1、2017 全国高考英语新题型语法填空题解题技巧Instructor: Adam Pan语法填空解密（基础篇）语法填空只有十个空，加上还没有选项，那么语法填空要考察的东西会比较有限，这样就形成了一定有规律的东西，未必就比语法选择题难做。语法填空考察形式有两种：有提示词、无提示词。童鞋们最头疼的应该是没有提示词的吧，基础差的童鞋连句子成分都搞不清，根本没有做题思路。那么我们就先从没有提示词的入手，让语法小白们享受一下虐题的快感。第一部分：无提示词先看以下例句：I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.这些
2、句子是一样的，我只是想通过这种方式给大家一个直观的感受。标黄色的部分就是通常要考察的部分，也就是说一个句子通常会有七个位置的考点，这些位置考察的内容比较固定，我们逐个分析。(以下行文中“_”被简称为“空”。)无提示考点一：(代词主格)_ met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.要填的是句子的主语，主语通常由名词或代词充当，如果没有任何提示，不可能填名词，只能根据上下文的内容填代词。代词通常要看“空” 之前的部分。比如：The boy likes football. _ often plays footb
3、all after school. 根据上下文的意思，要填的代词只能指代“空”前面的 the boy，所以此空填 He。但代词中有一个特例“it” 。it 既可以向前指代，也可以向后指代，如果“空” 后面有 be + 名词或形容词 + to do 或 that 从句的时候，那么这个“空 ”基本就是填 it 了。例如：_ is easy to finish the homework. 或_ is a good choice that you decide to go there.这两道题都填 it。【小结】：句首是“空” ， “空”后面紧跟 谓语动词，那么此“空”考察代词主格。无提示考点二：(代
4、词宾格)Tom is my friend. I met _ in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.和考点一类似，重复的不再说，基本也是要填代词的，但不同之处在于：此处的宾语要用宾格形式。此题 met 是及物动词所以后面直接填宾语，并填代词的宾格：him，而不是 he。如果句子里的 谓语动词是不及物 动词，那么不及物动词后面还要加上介词之后才能加上宾语，例如：I live with _. 这里的“空”也只能填代词，如果要填 he，那么同样要采用宾格形式：him。另外，关于 it 的那个特殊用法在宾语部分体现的是： _
5、+ 形容词或名词 + to do 或 that 从句。例如：The method can make _ easy to finish the homework. 或 We all consider _ a good choice that you decide to go there. 这两道题都填 it。【小结】：如果“空 ”前是 动词(都是及物动词) 或者介词，那么“ 空”考察代词宾格。无提示考点三：(冠词)I met him in _ shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.此题中的 shop是可数名词，可数名词是禁止裸奔
6、的。所谓不能裸奔就是不能既没有冠词，也不能没有复数形式，要写成 a shop, 或 one shop, 或 shops, 或 two shops 或the shop 等等，绝对不能只写成 shop。只有不可数名 词才有资格裸奔，比如water，但不可数名词只能加定冠词 the 修饰，不能用不定冠词 a 或 an。所以，如果“空 ”后面是裸奔的可数名词，那么一定是填冠词的，而且大多数情况是填不定冠词 a 或 an。例如：I met _ boy on the street. 这里要填 a。另外，如果这个裸奔的可数名词在上句出现过，这时候才可能填定冠词 the（再次提到，表示特指）。例如：I met
7、 a boy on the street. _ boy is waiting for a taxi. 这时候 boy 再次出现，表示特指，所以填 the。不可数名词很少被考到，因为很局限，前面只能填定冠词 the。【小结】：如果“空 ”后是裸奔的可数名词，必填 a 或 an。如果“空 ”后面的名 词在上一句重复出现，必填 the。无提示考点四：(介词)I met him _ a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.当一个“空” 后面 紧跟完整的名词(不裸奔的名词) ，同时名词后面没有紧跟谓语动词，那么此“空” 只能填介词。比
8、如此题中，“空” 后面是完整的名词 a shop（包含冠词的名词，没有裸奔，很完整），同时名词 shop 后面又没有紧跟谓语动词，这明显是要填介词的节奏。这个时候就要熟悉各种介词的本质含义，以及介词的一些固定搭配。此题比较简单，根据语境，填 in，表示在里面。【小结】：如果“空 ”后名 词不裸奔，同时名词后又不紧跟谓语动词，那么此“空”必定填介词。无提示考点五：(定语从句连词)I met him in a shop _ sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.如果童鞋们不懂定语从句，那么我们可以固定记一下格式：“空”前是名词 ，“空”后是动词 或者主
9、谓结构并缺少宾语，那么就要填 who 或which。“空”前面的名 词是人，就填 who，“空”前面的名词是物，就填 which。例如：I like the book _ makes me laugh. 此句“空”前面是名词 book，“空”后面是动词 makes，符合定语从句特征，因为“空”前面是 book，所以填which。再例如：I like the person _ you hate. 此句“空”前面是名词person，“空”后面是 you hate 主谓结构，而且是缺少宾语的（缺少憎恨的对象，如果是完整写法，应该是类似 I hate him 这样的主谓宾结构），也符合定语从句的特征，
10、因为“空” 前面是 person，所以填 who。定 语从句有时候还会考察where 和 when，以后还会 细讲，基础篇部分只需要记住最常考的 which 和who。【小结】：如果“空 ”前是名 词，“空”后是 动词或者主谓结构并缺少宾语，那么就要填 who或 which。如果“空 ”前面的名 词是人，就填 who；如果“空”前面的名词是物，就填 which。无提示考点六：(名词性从句连词)I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing _ I like.“空”的前面不是名 词，并且“空” 的后面是动词或主谓结构并缺少宾语(此考
11、点和之前的考点五非常相似，区别在于“空”的前面是否是名词)，那么就要填 what或 who，如果“空” 后面的句子里缺少的是物，就填 what，如果缺少的是人就填who。例如：_ appears on TV is very valuable. 此句开头就是“空”，所以“空”的前面不是名词，而且“空” 的后面是动词，所以要填 what 或 who。根据语境，“有价值的”应该是形容物的，所以最终填 what。再例如：I dont like _ he does. 此句的“空”前面是动词 like，所以也符合“不是名词” 的特征，而且 “空” 的后面是主谓结构 he does，其中 does 是“做”
