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1992年考研英语真题(张剑).doc

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1、1992 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section Use of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A , B , Cand D .Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)The key to the industrialization of space is the U.S. space shuttle. _1_ it,

2、 astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle _2_ of flying into space and returning many times. _3_ by reusable rockets that can lift a load of 65,000 pounds, the shuttle will carry devices for scientific inquiry, as _4_ as a variety of military hardware. _5_ more significantly, it will _6_ material

3、s and machines into space for industrial purposes _7_ two decades ago when “sputnik” (artificial satellite) was _8_ to the vocabulary. In short, the _9_ importance of the shuttle lies in its _10_ as an economic tool.What makes the space shuttle _11_ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like

4、an airplane. _12_, when it has accomplished its _13_, it can be ready for _14_ trip in about two weeks.The space shuttle, the worlds first true spaceship, is a magnificent step _15_ making the impossible possible for the benefit and survival of man.1. A In BOn CBy D With解析 本题考核知识点:介词的用法。空格所在句中,it 指代

5、前一句提到的 space shuttle。句子大意为:“航天飞机,宇航员可以实现地面和太空之间的多次往返” 。根据介词与 space shuttle 的搭配,首先排除B。in the space shuttle 搭配本身并没有错误,但代入句子中,其含义成了:在航天飞机里,宇航员有了实验室飞行器。此句显然不合逻辑,排除A。by 和 with都可以表示“通过,用”的意思。但 by 表示动作、行为的方式,如:to pay by cheque 用支票付款;to travel by plane 乘飞机旅行。而文章显然不能说“宇航员获得实验室飞行器的方式是(乘坐)航天飞机” 。with除了表示“(为做某事

6、)借助工具或手段”之外,它还可意为 having or carrying sth 有,具有,带有,如:With your help, I might finish the work ahead of time.有了你的帮助,我也许可以提前完成工作。with 带入文中表示“有了航天飞机,宇航员就有了实验室飞行器”,符合逻辑,所以D为最合适选项。2. A capable 有能力的,能够 B suitable 适合的,适宜的C efficient 效率高的,有能力的D fit(质量、素质或技能)适合的,合格的解析 本题考核知识点:固定搭配从语法上看,只有Acapable 能够形成 capable o

7、f doing的结构。如:Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million. 即使把人类气味的浓度稀释到不及原来的百万分之一,我们的鼻子仍然能够察觉到它的存在。它代入文中,形容词短语 capable of 做后置定语,修饰名词 a workhouse vehicle,表示“能够的实验室飞行器” 。suitable 和 fit 一般与 for 连用,如:This program is not suitable for ch

8、ildren. 这个节目儿童不宜。It was a meal fit for a king. 这饭菜够得上御膳。efficient 通常跟 at,如: Hes efficient at his job. 他胜任工作。 3. A Served 由提供服务 B Powered 由提供动力C Forced 被强迫 D Reinforced 被加强,加固解析此题考核知识点:上下文意思+ 动词词义辨析空格所在部分是过去分词短语做状语 by reusable rockets,由于句子的主语是 the shuttle,因此空格处填入的过去分词与主语(即,其逻辑主语)之间存在被动关系。因此该部分的含义是:“航

9、天飞机被可重复使用的火箭” 。从选项的含义来看,只有 powered 符合逻辑,表示“可重复使用的火箭为航天飞机提供动力” 。因此B正确。4. A farB wellC muchD long解析本题考核知识点:句意理解+ 短语含义辨析四个词都可以形成 asas 的结构,仅从语法无法做出选择。从短语意思来看, as far as 意为“最多” ,用来表示所能到达的最远范围或距离,如:Ill drive you to as far as the theatre. 我最远把你载到剧院。as well as 意为 in addition to“除 .也” ,如: She is a talented m

10、usician as well as being a photographer.她既是个摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。as much as 意为“最多” ,表示量,如:He doesnt earn as much as I do.他挣的钱不如我多。as long as 意为only if“只要”或 since“由于” ,如:Well go as long as the weather is good. 只要天气好我们就去。As long as there is a demand for these drugs, the financial incentive for drug dealers wi

11、ll be there. 只要对这些毒品有需求,就存在对贩毒者的经济诱因。空格所在句大意为:航天飞机除了运送多种军用设备外,也要运送科学考察仪器,所以,B为合适选项。5. A Then B OrC ButD So解析 本题考核知识点:逻辑关系对此题的解答需要正确理解空格前后句子的逻辑关系。上文提出了航天飞机的作用(携带科学探索设备、军事设备往返于太空) ,下文仍然指出它的其他作用(把材料和机器送入太空,以实现工业目的) 。more significantly说明下文指出的是最重要的作用。所以,此处所用连词应该表示递进的关系。四个选项中只有 but 能够表示转折递进的关系。正确选项为C。Athe

