1、Book 2Unit 1 Cultural relics1、He insists it belongs to his family.他坚持说这是他家的。动词 insist 后面所接的从句有两种情况，当表示“坚持要干某事”时，用虚拟语气；当表示“坚持认为（主张、想法和事实） ”时，不用虚拟语气。Mother insisted that I（should）use the old bicycle.妈妈坚持要我骑那辆旧自行车。 （坚持要别人干，虚拟语气）He insisted that he was right.他坚持认为他是对的。 （坚持认为，真实语气）2、Frederick William , t
2、he king of Prussia, could never have imagined that hisgreatest gift to the Russian people would have such a strange history.普鲁士国王威廉一世决不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人的礼物会有这样一段离弃的历史。情态动词+have done 表示对过去发生的事的推测、批评、反悔等意。When you spoke in front of 300 people yesterday, you must have felt very nervous.你昨天面对 300 人讲话时，一定很紧张吧。
3、 （推测）You failed again in exam. You should have studied hard.你考试又没有及格。你本来应该好好学习（批评）It is raining hard now. I neednt have watered the flower this morning.下大雨啦！我本来不必给花浇水的。 （反悔）3、Once it is heated, the amber can be made into any shape.加热后，琥珀可以被制作成各种形式。小结 make 的相关搭配：be made into 被制成；被做成be made from 由制成（原
4、料看不见）be made of 由制成（原料看得见）be made up of 由组成Bamboo can be made into fine paper.竹子可以制成优质纸。This bridge is made of stone.这座桥是石料建的。 （原料看得见）Some paper is made from bamboo.有些纸是竹子做的。 （原料看不见）Our school is made up of 30 classes.我们学校是由 30 个班组成的。4、This was a time when the two countries were at war.这是在两国交战的时期。at
5、 the war 处于交战时期，英语中有些介词+名词后，可以表示状态。be at work 在上班 be at school 在上学 be at table 在吃饭be on fire 着火了 be on duty 在值班 be on sale 在销售中be in trouble 在困难中 be in danger 在危险中 be in debt 欠债5、After that, what really happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.从那以后，琥珀屋的最终所归成了一个迷。动词 remain 后接名词或形容词，意为“保持；继续；依然” 。
6、They remain good friends even though they entered different high schools.他们尽管进入不同的高中就读，感情仍然很好。My English remains poor, so I must take a further step.我的英语依然很差，我必须采取进一步的措施。remain 可用副词 still（仍然）和 all the same（仍然）来转换，如例 2 可转换为：My English is still poor, so I must take a further step.My English is poor al
7、l the same, so I must take a further step.6、I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room.我很欣赏那些为寻找琥珀屋而努力的人们。think highly of 赞赏；高度评价=think much of=think well of反义词组：think little of 或 think nothing of=think ill ofThey all think highly of the picture on the wall.他们都很欣赏墙上的那幅画。Some of us
8、thought little of his speech at the yesterdays meeting.我们有些人对他昨天在会议上的发言评价并不高。语法：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句课本 P86P87重点词汇1、survive/live/exist/staystay 为短期逗留，live 为长期居住，exist 是“存在”的意思，survive 为 continue tolive，remain alive after or live longer than sb.Although I dont live in this city, I want to stay here for an
9、other few days.尽管我不是居住在这个城市，但我想在这儿多呆几天。We cannot exist without air.没有空气我们就不能生存。Luckily he survived the traffic accident.车祸之后他幸免于死。 （ vt.）He survived his wife for five years.他比他的妻子多活 5 年。 （ vt.）The custom still survives.那风俗仍然流传着。survival n.幸存；逃生 survivor n.幸存者2、belong to 属于请判断以下四个句中哪一个是正确的？A This hou
10、se belong to my uncle.B This car isnt belong to my uncle.C This car belongs to mine.D Does it belong to her?正确的一个是 D.3、search/in search of 寻找寻找有以下三种表达方法：search v.search some place for sthsearch for sth in some placesearch n.in search of试用以上三种方法翻译句子：警方正在森林里搜查被盗的小汽车。The police are searching in for a s