12、的意思，是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，所以要填 what 或 who。根据语境，能被做的，应该是物，所以最终填 what。另外，“ 主谓结构并缺少宾语”有两种情况。第一种是及物动词后缺少宾语，刚才的例句就是这种情况。第二种是介词后缺少宾语，例如：I dont like _ he sticks to. “空”的后面是 he sticks (他坚持)这样的主谓结构，并且介词 to 后面缺少宾语，所以也要填 what. 我举的例子都是 what，因为考试中 what 的几率大于 who。【小结】：如果“空 ”的前面不是名 词，而且“空” 的后面是动词或主谓结构并缺少宾语(及物动词或介词后面缺少宾语)，那
13、么就要填 what 或 who，不会区分就选 what。无提示考点七：(状语从句连词和 and, but)I met him in a shop which sells fruit _ I was seeing what I like.“空”在开头，后面 紧挨着由逗号隔开的两句话，或者“空”在中间，前后各有一句话，那么填连词（状语从句连词）。例如：_ you work hard, you may still lose the job. 此句属于“空 ”在开头，后面紧挨着由逗号隔开的两句 话，根据这两句话的逻辑关系应该填 Although 或 Though. 再例如：I drove very f
14、ast _ I dont want to be late. 此句属于“空”在中间，前后各有一句话的情况，也是填连词，根据两句话的逻辑关系应该填 because。【小结】：如果“空 ”后面有两句由逗号隔开的两句话，或者“空”前后各有一句话，那么要填状语从句的连词(表达两句话的逻辑关系)。热点考词：when (当时候), because (因为), although (尽管), so (所以), so that (目的是或结果是), that (句子中有 so, 和要填的“that”构成 sothat的结构，翻译成：如此以致于), but (前后是转折关系), and (前后是顺承或递进关系)。第
15、二部分：有提示词无提示词部分讲完了，接下来讲有提示词，相对简单一些。有提示考点一：(时态)如果提示词是个动词，而“空”所在的句子又没有其它谓语动词，那么就要填提示词的正确时态了。如果“空”所在句子表达的是一般现在时的概念，那么就是要填提示词的单数第三人称形式，一般就是结尾加 s。例如：He often _ (play) football. 这里就填 plays。还有一种比较常考的就是一般过去时，因为正常情况下文章肯定是讲过去发生的事情，所以如果童鞋们区分不出别的时态的话，那就赌一把啦，填提示词的过去式，普通的是结尾加 ed，但很有可能会考特殊的动词过去式，所以抓紧背下你们教材后面的不规则动词表
16、吧。【小结】：提示词是句子的谓语动词，那么考察的是时态，首选过去时，如果主语是单数第三人称，并能明显看出提示词所在的句子表达的是一般现在时，那么填提示词结尾加 s 的形式。有提示考点二：(非谓语)非谓语在单项选择里考会很难，但在语法填空里考，却成了比较简单的考点。如果“空 ”所在的句子已 经有了谓语动词，而且提示词是动词，那么这时候考察的是非谓语动词形式。如果你实在不会非谓语，教你一个很无赖的方法(正确率很高)：“空” 后面紧跟名词，填 ing 形式，反之填ed 形式。例如：He sits in the classroom, _ (read) a book. 此题中的“空”所在句子有谓语 si
17、t，并且“空”后面紧跟名词 a book，所以直接填 reading。再例如：He stands in the classroom, _ (punish) for his mistakes. 此题中的“空”所在句子有 谓语 stand，并且“空”后面不紧跟名词，所以直接填 punished。【小结】：如果“空 ”所在句子已 经有谓语动词，而且“空” 的提示词是动词，那么就看“空”后面紧跟的是否是名词(从句也可)，如果紧跟名词，那么就填动词的 ing 形式，如果不紧跟名词，那么就填动词的 ed 形式。有提示考点三：(词性转换)如果提示词是名词、形容词、动词(不考察时态或非谓语的时候)，那么考察的
18、是词性转换：名词转换成形容词、形容词转换成副词、动词转换成名词。这个变化比较复杂，在基础篇里不讲，如果只想看个基础篇就杀向高考的学沫们，这个考点就看你们的造化了。不过还是先给你们举几个典型例子。例 1：I want a _ (reason) explanation. 此题填 reasonable, 考察名词转换成形容词(形容词修饰名词explanation)。例 2：He lives _ (comfortable) in the big house. 此题填comfortably, 考察形容词转换 成副词(副词修饰动词 live)。例 3：I understand your _ (choose
19、). 此题填 choice, 考察动词转换成名词(名词在句子中做主语或宾语)。【小结】：词性转换常考三大类：名词转换成形容词、形容词转换成副词、动词转换成名词。其中最容易得分的是形容词转换成副词，也就是说如果看到形容词的提示词，可以直接填入该提示词结尾加 ly 的形式(如果是辅音字母 + y 结尾的，要把 y 改成 i 再加 ly，比如 steady 要变成 steadily)。以上就是基础篇涉及的考点，虽然不是全部考点，但却是热门考点。基础不好的同学，你把基础篇掌握好了，完全有可能在语法填空上得到一半的分数。以前的单项选择题你能得到一半的分数吗？所以，哥之前说语法填空从某种角度看是变简单了，
20、并不是在忽悠你们。试题检测： 注：本篇语法填空文章只保留了利用刚才所学能填出的五个空，缩短了篇幅来以此改善童鞋们的阅读体验。(语法填空主要考察语法，所以就算看不懂整篇文章也不影响大部分题目的填写。)A doctor entered the hospital in a hurry after being called in for urgent surgery. He answered the call, _1_ (change) his clothes and went directly to the surgery blockOnce seeing him, the dad said _3_
21、 (angry), “Why did you take your time to come? Dont you have _4_ sense of responsibility?”waiting for the fathers reply, he carried on with his way runningLater the nurse told _8_ that the doctor.Never judge anyone because you never know how their life is or _10_ theyre going through.【试题详解】：第一题，“空”考