12、n 表示顺接、追加、或因果关系,如, First cook the onions, then add the mushrooms. 先炒洋葱,然后放进蘑菇。She s been very busy at work and then there was all that trouble with her son.她工作一直很忙,另外还有儿子的一大堆麻烦事。Why dont you hire a car? Then you ll be able to visit more of the area.你怎么不租辆车,那样你可以多参观些地方。Bor 连接句子时表示“如果不,则会出现 (不好的)结果” ,

13、如:Hurry up or youll be late. 快,否则你就要来不及了。Dso 表示因果关系,如:It was snowing, and so I could not go out.天在下雪,所以我无法外出。6. A supply 补给, 供给 B introduce 介绍,推出C deliver 运送,输送 D transfer 转移,调转解析 本题考核知识点:句子内部逻辑+动词词义辨析解此题的关键在于弄清楚航天飞机(it) 、材料和机器(materials and machines) 、和太空 (space )之间的联系。显然,三者之间联系应为“航天飞机把材料和机器送到太空” 。

14、 C符合语义。 7. A unimagined 无法想象的 B unsettled 未解决的,未定的C uncovered 被揭露的 Dunsolved 未解决的解析 本题考核知识点:分词形容词辨析空格处填入过去分词形容词,做后置定语,修饰 industrial purposes,相当于一个定语从句:(which are) two decades ago。空格所在句旨在说明航天飞机在工业方面的巨大作用。A代入后表示“航天飞机将会实现的工业目的在 20 年前是无法想象的,符合文意,为正确选项。C “20 年前被揭露的目的”无法表达这一含义。其他项与purposes 不搭配。8. A attrib

15、utedB contributedC appliedD added解析本题考核知识点:动词词义辨析+搭配本题要求考生判断哪个动词可以与介词 to 搭配,并符合文义。四个选项都可以和 to 搭配。所以,需要从语义方面考虑。add to意为“添加,增加”,如:Shall I add your name to the list? 我可以把你的名字写进名单吗?空格所在句大意为:20 年前 sputnik(人造卫星)作为新词被添加到原有的词汇中,所以, Dadd 既符合语法,又符合上下文内容,为正确选项。Aattribute sth to sth 意为“认为属于,把归因于 ”,如:Not all tha

16、t shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snowbelt, census officials say.人口普查官员说,并非所有这些人口迁移都是为了离开寒冷地带。B contribute sth to sth 意为 “有助于,对做出贡献”,如:Her work has contributed much to our understanding of this difficult subject.她的著作十分有助于我们对这个困难问题的了解。Capply sth to sth 意为“使用,应用” ,如:The new technolo

17、gy was applied to farming.这项新技术已应用于农业。9. A general 总体的,一般的 B essential 极其重要的,必不可少的C prevailing 流行的,蔓延的 D ultimate 根本的,最高的解析本题考核知识点:形容词的词义辨析及搭配空格所在句是对该段的总结,它指出,航天飞机的重要性在于它能作为经济工具的。题目要求考生判断哪个形容词能够 importance 连用,并符合文意。只有Dultimate 可以与 importance 搭配,表示“最大的作用 ”。10. A promise (有成功或良好结果的)希望,前景 B prosperity

18、繁荣,昌盛C popularity 流行,普及 D priority 优先权解析本题考核知识点:上下文内容理解+名词词义辨析空格所在句的大意为:航天飞机的重大作用在于其作为经济工具的。代入后只有Apromise 符合句意,为正确选项。11. A exceptional 例外的 B strange 奇怪的 C unique 独特的 D rare 稀有的,罕见的解析 本题考核知识点:近义词辨析四个词都有“与众不同”的意思,但侧重点不同。exceptional 意为 unusual and likely not to happen often,侧重“例外” 。strange 侧重“奇怪” 。uniq

19、ue 意为 very special or unusual,强调“独特” 。rare 侧重“罕见,稀有” 。而文中的“起飞时像火箭,降落时似飞机”显然是航天飞机的“独特之处” ,所以C为正确选项。12. A Thus 因此,于是 B Whereas 然而,却C Nevertheless 尽管如此,还是D Yet 然而本题考核知识点:逻辑关系。本题空格处填入连词,体现本句与前一后之间的逻辑关系。可以先完成 13、14 题,使所在句子含义完整后再来做本题。上文提到,航天飞机的独特之处在于它“起飞时像火箭,降落时似飞机” ,本句提到,航天飞机在完成任务后就可以准备开始两周后的旅程。thus 表示因果

