1、 stocks 存货，库存量cash sale 现货purchase 购买，进货bulk sale 整批销售，趸售distribution channels 销售渠道wholesale 批发retail trade 零售业hire-purchase 分期付款购买fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市unfair competition 不合理竞争dumping 商品倾销dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度antidumping 反倾销customs bond 海关担保chain debts 三角债freight fo
2、rwarder 货运代理trade consultation 贸易磋商mediation of dispute 商业纠纷调解partial shipment 分批装运restraint of trade 贸易管制RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 区域贸易安排favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差special preferences 优惠关税bonded warehouse 保税仓库transit trade 转口贸易tariff barrier 关税壁垒tax reba
3、te 出口退税TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技术性贸易壁垒贸易伙伴术语trade partner 贸易伙伴manufacturer 制造商，制造厂middleman 中间商，经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer, tradesman 零售商merchant 商人，批发商，零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者consumer 消费者，用户client, customer 顾客，客户buyer 买主，买方carrier 承运人consignee 收货人进出口贸易词汇comm
4、erce, trade, trading 贸易inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 国内贸易international trade 国际贸易foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易，外贸import, importation 进口importer 进口商export, exportation 出口exporter 出口商import licence 进口许口证export licence 出口许口证commercial transaction 买卖，交易inquiry 询盘delivery 交货order 订货make a
5、 complete entry 正式/完整申报bad account 坏帐Bill of Lading 提单marine bills of lading 海运提单shipping order 托运单blank endorsed 空白背书endorsed 背书cargo receipt 承运货物收据condemned goods 有问题的货物catalogue 商品目录customs liquidation 清关customs clearance 结关贸易价格术语 trade term / price term 价格术语world / international market price 国际市
6、场价格FOB (free on board) 离岸价C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价freight 运费wharfage 码头费landing charges 卸货费customs duty 关税port dues 港口税import surcharge 进口附加税import variable duties 进口差价税commission 佣金return commission 回佣，回扣price including commission 含佣价net price 净价wholesale p
7、rice 批发价discount / allowance 折扣retail price 零售价spot price 现货价格current price 现行价格 / 时价indicative price 参考价格customs valuation 海关估价price list 价目表total value 总值贸易保险术语All Risks 一切险F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险F.W.R.D. (Fres
8、h Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of Odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险Shortage Risk 短缺险T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Strikes Risk 罢工险贸易机构词汇WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织CTG (Coun
9、cil for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议GATT (Ge
10、neral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定Baby Scooter 儿童踏板车Disabled Scooter 残障人车E-Scooter 电动踏板车Electric Scooter 电动踏板车Flying Shoes 飞行鞋Folding Scooter 折叠踏板车Freestyle Scooter 极限时髦踏板车Gas/Gasoline Scooter 汽动踏板车/汽油踏板车/汽油机踏板车Golf Scooter 高尔夫球车Harly Scooter 哈利车/太子车/汽油小跑车Kick Scooter 四轮滑板Mini Chopper 小型摩托车
11、Mini Scooter 迷你踏板车Mobility Scooter 电动踏板车Moped Scooter 电动助力车/机动脚踏两用车Motor Scooter 小型摩托车Pocket Scooter 迷你踏板车Push Scooter 踏板车Razor Scooter 劲爆单脚踏板车Scooter 踏板车Sea Scooter 水上踏板车/滑水车Skate Scooter 四轮滑板Snow Scooter 雪上踏板车/滑雪车Surfing Scooter 冲浪式电动踏板车/冲浪车Swing Scooter 摇摆踏板车Three-Wheels Scooter 三轮踏板车Trike Swing
12、Scooter 三轮摇摆踏板车Tri-Scooter 三轮踏板车Waver Scooter 摇摆踏板车相关词汇：China Scooter 中国踏板车China Scooter Exporter 中国踏板车出口商China Scooter Producers 中国踏板车生产商China Scooter Suppliers 中国踏板车供货商Scooter China Exporter 中国踏板车出口商Scooter China Producers 中国踏板车生产商Scooter China Suppliers 中国踏板车供货商Scooter Exporter 踏板车出口商Scooter Expo
13、rter China 中国踏板车出口商Scooter Exporters 踏板车出口商Scooter Factories 踏板车工厂Scooter Factory 踏板车工厂Scooter Manufacturer 踏板车制造厂家Scooter Manufacturers 踏板车制造商Scooter Manufacturing 踏板车制造Scooter Producer 踏板车生产商Scooter Producers 踏板车生产商Scooter Producers China 中国踏板车生产商Scooter Product 踏板车产品Scooter Products 踏板车产品Scooter