11、tolen car in the forest.The police are searching the forest for a stolen car.The police are in search of the stolen car in the forest.4、fancy/imagine 想象fancy 和 imagine 当动词用时都是“想象”的意思，可以换用，但 imagine 只能作动词，名词为 imagination；而 fancy 既可以作动词，又可以作形容词。Can you fancy/imagine his crossing the strait in such a s
12、hort time?你能想象他在这么短的时间横渡海峡吗？（ vt.）Dragons are creatures of Chinese fancy.龙是中国人幻想出来的动物。 （ n.）There are many fancy goods in this shop.这家商店有很多花哨商品。5、 “怀疑”的几种表达法There is no doubt that our volleyball team will win the game.（ n.）=We have no doubt that our volleyball team will win the game.（ n.）=We dont do
13、ubt that our volleyball team will win the game.（ vt.）毫无疑问，我们的排球队要赢。There is some doubt whether John will come here on time.（ n.）=We have some doubt whether John will come here on time.（ n.）=We doubt whether/if John will come here on time.（ vt.）=We have doubtful whether/if John will come here on time
14、.（ adj.）我们怀疑约翰是否按时到这儿来。6、consider doing sth 或 consider+疑问词+to do 是“考虑干某事”的意思consider to be（to do）认为consider 接从句，根据上下文确定意思。Im considering changing my job.我正考虑调动工作。Have you considered how to get there?=Have you considered how you could get there?你考虑过如何到达那里吗？We consider him（to be）a lazy worker.=We cons
15、ider that he is a lazy worker.我们认为他是懒惰的工人。7、pretend 怎么用？pretend“假装”的意思，其后接名词、动词不定式或从句。He pretended to be sleeping.=He pretended that he was sleeping.他假装在睡觉。He pretended sickness.=He pretended that he was sick.他假装病了。Unit 2 The Olympic Games1、Every four years athletes from all over the world are admit
16、ted as competitors.每四年，来自全世界的运动员都可以参赛。be admitted as 作为被接受；be admitted to 被接受到某处He was admitted as member of the baseball team.他被接受为棒球队的一名队员。They were admitted as Party members when they graduated from high school.他们高中毕业时被接纳为党员。Children under 18 are not admitted to this film.未满 18 岁的小孩不得入场看这部电影。How
17、many students have been admitted to the school this year?今年有多少学生获准入学？2、All countries can take part if they reach the standard to be admitted to the games.所有国家都能参加比赛，只要他们达到了参赛的标准。take part 之后不能接宾语，而 take part in 之后要接宾语。There is a basketball game this afternoon. Will you C?There is a basketball game f
18、or me to B this afternoon.Hot as it was, we D an important meeting yesterday.A took part B take part in C take part D took part in3、A special village is built for competitors to live in, a stadium for competitions,a very large swimming pool, a gymnasium as well as seats for those that watchthe games
19、.有一个特殊的村庄供参赛的人住，有供比赛用的体育场，有很大的游泳池，有室内体育馆，还有观众席呢。as well as 和 as well 怎样区别？as well 意为“还，也” ，相当于 too，常位于句末。She went there as well.=She went there too.她也到那儿去。He speaks English, and Chinese as well.他既讲英语，又讲中文。as well as 与 as well 同义，但常用来连接两个并列成分，强调的重点是第一个成分，如果连接的两个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数和第一个一致。On Sundays, his la
20、ndlady provided dinner as well as breakfast.星期天他的女房东不但给他提供早餐，还提供晚餐。Mr. Smith, as well as his children has come to China.史密斯先生和他的小孩一起来到了中国。4、I will only be married to a man who can run faster than I.我只嫁给比我跑得快的男人。get/be married to sb 和某人结婚marry sb 娶（嫁给）某人这两个短语都不能与介词 with 连用。She was married to a foreig
