1、1八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理动词不定式是由“不定式符号 to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带 to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如：1. I t is our duty
2、to try our best to deal with these problems.2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. 3.How to learn English well is important. 4.To see is to believe.(眼见为实；百闻不如一见)二、用作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：1.The best way is to join an English club.2.The first thing is to listen to the
3、teacher carefully. 三、用作宾语1.可以接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to
4、 visit Mexico.2.动词 decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介词结构 on.可用疑问词带 to的不定式短语作宾语，但 why 后面的不定式不带 to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. 3.动词 feel, find, make, think 等后面，可以用 it 作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel / find / mak
5、e / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接动词不定式又可接 ving 形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有 begin, start, like, love 等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving 形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：1)Then I started to watch Tv.2)Im beginning to understand my parents.beg
6、in 用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。3)I like to eat vegetables. 2感知动词 like, love, know 等一般不用进行时态。5.后接动词不定式或 ving 形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有 forget, remember 等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接 ving 形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do 停下来做另外一件事， to do 是目的状语；stop doing 停止做、不做当前这件事，doing 是宾语。try to do 尽力做，try doing 试试看；go on to do 接着做另外
7、的事，go on doing 继续做原来的事。如：1)When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me.2)I stopped using them last year. 四、用作定语1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系.1)I have so many clothes to wash today.2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. 3)We have no houses to live in.2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是 place,
8、time, way 等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如：1)He needs time to do homework.2) He wants to know the best way to travel around the city.3.在“there be.”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象：1)Theres just so much to see and do here.2). but there are still many things to do there.五、用作宾语补足语1.带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, all
9、ow, , advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, , invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes. 2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带 to，被动语态句里带 to 时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe, s
10、ee, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“ 感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：1)This picture makes me feel excited！2)We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.3.help 后接动词不定式作补语，to 可带可不带。1) they can help you to learn English.2)Using email English helps you write quickly. 六、用作状语1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。
11、如：1)In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early.2)A group of young people got together to discuss this question. 3)She came to this city to visit her daughter.2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”结构句中。如：31) I feel very lucky to have him.2) he ran out of money to buy old bikes. 3.结果状语，多见于“too.to”
12、 ， “enough to.”结构句中。如：1) Im too tired to do it well. 2)The room is big enough for three people to live in.七、动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of 引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用 for 还是 of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是 careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, w
13、ise 等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for 前面的形容词是 dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary 等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，前面如果是名词用 for。如：1.Its a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening. 2.Its wise of him to do it well.3)Is it interesting for the baby to pl
14、ay with a pet dog?八、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词 what, which, who 或疑问副词 how, when, where, why 等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why 后面的不定式不带 to。如：1.用作句子的成分。1)I dont know what to try next. (作宾语)2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?
15、2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?九、动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是 not / never to do.，不带 to 的不定式的否定式是 not / never do.如：1.They decide not to talk to each other.2.His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street. 非谓语动词总结一后面可跟动词的 ing 形式的情况1.动词： finish doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；practice d
16、oing sth. 练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；consider doing sth.考虑做某事；suggest doing sth.建议做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事； keep doing sth.持续做某事42.固定短语： feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事；be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事； have difficult/trouble in doing
17、sth 做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by 等)如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb. from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested in doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of4.to
18、作介词的情况 look forward to doing sth 期望做某事； prefer doing sth. to doing sth 与相比较更喜欢； pay attention to doing 注意做某事； be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to 为做贡献二后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况1.动词：agree to do 同意去做；afford to do 买得起；decide to do 决定去做某事；hope to do 希望去做；wish to do 希望去做；fail to do 做某事失败去；plan t
19、o do 打算去做；pretend to do 假装去做； refuse to do 拒绝去做；would like to do 想要去做；want to do 想要去做某事； learn to do 学做；prefer to do sth. 喜欢（爱）做某事；sb. seem to do sth 好像做某事；want/would like to do sth. 想做；used to do sth. 过去常做某事2.句型. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事asked sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）tell sb. (no
