1、高中英语必修一 考点一： 直接引语If she comes, Ill call you. 如果她来了，我就打电话告诉你。2）be going toa. 现在的打算、意图，即将做某事What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？b. 表示最近未来的计划或安排将要发生The play is going to be produced next month。 这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3）be to do 按计划或正式
2、安排将要发生We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4）be about to 意为马上做某事，刚要，正要（表示 非常近的将来）不能与 tomorrow 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。be going to / will 辨析用于条件句时，be going to 表将来，will 表意愿。If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as
3、possible.如果你想去旅行，你最好尽快的准备。Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.be to do/be going to 辨析be to do 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。 （客观安排）Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天
4、下午我想去踢球。 （主观安排）不用进行时的动词1）表示事实状态的动词，如 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue 等。I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。2）表示心理状态的动词，如 know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want,
5、 need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate 等。I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。3）瞬间动词，如 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse 等。I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。4）系动词，如 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 等。You seem
6、 a little tired. 你看上去有点累。一般现在时代替一般将来时when ,while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that ）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately 等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beij
7、ing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。考点三： 定语从句（unit 4 be able to 有多种形式的变化。can 1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2). 表示允许、可能性。could 是 can 的过去式 , 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. (NMET 97 )A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 2) -Will you stay for lunch? -
8、Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. (NMET99)A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont 2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might 是 may 的过去式; 用在疑问中比 may 委婉、客气。1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room?-No, you mustnt. ( Yes, you may.)2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may.3. must 1).
9、表示必须要做的事: 必须 2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to3) -Must I get to the station before three oclock?-Yes, you must. ( No, you neednt. )4) Im afraid you will have to wait a while.5) She must be in the classroom now.6) Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few
10、 minutes ago. (NMET 94)A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. may not4. shall 1) 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。2) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺等概念。1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you neednt. -Shall he turn down the radio a bit? -Yes, please.(No, please dont.)2) You shall have the English b
11、ook as soon as I finish it.3) Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.4) Your brother seldom comes to see you, _?A. does he B. doesnt he C. will he D. isnt he5) Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _?A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we5. should 应该 ; 应当1) You should listen to the do
12、ctors advice.2) You should study the article carefully.6. will, would1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用 would 语气更加婉转。2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态; would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。3) will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、。(1) Dont smoke in the meeting room, _ you? A. do youB. will you C. can you D. could you-W
13、ill you come with me? -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I cant.)(2) -Would you tell us something about yourself? -Yes, I will.(3) - Its my birthday tomorrow. Dont forget to come to my party.- _ .A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I haven7. ought to 应该 ; 应当1) You oughtnt to smoke too much.2) She _ for what sh
14、e has done.A. ought to praise B. ought be praisedC. ought to have praised D. ought to be praise8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come1) He dare not tell the truth. 2) He doesnt dare to come out at night.3) I dont know whether he _ try.A. dare B. needs C. wants D. is allowed9. need 1). 作为情态动词:必须 2). 作为
15、实义动词: 需要A.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody) B. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done) 1) -Do they need to take any books with them?-No, they dont need to.2) -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we neednt.3) This farm tool needs repairing. This farm tool needs to be repaired. 4) -Shall I
16、tell John about it ? - No, you _ . Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt5) Its a fine day. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not情态动词 + 不定式的完成式是高考的考试要点1、must have done,“一定做过/一定已经 ”，表示对过去情况极大把握地推测，仅用于肯定句2、may/might have done 也许做过某事（推测） ；本来可以做某
17、事却没做3、cant have done 为否定句或疑问句,对过去的推测“不可能，一定没做过某事”could have done 本来可以做某事却没做4. neednt have done 表示” 不必要做某事，但做了” ，而 neednt do 则表示”不必做(也没做)”5.、ought to /should have done 表示”本来应当做的却没做”oughtnt / shouldnt have done 本来不应该做某事却做了6、would/could/might/should + have done 用来表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气7、would rather have done
18、表示” 当时宁愿做了某事”，否定形式： would rather not have donee.g. If I had been free that day, I would have gone with you.8、would like/love to have done 表示” 本想做某事” 而实际上未做。考点二 名词性从句（ unit 3， unit 4 ） 高考高频考点主语从句名词性从句 宾语从句表语从句同位语从句考点 1 主语从句从属连词(不作成分）that, whether连接代词（作成分）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever连接副词（作状语
19、）when, where, how, why1连接词 that，whether 引导That the college wiU take in more new students this year is true今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。特别提示(1)if 不能引导主语从句。(2)形式主语 it 替代主语从句。常见的 it 替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：AIt+系动词+形容词+that 从句。如：It is quite clear
20、that the whole project is doomed to failure 注: 在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形Its necessary that we should have a walk now.BIt+ 系动词 +名词+that 从句。如：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。注: 在 It is demand
21、ed/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause 句型中从句用(should )+动词原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.CIt+be+v ed 形式+that 从句。如：It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out据宣布计划已经顺利实施。注: 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型Its a pity that you (should)
22、miss a good chance2连接代词引导What we cant get seems better than what we already have我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。who the letter was from is still unknown这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。3连接副词引导How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。
23、why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。考点 2 宾语从句从属连词(不作成分）that, whether, if连接代词（作成分）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever连接副词（作状语）when, where, how, why1连接词 that，whether，if 引导I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he