21、ner.她嫁给了一个外国人。She married a man with a lot of money.她嫁给了一个有钱人。My son married last month. He married Jean, a nice girl.我儿子上个月结婚了。新娘是琼，一个非常好的女孩。5、Make sure you take turns to be a leader of your group so that everybody gets achance to talk for the group and become more confident in speaking English.要确保
22、你们轮流做小组的负责人，这样人人都有机会代表小组讲话，也就是大家讲英语更有信心了。take turns to do sth 轮流做某事=do sth by turnsWe take turns to clean our classroom.=We clean our classroom by turns.我们轮流打扫教室。be/become confident in doing sth=feel/be confident of sth 对充满信心We are all confident of victory.我们对胜利充满信心。The boy is confident in doing eve
23、rything.这男孩做什么事都自信。语法：被动语态的结构：主语+be 动词的不同时态+过去分词（by）+其它一般将来时的被动语态：主语+will be+过去分词+（by）+其它重点词汇1、take part in/join/join in/attend 参加这些词语都有“参加”的意思，但要注意区别：take part in 参加活动或会议join 参加某种组织，成为其中一员join（sb）in 和某人一起活动；陪某人做某事attend 出席或参加某种会议Her brother joined the army three years ago.Will you join us in the ga
24、me?Most of us take an active part in sports every day.There is an important meeting for me to attend/take part in.Will you join me in a drink?（陪我喝酒）2、host vt. 做东；款待；主办；主持host n. 男主持人；男主人；东道主hostess n. 女主持人；女主人It is known that China will host the 2008 Olympic Games. It will be the hostcountry for the
25、 Olympic Games.众所周知，中国将主办 2008 年奥运会，成为主办国。Ill host all of you this evening.今晚我做东款待你们大家。As you know, they are all good hosts.他们很好客，你是知道的。3、a set of/a suit of 一套表示一套衣服时用 a suit of 或 a set of，表示一套工具、一套家具、一套著作等时，要用 a set of。She went to the shop to buy a suit of clothes.=She went to the shop to buy a set
26、 of clothes.她到商店去买一套衣服。This new pair has bought a dinner set and a set of bedroom furniture.这对新婚夫妇买了一套餐具和一套卧室家具。4、replace/take the place of/in place of/instead of 替代；取代这些词语都有“替代”的意思，replace 可以和 take the place 换用，而 in place of和 instead of 都是短语介词，不能单独作谓语。Can anything replace a mothers love and care?=C
27、an anything take the place of a mothers love and care?有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和照顾吗？Mr. Smith is ill, so I have to work here in place of/instead of him.史密斯先生病了，我只好替他在这儿上班。I usually go to school on foot instead of by bus.我通常步行上学，而不坐公交车。此处的 instead of 不能用 in place of 替换。in place of 后只能接名词和代词，而 insteadof 之后既可以接名词、代
28、词，还可以接动名词、介词短语等。5、relate . to 使有关 relate to 与有关relate 既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词。We should relate a result with（to）its cause.（ vt.）我们应该把结果和原因联系起来。This letter relates to our company.（ vi.）=This letter has relations with our company.这封信与我们公司有关。“与有关”的其它表达方法：1）have something to do with2）concern vt.3）be concerne
29、d with sb. or sth.4）be concerned with（to）6、promise vt.&n. 答应；允诺Mother promised me to buy a new bicycle.=Mother promised that she would buy me a new bicycle.=Mother made a promise that she would buy me a new bicycle.Unit 3 Computers1、I know this sounds very simple, but at that time it was a technolog