22、察的是时态。这个“空” 容易让人误解为是考察非谓语。其实“空”所在的句子是三个谓语动词并列：called, changed, went。所以填“changed”。第三题，“空”考察的是词性转换，看到形容词 angry，直接转化成副词“angrily” 。第四题，“空”考察的是冠词。后面一看是裸奔的名词 sense (就算不认识sense，根据 语境你应该能猜出它是名词), sense 之前还没出现过，一定填“a”。第八题，“空”考察代词的宾格。此“空” 作 told 的宾语，所以要填代词宾格，根据上句，应该是单数的男性，所以填“him”。第十题，“空”考察的是名词性从句连词。“空” 的前面不是
23、名词，并且“空”的后面有主谓结构 theyre going，还有缺少宾语的介词 through，所以要填 what 或who，根据语境，“他们正在 经受的”指的是物，最 终填 what。高考英语科启用语篇型语法填空题一、语篇型语法填空的形式在一篇 200 词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出 10 处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容，所填写词语不得超过三个。二、语篇型语法填空的测试点主要包括动词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句、强调句、感叹句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句、定于从句的连接词和 it 的用
24、法等。三、语篇型语法填空的解题思路考生在对题目进行作答之前，要先对题干进行详细阅读，检查题目中是否有提示词语存在；而后判断出所填词语在句子中所充当的句子成分，例如，主语、谓语等；最后根据其所充当的句子成分，加之其所处句子的语态等，选择词语的正确形式，例如，动词的现在分词或者过去分词，或者形容词的比较或者最高级的使用等。在句子中没有提示词或者标志词存在时，考生要根据句子中所填词语的位置，判断所填词语的词性，例如，连接词、定冠词或者不定冠词、代词或者介词等。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前，起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词则分为形容词性物主代词、名词性代词、指示代词和不定代词等。在运用介词的
25、时候，往往考查介词的固定搭配，其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大，考查范围相对较广，考生失分现象较为严重，但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目的命题特点和命题规律，掌握答题的技巧，在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，熟练语法的运用，及时对经验进行总结，加强在语篇情境下的语法应用能力，在考试中就能提高语法填空题的准确率，取得较为理想的成绩。2017 年高考复习精华资料高考新课标 II 卷英语学科语法填空（语言知识运用第二节）题型解析与解题指导I. 语法填空题命题形式:1. 2016 年高考新课标 II 卷（全国甲卷）原题呈现:第三部分 :英语知识运用（共两节，满分 4
26、5 分）第 2 节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（ 1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of 61 (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve).
27、Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 (be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through t
28、he afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of
29、 the office, youll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 70 (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.Keys: 61. greater 62. achievement 63. is 64. on 65. as66. studies 67. regularly
30、 68. a 69. to bring 70. make2. 2015 年高考新课标 II 卷原题呈现:第三部分 :英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（ 1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。The adobe dwellings (土坯房）_61_ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _62_ most modern of architects and engineers. In
31、addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _63_ (able) to “air condition”a house without _64_ (use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _65_ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.
32、 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _66 _ (cool) the house during the hot day; _67_ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle _68 _ (go) day after day. The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always
33、a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures. As _69_ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _70_ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.Keys: 61. built 62. the 63. ability 64. using 65. slowly 66. to cool 67. at 68. goes 69. natural 70. how3.