14、Supplier 踏板车供货商Scooter Suppliers 踏板车供货商Scooter Suppliers China 中国踏板车供货商China Zhejiang Yongkang Scooter SuppliersWords and Phrasesforeign trade 对外贸易overseas trade 海外贸易international trade 国际贸易to trade with 和进行贸易to do business in a moderate way 做生意稳重to do business in a sincere way 做生意诚恳to make a deal 做
15、一笔交易deal 交易，经营，处理，与交往to deal in 经营，做生意to explore the possibilities of 探讨的可能性trade circles 贸易界to handle 经营某商品to trade in 经营某商品business scope/frame 经营范围trading firm/house 贸易行，商行Words and Phrasestrade by commodities 商品贸易visible trade 有形贸易invisible trade 无形贸易barter trade 易货贸易bilateral trade 双边贸易triangle
16、 trade 三角贸易multilateral trade 多边贸易counter trade 对销贸易；抵偿贸易counter purchase 互购贸易buy-back 回购贸易compensation trade 补偿贸易processing trade 来料加工贸易assembling trade 来料装配贸易leasing trade 租赁贸易in exchange for 用交换trade agreement 贸易协议UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议http:/ stocks
17、 存货，库存量cash sale 现货purchase 购买，进货bulk sale 整批销售，趸售distribution channels 销售渠道wholesale 批发retail trade 零售业hire-purchase 分期付款购买fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市unfair competition 不合理竞争dumping 商品倾销dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度antidumping 反倾销customs bond 海关担保chain debts 三角债freight forwarder
18、 货运代理trade consultation 贸易磋商mediation of dispute 商业纠纷调解partial shipment 分批装运restraint of trade 贸易管制RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 区域贸易安排favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差special preferences 优惠关税bonded warehouse 保税仓库transit trade 转口贸易tariff barrier 关税壁垒tax rebate 出口退税
19、TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技术性贸易壁垒贸易伙伴术语trade partner 贸易伙伴manufacturer 制造商，制造厂middleman 中间商，经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer, tradesman 零售商merchant 商人，批发商，零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者consumer 消费者，用户client, customer 顾客，客户buyer 买主，买方carrier 承运人consignee 收货人进出口贸易词汇commerce, t
20、rade, trading 贸易inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 国内贸易international trade 国际贸易foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易，外贸import, importation 进口importer 进口商export, exportation 出口exporter 出口商import licence 进口许口证export licence 出口许口证commercial transaction 买卖，交易inquiry 询盘delivery 交货order 订货make a comple
21、te entry 正式/完整申报bad account 坏帐Bill of Lading 提单marine bills of lading 海运提单shipping order 托运单blank endorsed 空白背书endorsed 背书cargo receipt 承运货物收据condemned goods 有问题的货物catalogue 商品目录customs liquidation 清关customs clearance 结关国际贸易英语词汇集锦一贸易价格术语 trade term / price term 价格术语world / international market price
22、 国际市场价格FOB (free on board) 离岸价C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价freight 运费wharfage 码头费landing charges 卸货费customs duty 关税port dues 港口税import surcharge 进口附加税import variable duties 进口差价税commission 佣金return commission 回佣，回扣price including commission 含佣价net price 净价wholesa
23、le price 批发价discount / allowance 折扣retail price 零售价spot price 现货价格current price 现行价格 / 时价indicative price 参考价格customs valuation 海关估价price list 价目表total value 总值贸易保险术语All Risks 一切险F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险F.W.R.D. (
24、Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of Odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险Shortage Risk 短缺险T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Strikes Risk 罢工险贸易机构词汇WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织CTG (
25、Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议GATT
26、 (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定商务合同英译应注意的问题(2)二、慎重处理合同的关键细目 实践证明，英译合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说，不是大的陈述性条款。而恰恰是一些关键的细目比如：金钱、时间、数量等。为了避免出差错，在英译合同时，常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。3.1 限定责任众所周知，合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围，常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。 3.1.1 and/or常用 and/or 英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容，这样就可避免漏