30、ical revolution.我知道这听起来很简单，但是在那个时候这却是一项技术革命。sound+形容词，意为“听起来如何” ，sound like+名词，是“听起来像”的意思。It sounds like a train. Lets hurry.（a train 可数名词，注意冠词）快点，这听起来好像是火车的声音。It sounds like water. Didnt you turn off the tape?（water，不可数名词）听起来好像是水的声音，难道你没有关水龙头？What he said sounded reasonable.他说的话听起来好像有道理。2、My real f
31、ather was Alan Turing who in 1936 wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work and built a“universal machine”to solve any mathematical problem.我真正的父亲是艾伦图林，他 1936 年曾写过一本书，书中描写了使计算机工作的方法，并且他还制作了一台“通用机器”来解决数学问题。这是一个定语从句，它属于 A 句型。No one could recognize me after I got my new transistors i
32、n the 1960s.20 世纪 60 年代我有了新的晶体管之后，就没有人能认出我了。关于“在某年、某月、某年代”的表达：in 1960=in the year 1960 在 1960 年in September, 1960=in the September of 1960 在 1960 年 9 月in the 1960s=in the 1960s 在 20 世纪 60 年代3、I love being used to connect people who arent close enough to speak to eachother.我喜欢被相距遥远的人们用来彼此联系。love to d
33、o 和 love doing 的意思差不多，都是“喜欢做某事”的意思，细微区别是 loveto do 侧重具体的、某一次的动作，而 love doing 强调经常性的动作。这样的动词常见的还有 like，begin，start 等。但是 would/should love 和 would/should like 之后必须接 to do。I like swimming very much, but I dont like to swim in such bad weather today.我（平时）非常喜欢游泳，但今天天气太差，我不想游。I love to stay（staying）outsid
34、e when it is too hot.天气热的时候我喜欢呆在外边。.Would you like to go there with us?.Yes, Id like to.你愿意和我们一起到那儿去吗？愿意。4、I think we can work together to create an even better system.我觉得我们可以合作创造出一个更好的系统。even，still，much，a lot，a great deal，a little，a bit，no 之后都可以接形容词或副词的比较级。He is trying to make even greater progress
35、.他正尽力争取更大的进步。The boy is far taller than before.这男孩比以前高多了。It is a little cooler today than yesterday.今天比昨天凉爽一点。He is no richer than I.=He is as poor as I.他和我一样穷。You have done a lot better than I expected.你做的比我预料的要好得多。5、In a way, my programmer is like my coach.从某种程度上看，我的程序员好比是我的教练。in a way 在某种程度上，从某个意
36、义上说by the way 顺便问（说）on the（ones）way 在路上In a way, her English has improved but there is still a long way to go.从某种程度上看，她的英语有进步，但对她来说，路还很长。His teacher considers him clever and in a way he is right.他的老师认为他很聪明，从某些方面看，老师是对的。By the way, at what time will you start?顺便问一下，你们几点出发？On our way home, we were cau
37、ght in the rain.在回家的路上，我们淋雨了。6、After all, with the help of my computer brain, which never forget anything,intelligence is what Im all about.不管怎样，在我过目不忘的计算机头脑的帮助下，智能就是我的一切。after all 尽管；到底（最终） ；究竟；毕竟Dont scold her. After all, she is a five-year-old girl.别责备她，毕竟她还是一个五岁的女孩。So you see, I was right after
38、all.所以你看， （最终）我还是对了吧。语法：1、被动语态的结构：主语+be 动词的不同时态+过去分词（by）+（其它）现在完成时的被动语态：主语+have/has+been+过去分词+（by）+（其它）重点词汇1、common adj. 共同的；共有的in common 共同；共有have/has sth in common with sb. 与某人有共同语言（共同之处）have/has sth in common 共同使用；共同拥有They have English as a common language.他们都把英语作为共同语言。We are good friends and we
39、have common interest.我们是好朋友，我们有共同兴趣。I dont know why she has nothing in common with us.我不知道她为什么和我们没有共同语言（共同之处） 。There is only one computer in this room, so we have to have it in common.房间里只有一台电脑，我们只好共有。2、anyway=anyhow 无论如何，无论怎样The house is locked and I cant get in anyway/anyhow.房门锁着，无论怎样我也进不去。Anyway/