34、2014 年高考新课标 II 卷原题呈现:第三部分 :英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第 3 节 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于三个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _61_ (be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _62_ some of them looked very anxious and _63_ (d
35、isappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _64_ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike _65_ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused
36、_66_ (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept _67_ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “_68_ anyone lose a
37、suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its _69_ (I)”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers _70_ (sudden) became friendly to one another.Keys: 61. bein
38、g 62. and 63. disappointed 64. to 65. caught 66. to stop 67. riding 68. Did 69. me/ mine 70. suddenlyIV新课标全国卷语法填空题型 真题集训：（1）2016 年高考英语新课标 I 卷（乙卷）语法填空真题Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _61_ (attract).So
39、it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I _62_（arrow ）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be _63_ (official) given to me at a cere
40、mony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back _64_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the first Western TV reporter _66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include _67_ (introduce) British visit
41、ors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I helped a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few _69_ ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bot
42、tle-fed, _70_ other is with mumshe never suspects.【答案】（2）2016 年普通高等学校全国统一考试（新课标全国卷 III/ 丙卷）61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when66. permitted 67. introducing 68. their 69. days 70. theIn much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 61 Vi
43、etnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 62 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled w
44、orkers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs(树枝 ) to remove it. Over time, 65 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so i
45、t would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 68 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would rem
46、ind people of killings and 69 (be) too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 70 their hands.【答案】（3）2015 高考英语试卷全国 1 卷真题Yangshuo, ChinaIt was raining lightly when I _61_ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I
47、 didnt care. A few hours _62_, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with _63_ (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _64_ are pictured by artists in so
48、many Chinese _65_ (painting). Instead, Id head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo _67_ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers _68_ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as
49、 one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it _69_ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people _70_ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.61. and 62. be made 63. to c