24、 still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。特别提示whether/if 都意为“是否” 。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用 if，但以下情况中，只能用 whether。(1)与 or not 紧接连用时。如：Let me knoW whether or not you can come请让我知道你是否能来。(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2连接代词和连接副词引导连接代词有 what，wh
25、o，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever 等，连接副词有 when，where，why，how 等。如：She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class她问我班上谁的书法最好。I11 just say whatever comes into my mind我想到什么就说什么。Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?Ive been thinking about how we can make the news
26、paper more interesting我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。3宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me when we could set out the next day他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?4宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)she says
27、(that)she will leave a message on his desk她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。( 从句是一般将来时)She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。( 从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby他说他
28、会去照看这个婴儿。( 从句是过去将来时)He said that they were having a meeting at that time他说他们那时正在开会。( 从句是过去进行时)(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound他说光比声音传播得快。特别提示在使用宾语从句时需要注意下
29、面几点：(1)动词find，feel，think ，consider，make ，believe ，guess ，suppose，assume 等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用 it 作形式宾语，而将 that 宾语从句后置。如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries我每天写日记成了惯例。(2)hate，like，take，owe ， have，take for granted 等表示“ 喜欢；
30、痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和 see to 表示“ 注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用 it 作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。(3)介词后的宾语从句。如：She is always thinking of how she can do more for others她总想着
31、如何才能为别人做得更多。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。(4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe ，suppose， expect，fancy，imagine 等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：I dont think I know you我想我并不认识你。I dont believe he will come我相信他不回来。(5) 在于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句谓语用 sho
32、uld +动词原形（insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire ）We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.考点 3、表语从句从属连词(不作成分）that, whether, as if, as thought 连接代词（作成分）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever连接副词（作状语）when, where, how, why.because1连接词引导The reason fo
33、r his absence is that he hasnt been informed他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us问题还是他们能否帮我们。2连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this shop问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。特别提示(1)as/as if/as though 引导的表语从
34、句常跟在特定动词后面，如 seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel 等。常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).如：It sounds as if someone was knocking at the door听上去好像有人在敲门。He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it(2)当主句的主语是 reason 时，表语从句一般由 that 引导，这种用法常见于句型 The reason whyis that。如：The reason why he came late
35、was that he got up late他来得晚是因为起床晚了。考点 4 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact ，news，hope ， belief，thought，doubt， promise，suggestion，order等。1通常用连词 that 引导同位语从句，that 无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。
36、I have no idea that she quit her present job我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening答应我，你今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。2同位语从句还可以用 whether，when，where， why，how 等引导。如：The student asked me the question whether the book Was worth reading学生问了我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。I have no idea why he was
37、 excited at that time我不知道当时他激动的原因。1. 在 suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should动词原形”should 可以省略My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.考点 5 名词性从句需要注意的事项1that 的用法。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中 that 一般不能够省略；在宾语从句中有时可以省略，一般需要注意下面两点：(1)当 that 从句作介
38、词宾语时，that 不能省略。如： They share little in common except that they are from the same country除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。(2)当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的不省略。如：I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况也会得到改善。2that 与 what 的区别。that 在从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what 可以在从句中作主语、表
39、语、宾语或定语，意思是” 什么，的事情”。如：The hope that he may recover is not gone yet他会康复的希望没有消失。(that 不充当成分，也无含义 )What he said proved to be true他所说的话证明是正确的。(what 作 said的宾语，可以翻译为“的话”)3定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制；而同位语从句是对从句前面的抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释。如：The news that our team has won the game was true我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。( 同位语从句
40、，补充说明 news 到底是一个什么消息 )The news that he told me yesterday was true昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。( 定语从句，news 在从句中作 told 的宾语)I made a promise that if anyone set me free 1 would make him very rich我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明 promise 的内容)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children妈妈许下了一个令她的孩子们高兴的诺言。(定语从句
41、，promise 在从句中作 pleased 的主语)高中英语必修四考点一 主谓一致（ unit 1）主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和 ”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football. 可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有 with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, a
42、s well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。2. 用 and 连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)
43、A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用 and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork( 刀叉) 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。3. 不定式(短语), 动名词( 短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了
44、。4. 用连接的并列主语被 each, every 或 no 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词 +each, 谓语动词用复数.如:Each of us has
45、 something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。6. 若主语中有 more than one 或 many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数 , 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但 more+复数名词+than one 做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。7. none 做主语时 ,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数;
46、 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以 ics 结尾的学科名
47、称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights ; 以及 The United Nations 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 复数名词作主
48、语 , 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。(二) 内容一致原则 : 1.主语中有 all, half, most, the rest 等, 以及”分数或百分数 +名词” 做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的 60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的
49、苹果都是烂的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of 等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3. 加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteen mi