20、关系,如:It was already rather late, thus we decide to go home.已经相当晚了,所以我们决定回家。whereas 表示对比,如:Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.智者热爱真理,愚者回避真理。nevertheless 表示让步,如:The experiment failed. It was, nevertheless, worth making. 试验没有成功,尽管如此,还是值得做的。yet表示转折,如:She is vain and foolish, and yet people like

21、her. 她自负而愚蠢,然而人们喜欢她。根据文意,A更恰当,两句之间为因果关系:因为有这个特点,所以能很快开始新的旅程。13. A venture 冒险,可能遭受危险或损失的事业 B mission 任务,使命C commission 委托,托办之事 D responsibility 责任本题考核知识点:近义名词辨析。空格所在句大意为:航天飞机在完成后就可以做好准备开始两周后的新旅程。用Bmission“任务”一词来形容航天飞机所完成的工作最恰当,而且 accomplish a mission 为常用搭配。14. A newB anotherC certainD subsequent本题考核知

22、识点 可数名词和修饰语的搭配本题中的四个选项从意义上都可行。但是,语法结构上看,只有Banother 可直接接可数名词,trip 若和其他项的形容词搭配,可数名词 trip 之前应加冠词,如:a new trip, a certain trip, a subsequent trip。15. A forB byC inD through解析 本题考核知识点:介词的搭配从词义来看,Afor 表示目的, “为了” 。Bby 和Dthrough 表示通过某种方法、手段。Cin+doing 表示“在某一方面” 。本句大意为:宇宙飞船是在把不可能变为可能这一方面迈出的重要的一步。所以,只有C符合上下文意。

23、a big/magnificent step in doing 经常被用来表示“在方面取得了重大突破” 。全文翻译美国的航天飞机是太空实现工业化的关键。有了航天飞机,宇航员有了可以多次往返于太空和地球之间的实验室飞行器。由载重 65,000 磅的可重复使用的火箭提供动力,航天飞机将携带科学探索设备,还有各种各样的军事设备往返于太空。更重要的是,它将把一些材料和机器送入太空,以实现某些工业目的,而这些目的在 20 年前“人造卫星”这个字眼刚刚出现时还无法想象。总之,航天飞机的重要性在于其作为经济工具所带来的美好前景。航天飞机的独特之处在于它起飞时像火箭,降落时如飞机。正因如此,航天飞机在完成任务

24、后就可以准备开始两周后的旅程。航天飞机是世界上第一艘真正的宇宙飞船。它是为了人类的生存和利益而变不可能为可能的道路上迈出的辉煌的一步。Part Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your

25、choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points)Passage 1It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a

26、tiger in the tank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. (Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers” campaign, o

27、therwise it may get completely out of hand.)Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towa

28、rds relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgments of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowada

29、ys dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear

30、anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodie

31、s of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone ma

32、ster the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.31. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused b

33、y _.A peoples attitude towards the road-hogB the rhythm of modern lifeC the behavior of the driverD traffic conditions32. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog. the rule.” (Para. 1) implies that _.A our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB rude drivers can be met only occas

34、ionallyC the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists33. By “good sense,” the writer means _.A the drivers ability to understand and react reasonablyB the drivers prompt response to difficult and severe conditionsC the driver

35、s tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorD the drivers acknowledgement of politeness and regulations34. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, _.A road users should make more sacrificeB drivers should be ready to yield to each otherC drivers should have more com

36、munication among themselvesD drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others35. In the writers opinion, _.A strict traffic regulations are badly neededB drivers should apply road politeness properlyC rude drivers should be punishedD drivers should avoid traffic jams文章结构总体分析本文主要讲述了交通问

37、题的缘起(司机的不恰当行为)及解决办法。 第一段为第一部分:司机缺乏礼貌是马路问题的罪魁祸首。 第二、三段为第二部分:文明驾驶有助于改善交通状况,但滥用礼貌同样会带来灾难。 第四段为第三部分:恰当的开车技巧和相互理解的态度有助于解决交通问题。 试题具体分析16. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by_.16. 根据本文内容,道路问题的主要原因在于_。A peoples attitude towards the road-hog A 人们对于鲁莽驾驶员的态度B the rhythm of m

38、odern life B 现代生活的节奏C the behavior of the driver C 司机的行为D traffic conditions D 交通条件分析 本题考核知识点:第一段主旨题。第一段第二句至段末的内容指出:好人一旦驾车也可能成为伤人的妖怪;过分大胆的司机(tiger)会造成很大的麻烦;鉴于文明驾车的司机太少的现状,为了不至于情况完全失控,有必要发起名为“对其他司机好点”的运动。这说明,形成道路问题的主要原因是司机的行为。 另外,本文其余部分全部是围绕“司机如何正确运用礼貌(politeness) ,以减少道路问题”进行讨论。所以,C 为正确选项。误选A是因为没有正确理