20、t) to do sth. 叫某人去（不要）做某事follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事be excited to do sth. 对做感到兴奋 be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事be so
21、rry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉 be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇cant wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会Its + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样Its +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth.It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）Its best for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的Its t
22、ime for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了too(for sb.) to 太以致不能 =not enough to do prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿而不愿（常考）something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西（词不定式放在 something 等后修饰这些Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很难/容易take turns to do sth. 轮流做5There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 对（某人来说）没时间做某事了The
23、re is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事try/do ones best to do sth. 尽力去做某事三、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况： 1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词有些动词接 doing 和 to do 意义相近像 like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate( 憎恨)，prefer(宁可) ，begin(开始 )，start(开始)，continue(继续)。如：等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大：如：like to do 表示想要做某一具体的动作 like dong 表示一般或抽象的多次动作 它们在实际使用中区别很小。 2
24、、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词： remember to do(记住去做) remember doing(记得做过) forget to do(忘记去做) forget doing(忘记做过) try to do(设法做) try doing(试着做) go on to do(接着做另一事) go on doing(继续做同一事) stop to do(停下来去做) stop doing(停止做) cant help to do(不能帮助做) cant help doing(情不自禁做) 四、后跟不带 to 的不定式（动词原形）的情况。1在感官动词和使役动词后feel， hear， lis
25、ten to，watch ，look at，see， notice ，make，let，have 等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号 to。注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号 to 应加上。 在动词 help 后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带 to，也可不带 to。2.助动词或情态动词后：do, did, does, will, shall, would, should, can, may, must 等后面接不带 to 的动词不定式。3.某些固定句型中1）Will（Would）you please（not） ？请（不要）做某事好吗？2）had better 最好做某
26、事3）Why not ？为何不做某事 4) would rather(not).宁可(不)；宁愿(不)此句型也可以扩展成：would rather.than.=would.rather than.。5）在祈使语气(或口语)中。五既可跟动词原形又可跟动词 ing 形式的情况。see,watch,hear 等动词，后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做。see/watch sb. do sth.看到某人做过( 经常做）某事 see/watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事hear sb. do sth.听到某人做过（经常做）某事 hear
27、sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事单项选择：（ ）1. The teacher told them _ make so much noise. A. dont B. not C. will not D. not to （ ）2. My mother often tells me _so many mistakes.A. not to make B. to not make C. dont make D. not make 6（ ）3. Tell him _ the window. A. to shut (关)not B. not to shut C. to not shut D.
28、not shut （ ） 4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to （ ）5. Mrs Smith warned(警告) her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive （ ） 6. The doctor asked the pati
29、ent _rich food after the operation(手术). A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating （ ）7. The workers want us _ together with them. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked （ ）8. I saw him _ out of the room. A. go B. went C.is going D. goes （ ）9. He often makes his little sister _,A. cry
30、B. crying C. cried D. to cry（ ） 10 Therere so many kinds of new bikes on sale that I cant make up my mind _ to buy. A. what B. which C. how D. where （ ）11. He cant decide _ to stay or not. A. whether B. if C. either D. if he will （ ）12. - The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. tur
31、ning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. turned it off （ ）13. We agreed _ here. A. met B. meeting C. to meet D. meet （ ）14. Frank is the kind of person who people like to _. A. make friend with B. make friends of C. make friends D. make friends with （ ）15. Go on _ the other exercise after you
32、 finishthis one. A. to do B. doing C.does D. did（ ）16. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rockA. rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest （ ） 17. Tom kept quiet about the accident because he was afraid of_ his job. A. lose B. to lose C. losing D. lost（ ）18. I need a day or two _. A.
33、to think it over B. to think over C. of thinking （ ）19. He was too excited _. 7A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking （ ） 20. Im hungry. Get me something _. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating （ ）21. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change ?A. to try going B. t
34、rying to go C. to try and go D. try going （ ）22. I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems. A. spend B. spare C. save D. share （ ）23. They wont let his mother _him in that way. A. to treat B. treated C. treat D. treats（ ）24. Im sorry I forgot _your dictionary. Lets
35、borrow one from Li Ming. A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing （ ） 25. She couldnt decide which restaurant _. A. to have lunch B. to eat C. to eat at D. eating at （ ） 26. Dont forget _ the letter .A. to send B. send C. sending D. sent（ ）27. The chair looks very old, I want a new one _ .A. sit
36、 B.to sit on C. sat D.sit on （ ）28. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow ?A. this B. that C. it D. which（ ）29. Im afraid they would not allow（允许） him _ here .A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke（ ）30. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it .A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil（ ）
37、31. On my way home , I stopped _ some food .A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought（ ）32. He made John _ the car for a week as a punishment(惩罚) .A. to wash B. washing C. wash D.are washing（ ）33. He needs _his bedroom ,because its too dirty.A. clean B. cleaningC. to clean D. cleaned（ ）34. The first thing is _ .A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him（ ）35. Li Yang advised me _ too much.8A. not to drink B. to drinkC. not drinking D. drinking