27、译其中的一部分。例 9：如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其它货物造成任何损害，托运人应负全责。The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on buard.3.1.2 by and between常用 by and between 强调合同是由“双方”签订的，因此双方必须严格履行合同所赋于的责任。例 10：买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the
28、 Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below. 3.2 限定时间英译与时间有关的文字，都应非常严格慎重地处理，因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时，常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。 3.2.1 双介词用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。例 11；自9月2O日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。Party Ashall be u
29、nauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20. 例 12：我公司的条件是，3 个月内，即不得晚于5月1日，支付现金。Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1. 3.2.2 not(no)later than用“not (no) later than +日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。 例 13：本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月15日，你方须将货物装船。Party B shall sh
30、ip the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract, i.e. not later than December 15.3.2.3 include 的相应形式常用 include 的相应形式：inclusive、including 和 included，来限定含当日在内的时间。例 14：本证在北京议付，有效期至1月1日。This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or:This credit expires t
31、ill and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在内，英译为 till and not including January 1。 3.3 限定金额为避免金额数量的差漏、伪造或涂改，英译时常用以下措施严格把关。 3.3.1.大写文字重复金额英译金额须在小写之后，在括号内用大写文字重复该金额，即使原文合同中没有大写，英译时也有必要加上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”，意为“大写”；在最后加上“ONLY”。意思为“整”。必须注意：小写与大写的金额数量要一致。 例 16：聘方须每月付给受聘方美元 500 元整。Part
32、y A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).3.3.2. 正确使用货币符号英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币；而“”不仅代表“英镑”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币。必须注意：当金额用数字书写时，金额数字必须紧*货币符号，例如：Can $891,568，不能写成：Can $ 891,568。另外，翻译的还要特别注意金额中是小数点 （.） 还是分节号（,），因为这两个符号极易引起笔误，稍有疏忽，其后果是不
33、堪设想的。商务合同英译应注意的问题(1)前言 英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，重在记实，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。 本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例，从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词 商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。 实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这
34、类副词是由 here、there、where 等副词分别加上 after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如： 从此以后、今后：hereafter；此后、以后：thereafter；在其上：thereonthereupon；在其下：thereunder；对于这个：hereto；对于那个：whereto；在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore；在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow；在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter 现用两个实例，说
35、明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。例 1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.例 2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade name is more appropriate are made in China.出席商务会议的常用英语The foll
36、owing phrases are used to participate in a meeting. These phrases are useful for expressing your ideas and giving input to a meeting. Getting the Chairpersons Attention 引起会议主席的注意(Mister/Madam) chairman.May I have a word?If I may, I think.Excuse me for interrupting.May I come in here?Giving Opinions
37、表达意见Im positive that.I (really) feel that.In my opinion.The way I see things.If you ask me,. I tend to think that.Asking for Opinions 询问意见Are you positive that.Do you (really) think that.(name of participant) can we get your input?How do you feel about.?Commenting 做出评论Thats interesting .I never thou