39、解 You might toleraterule,本句旨在说明:文明驾驶的司机并不常见;而并非说明人们对于鲁莽司机的态度。B 、 D舍本逐末:文章第一段提到现代生活的节奏和交通状况是为了引出道路问题的主要原因司机的行为。17.The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog.the rule.”(Para.1) implies that_.17. 第一段的句子 You might tolerate the odd road-hog the rule 说明_。A our society is unjust towards well-mannere

40、d motoristsA 我们的社会对待有礼貌的驾车人有失公平。B rude drivers can be met only occasionally B 粗鲁的司机很少碰到C the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogC 礼貌的驾车人不能容忍野蛮司机。D nowadays impolite drivers constitute the D 现在不礼貌的司机占大多数。majority of motorists分析 本题考核知识点:根据上下文理解句意。本句大意:你可以容忍古怪、粗鲁、不体谅人的司机,但现今文明驾驶的司机却实属罕见

41、。exception to the rule 意为 “例外 ”。D 是 the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule 的改写,表达相同的意思,所以为正确选项。B与事实相反。A、C文中未提及。18. By “good sense”, the writer means_. 18. 作者用“good sense”指_。A the drivers ability to understand and react reasonablyA 司机理解(他人的行为)并做出合理反应的能力B the drivers prompt response t

42、o difficult and severe conditionsB 司机对于困难且严峻的条件做出的迅速反应C the drivers tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorC 司机对于粗鲁甚至野蛮的行为的容忍D the drivers acknowledgment of politeness and regulationsD 司机对于礼貌和规则的认可分析 本题考核知识点:根据上下文理解短语。根据题干关键词 good sense 锁定第二段第一句。由于该句是段落主题句,所以对它的理解必然基于对本段内容的把握。本段第一句指出:马路文明不仅是 good

43、manners,还是 good sense。下文开始对 good sense 进行具体阐述。第二句说明如何对待他人不礼貌的行为:克制住自己不进行报复;第三句到段末说明如何对待他人的礼貌行为:表示理解并做出认可的反应。所以,A是这两方面内容的概括。C和D都只涉及一个方面的内容,不全面,B中“ 困难且严峻的条件” 太笼统, “快速反应”在该段也没有提到。19. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, _.19. 专家早就指出:面对汽车拥有者的突增,_。A road users should

44、 make more sacrifice A 马路使用者应该做出更多的牺牲B drivers should be ready to yield to each otherB 司机应该准备彼此让步Cdrivers should have more communication among themselvesC 司机之间应该有更多的交流Ddrivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to othersD 司机之间若不互相尊重,他们会遭受巨大损失分析:本题考核知识点:细节题。根据题干中出现的关键词 Experts,car-ownershi

45、p explosion 锁定全文倒数第二句。对本题进行判断的主要依据来自于对短语 give-and-take 的理解。考生根据本合成词的构成很容易猜测出 give-and-take 意为:互相让步,互相迁就(make mutual concessions) ,B中的 yield to each other 即为此意,所以为正确选项。20. In the writers opinion, _. 20. 作者认为_。Astrict traffic regulations are badly needed A 急需严格的交通规则Bdrivers should apply road politenes

46、s properlyB 司机应该有适当的马路礼貌C rude drivers should be punished C 野蛮的司机应该受到惩罚D drivers should avoid traffic jams D 司机应该避免交通阻塞分析 本题考核知识点:作者观点题。理解作者的观点需要纵观全文。本文第二段说明司机应该礼貌驾驶并对同行的礼貌行为做出合理反应。第三段说明司机误用礼貌(misplaced politeness ) 同样危险。所以,本文是从正反两方面分析了 politeness 对减少道路问题的作用。properly 对于作者的观点最具有概括力,所以 B为正确选项。本文并没有从利用

47、交通法规减少交通问题方面进行讨论,所以A非本文论述内容。本文也没有提及对野蛮司机的惩罚,所以C非正确选项。文章只在开头作为马路问题产生原因之一提及 traffic jam,而并没有提到司机应该避免交通高峰以减少交通问题,所以D非正确选项。长难句分析1. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps tocreate an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions.本句主干为:A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgehelps to create and atmosphere of. 介词短语 in response to politeness 是 wave of acknowledgment 的后置定语,形容词短语 so necessaryconditions 是 an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance 的后

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