40、Anyhow I shall not go there today.无论如何我今天不会到那儿去。It is raining hard. Anyway, we must finish it no time.在下大雨，但无论如何我们必须按时完成任务。3、so . that，such . that . 如此以至于，比较以下例句，归纳 so . that和 such . that .的区别：He was so tired that he couldnt walk any longer.他如此只累，以至于一步也走不动了。He ran so fast that nobody could catch up
41、with him.他跑得如此之快，以至于没有人能赶上他。It is so interesting a film that everyone likes to see it.=It is such an interesting film that everyone likes to see it.这部电影如此有趣， （以至于）人人喜欢看。It is such dirty water that nobody dares to drink.水如此之脏，没有人敢喝。She bought such expensive clothes that she spend up the money.她买的衣服如此
42、贵， （以至于）把钱花光了。小结：so 后面接形容词、副词、和可数名词的单数，但冠词在形容词之后。such 之后接不可数名词、可数名词的复数和单数名词。4、deal with 处理；对付 do with 处理；容忍；将就这两个短语都有“处理”的意思，区别在于 deal 是不及物动词，不能接宾语，而 do 是及物动词，可以接宾语。There is so much water in the room. What will you do with it?=There is so much water in the room. How will you deal with it?房间里这么多水，你如何
43、处置？第一句中的 what 为及物动词 do 的宾语，第二句中的 how 作 deal with it 的状语，how不可换为 what。Tell me what you did with yourself on Sundays?=Tell me how you dealt with yourself on Sundays?告诉我你星期天是怎样度过的？This fellow is hard to deal with.这家伙很难对付。5、choose vt.&vi. 选择；挑选 choice n. 选择；挑选重要句型：cannot choose but do=have no choice but
44、 to do 别无它择，只好It is raining hard. We cannot choose but stop our game.=It is raining hard. We have no choice but to stop our game.下大雨了，我们没有别的选择，只好停止比赛。He cannot choose but obey.=He has no choice but to obey.他只好服从。6、make up 弥补；化妆，打扮；编造；配置；组成make up 是一个常用短语You should study hard and make up for lost tim
45、e.你应该努力学习，弥补损失的时间。Look, the actors are busy making up themselves.看，演员们正忙于化妆。He often makes up a story to cheat us.他经常编故事骗我们。Our school is made up of 38 classes.我们学校由 38 个班组成。Unit 4 Wildlife protection1、As a result, many of them died out.结果，许多物种消亡了。as a result 和 as a result of 都是“结果”的意思，但 as a result
46、 在句中作插入语，后面不能接东西，而 as a result of 是短语介词，of 之后要接宾语。He had a road accident. As a result, he stayed in hospital for a whole mouth.他出了一次车祸，结果在医院躺了整整一个月。此句可用 as a result of 转换：As a result of a road accident, he stayed in hospital for a whole mouth.2、What other endangered species do you know?你还知道有哪些其它濒于灭绝
47、的物种呢？endangered 是动词的过去分词作形容词，在此作定语修饰名词 species。在英语中，动词的过去分词表示被动（如 interested，inspired） ， “感到的”或“被的”的意思，动词的现在分词（如 exciting，interesting） ，表示主动，常译为“令人的” ，过去分词和现在分词在句子中都可以作定语修饰名词。When shall we send the corrected papers back to them?我们什么时候把（被）更正过的作业还给他们？The unexpected arrival of the letter made us jump w
48、ith joy.这封（感到出乎意料的）突然的来信使我们高兴地跳了起来。This was exciting news and all the excited children were wild with joy.这个消息令人兴奋不已，那些（感到）激动的孩子欣喜若狂。3、I believe that you are concerned about animals and plants disappearing.我相信你对动植物逐渐消亡很关心。disappearing 是动词 disappear 的-ing 形式，也称作现在分词，在此作介词 about 的宾语，它前面的 animals 和 pla
49、nts 是 disappear 意义上的主语，是主动关系；这种意义上的主语常使用名词、名词所有格、代词的所有格或代词宾格的形式。He is proud of his father being a famous scientist.（名词）他父亲是一个著名的科学家，为此他感到骄傲。I dont like my sisters going to such a place.（名词所有格）我不愿意我妹妹去那样一个地方。Im sorry my coming has added to your trouble.十分抱歉我的到来增添了你的麻烦。Do you mind me（my）smoking here?（代词宾格或代词所有格，口语常用宾格）我在这儿抽烟你介意吗？4、Daisy hurried to get dressed and put on her skirt and sweater.黛西急忙穿戴起来，他穿好短裙和毛衣。get dressed 穿戴起
