianghu)2. 直译：热狗 hot-dog 五讲四美 five stresses and four points of beauty,II. 文化阻断 (the Block Model)：源语文化表达形式消失，文化意义没有进入译入语语篇。主要是自谦语：鄙人（I） 贱内 (my wife) 浅谈 (on) III. 文化诠释 (
2、the Annotation Model)：为源语文化表达形式提供文化语境信息。炒勺：开始翻译成： round-bottomed frying pan现在： frying wok,IV. 文化融合（the Integration Model）：源语文化表达形式与译语表达形式融合，以一种新语言形式进入译语。卡拉OK CD机 GRE考试 X光片 打的 GDP增长速 长城干红中 “干” 源于英语dry, 表示 not sweet,V. 文化归化 (the Adaptation Model)：源语表达形式略去, 代之以译语的形式，源语文化意义丧失。近朱者赤，近墨者黑He who keeps compa
3、ny with the wolf will learn to howl.,练习一 中国是一个有56个民族的大国。不同的民族有不同的婚俗。但无论是哪个民族，结婚仪式都很复杂。传统的中国婚礼仪式包括6个必备步骤，它们是：说媒、定亲、聘礼、迎娶、拜堂（三鞠躬）、喝交杯酒等六步。此外，如今一个标准的中国婚礼会如下进行：在一对新人订婚后，接下来就是挑选吉日成亲。大部分人会挑选节假日或某个中国的传统节日,为的是亲戚朋友们能来参加婚礼。不过，有一些人，尤其是乡下人很有可能请算命先生挑个结婚的吉日（通常是双日子），这样就是双喜临门了。 婚礼庆典很隆重，最后是很奢华的婚宴。人们会举杯祝愿新人“但愿人长久，千里共
4、婵娟” 以及早生贵子等等.,中国是一个有56个民族的大国。不同的民族有不同的婚俗。但无论是哪个民族，结婚仪式都很复杂。 China is a large country with 56 nationalities. Different nationalities have different marriage customs, but whatever the nationality is, the wedding ceremony is usually very complicated.,传统的中国婚礼仪式包括6个必备步骤，它们是：说媒、定亲、聘礼、迎娶、拜堂（三鞠躬）、喝交杯酒等六步。此外
5、，如今一个标准的中国婚礼会如下进行：在一对新人订婚后，接下来就是挑选吉日成亲。 The traditional Chinese marriage usually involves 6 necessary procedures, namely: match-making, engagement, betrothal presents, meeting the bride, three bows, and drinking wedlock wine. In addition, a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this: when a new
6、 couple is engaged, what followed is a choice of the date of their marriage.,大部分人会挑选节假日或某个中国的传统节日为的是亲戚朋友们能来参加婚礼。不过，有一些人，尤其是乡下人很有可能请算命先生挑个结婚的吉日（通常是双日子），这样就是双喜临门了。 Most people would favor a bank holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends to attend the wedding. However, quite a
7、 few others, especially those in the countryside, would probably ask a fortune-teller for a lucky date (usually an even number) so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”.,婚礼庆典很隆重，最后是很奢华的婚宴。人们会举杯祝愿新人“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。”以及早生贵子等等. The wedding ceremony is usually presided warmly, and the wedding ce
8、remony very often ends with a very extravagant banquet. Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life, eternal love and happiness, early birth of a healthy baby and so on.,练习二 我们国家对于公款吃喝之风泛滥成灾，并非视而不见、听之任之，也曾三令五申严禁大吃大喝，提倡“工作餐”，甚至一度明确规定“四菜一汤”。但非常遗憾，到如今，那些规定几乎成了一纸空文，公款吃喝之风并未得到有效控制！据报道，去年全国公款吃喝，已逾千亿之
9、巨。原因之一，我们“四菜一汤”之规定，乃“刚性”不足，“弹性”有余盘有大小，碗有巨细；菜有好坏，汤有贵贱。小盘也是盘，“磨盘”也算盘；小碗也是碗，“巨盆”也算碗。土豆白菜也是菜，鸡鸭鱼肉也是菜，燕窝熊掌也是菜；萝卜汤也是汤，鸡蛋紫菜汤也是汤，甲鱼乌龟汤也是汤。真可谓， “四菜一汤”， 由我配方。,我们国家对于公款吃喝之风泛滥成灾，并非视而不见、听之任之，也曾三令五申严禁大吃大喝，提倡“工作餐”，甚至一度明确规定“四菜一汤”。但非常遗憾，到如今，那些规定几乎成了一纸空文，公款吃喝之风并未得到有效控制！ 据报道，去年全国公款吃喝已逾千亿之巨。With regard to the rampant w
10、ining and dining by billing the organization, it is not as if the Chinese government has seen it but paid no attention or taken a laissez-faire attitude towards it. With repeated injunctions, there have been rules and regulations strictly forbidding extravagant dining and even calling for working lu
11、nch with an express provision of “four dishes, one soup.” But unfortunately these rules, up till today, have become blank pieces of paper and the rage of dining at public expense has not been effectively controlled. According to reports, last years national public dining spending was over 100 billio
12、n RMB.,原因之一，我们“四菜一汤”之规定，乃“刚性”不足，“弹性”有余盘有大小，碗有巨细；菜有好坏，汤有贵贱。小盘也是盘，“磨盘”也算盘；小碗也是碗，“巨盆”也算碗。土豆白菜也是菜，鸡鸭鱼肉也是菜，燕窝熊掌也是菜；萝卜汤也是汤，鸡蛋紫菜汤也是汤，甲鱼乌龟汤也是汤。真可谓， “四菜一汤”， 由我配方。 How did it get this way? One reason is that the “four dishes, one soup” rule is set with too much flexibility rather than due strictness-there are
13、 plates big or small, bowls huge or tiny, food bad or good and soup expensive or cheap. A plate, big or small, is a plate, and a tureen is also a plate. So are bowls. (A bowl, whatever the size, is a bowl and even a basin can serve as a bowl.) Potato and cabbage is a dish, chicken, duck, fish and beef are also dishes, as is a bird nest and a bears paw; radish soup is soup, egg and laver is soup, but tortoise and soft-shelled turtle soup is too. So it can be said that “four dishes, one soup” is whatever I want it to be.”,Thank You !,Goodbye,