38、ght about it that way before.Good point!I get your point.I see what you mean.Agreeing 表示同意I totally agree with you.Exactly!Thats (exactly) the way I feel.I have to agree with (name of participant).Disagreeing 表示异议Unfortunately, I see it differently.Up to a point I agree with you, but.(Im afraid) I c
39、ant agreeAdvising and Suggesting 提出建议Lets.We should.Why dont youHow/What about.I suggest/recommend that.Clarifying 澄清Let me spell out.Have I made that clear?Do you see what Im getting at?Let me put this another way.Id just like to repeat that.Requesting Information 请求信息Please, could you.Id like you
40、to.Would you mind.I wonder if you could.Asking for Repetition 请求重复Im afraid I didnt understand that. Could you repeat what you just said?I didnt catch that. Could you repeat that, please?I missed that. Could you say it again, please?Could you run that by me one more time?Asking for Clarification 要求澄
41、清I dont quite follow you. What exactly do you mean?Im afraid I dont quite understand what your are getting at.Could you explain to me how that is going to work?I dont see what you mean. Could we have some more details, please?Asking for Verification 请求确认You did say next week, didnt you? (did is stre
42、ssed)Do you mean that.?Is it true that.?Asking for Spelling 请求拼写Could you spell that, please?Would you mind spelling that for me, please?Asking for Contributions 请求赐教We havent heard from you yet, (name of participant).What do you think about this proposal?Would you like to add anything, (name of par
43、ticipant)?Has anyone else got anything to contribute?Are there any more comments?Correcting Information 更正Sorry, I think you misunderstood what I said.Sorry, thats not quite right.Im afraid you dont understand what Im saying.Thats not quite what I had in mind.Thats not what I meant.Keeping the Meeti
44、ng On Target (time, relevance, decisions) 转入正题Were running short of time.Well, that seems to be all the time we have today.Please be brief.Im afraid weve run out of time.Im afraid thats outside the scope of this meeting.Lets get back on track, why dont we?Thats not really why were here today.Why don
45、t we return to the main focus of todays meeting.Well have to leave that to another time.Were beginning to lose sight of the main point.Keep to the point, please.I think wed better leave that for another meeting.Are we ready to make a decision?商贸文书中常见英语翻译错误几例(下)6.我公司出口工业产品、化工产品、医药等。 原译文：Our company e
46、xports industrial products, chemicals, medicines and etc注：etc.等于and so on或and others，已含有and的成分，上述译文无需加上and一词。应译为：Our company exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines, etc7.我们将委托贵公司作为我公司在毛里求斯的业务代理。原译文：We hereby entrust your company to be our business agent in Mauritius.注：entrust一词在作委托解时用法为en
47、trust somebody with something or entrust something to somebody。应译为：We hereby appoint your company to be our business agent in Mauritius.8.本合同签订之后，签约双方中任何一方不得将合同内容泄露给第三方。原译文：Any of the two parties can not divulge the contents of the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.注：双方中
48、任何一方为either of the two parties，三方（或三方以上）中任何一方才用any of the parties，因本句为否定句，应译为：Neither of the two parties can divulge the contents of the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.9.在双方签约之后，各方将严格遵守本协议。原译文：After this agreement is signed by the two parties, all parties shall strict
49、ly abide by it.注：与上一条相类似，在协议当事方为三方（或三方以上）时，各方为all parties，而当事方为两方时应用both parties。应译为：After this agreement is signed by the two parties, both parties shall strictly abide by it.商贸文书中常见英语翻译错误几例(上)在一些由中文翻译的英语样本、合同、广告和其他文件材料中常见一些翻译错误，现仅举几个出现频率较高的例子，试作分析，谨供读者朋友参考。 1.由港澳国际投资公司投资的海口电站工程因其建设速度和质量得到高度评价。原译文：The Haikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co, Ltd. was highly appraised for its construction speed and quality.注：投资某项工程应为invest in a project，在被动语态中不能漏去前置词in。应译为：The
