1、名词性从句主语从句主语从句的语序主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如：What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. 使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。How he was successful is still a puzzle. 他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。连接词的选用（1 ） that 和 what 的选用that 和 what 都可引导主语从句。what 除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而 that 在名词性从句
2、中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。如：What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。（2 ） if 和 whether 的选用引导主语从句，不能用 if，只能用 whether。如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。（3 ）其它连接代词和副词的选用根据主语从句的具体意义，正确
3、的选择 who, which, when, where, why, how 等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。（4 ） whatever / whoever 的功用wh
4、atever, whoever 在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和 whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。如：Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句） （Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句） （No matte
5、r who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）it 构成的主语从句（1 ）由连词 that 引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词 it 作形式主语。谓语是 seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, be ones hope, be likely 等词或短语时。It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。需要注意的是，it 作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和 as 引导的定语从句的区别
6、。试比较：It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. （主语从句，有 that，无逗号）As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack. （定语从句，无 that，有逗号）上两句意为“据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击” 。用于 It is suggested / required / ordered / demanded that.句型中,动词为表示命令、建议、要求等意义的词。主语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should + 动词原形“,should 可以
7、省略。例如: It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English. 你应该花更多的时间学习英语。（2 ）常见用 it 作形式主语的复合句结构1.It is a fact （a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news）that 如：Its a pity that you missed the film. 你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。2. It is necessary （clear / true / strange/ important /w
8、onderful / possible / likely）that 需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）动词原形” ，即要用虚拟语气。如：It is necessary that you （should）master the computer. 你很有必要掌握电脑。It is important that a student learn English well. 学生学好英语很重要。Its clear that they badly need help. 很明显，他们急需援助。It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soo
9、n. 飓风很可能马上就要到达了。3.It is reported （well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered）that如：It is said that he was killed in the earthquake. 据说他在地震中丧生了。4.It seems （happened / appears / doesnt matter / makes no difference / ）that 如：It seems that they will win the game.
10、 看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.“ A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 句式用形式主语 it 引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：It is said that. 据说 It is reported t
11、hat. 据报导 It is well known that. 众所周知 It is announced that. 据宣布 It is believed that. 人们相信 It is thought that. 人们认为 It is understood that. 自不待言 It must be pointed out that. 必须指出 It must be admitted that. 必须承认 否定转移1) 将 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine 等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句
12、的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。I don t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为 hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。2) 将 seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3) 有
13、时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not 否定动名词短语 having)Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。The ant is not gathering this for
14、 itself alone. ( 否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定 because 状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语 many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。1.
15、_ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 2.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how 3._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever
16、D. Who 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句” 。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem 等。引导表语从句的that 常可省略。另外，常用的还有 the reason is that 和 It is because 等结构。例如： 1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we cant get the support of the people. 3)
17、But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由 that 引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) Th
18、e order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语） ，而同位语从句中的 that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性
19、的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。 ） （第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。 ） （同位语从句，that 在句中不作任何成分）宾语从句一. 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作
20、及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。That 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些
21、连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。If 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否” 。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whet
22、her (if) I could help him.二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：I dont think (that) you are right.Please t
23、ell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时） 。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3.
24、 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.【中考范例】1. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002.A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived2. Would you please tel
25、l me _?A. when did he come home B. where he would play footballC. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game3. I dont know when _.A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave4. -We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden.A. what
26、he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from宾语从句练习1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom doC. what Tom will do D. what Tom did2. I want to know_.A. what is his name B. whats his nameC. that his name is D. what his name is
27、3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam?A. that B. whether C. what D. which4. Jim doesnt understand _.A. which is the way to the museumB. why his wife always goes shoppingC. what is the way to the museumD. why does she always go shopping5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for?A. that B. whose C. w
28、ho D. which6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening.A. when does his son come homeB. when his son comes homeC. when did his son come homeD. when his son came home7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning?A. how does he mend B. how he mendsC. how he mended D. how did he mend8. -Im waiting for th
29、e mail. Do you know _ it will arrive?-Usually it comes by 4: 00.A. how B. where C. when D. what9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _?-Certainly. Go straight along here. Its next to a hospital.A. how we can get to the post officeB. how can we get to the post officeC. how get to the post officeD.
30、how could we get to the post office10. -Can I help you?-Yes. Id like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _ take to get there?A. how soon will it B. how soon it willC. how long it will D. how long will it11. He wanted to know _.A. whether he speaks at the meetingB. when the meeting would startC.
31、what hes going to do at the meetingD. where would the meeting be held 12. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden?-The day after tomorrow, I think.A. when will you visit B. when you will visitC. when would you visit D. when you would visit13. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang?A. what should we
32、 do B. we should do whatC. what we should do D. should we do what14. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited15. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.A. that
33、B. when C. where D. whether16. -Could you tell me _?-Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting.A. what does he say at the meetingB. what did he say at the meetingC. what he says at the meetingD. what he said at the meeting17. -Could you tell me _ last night?-Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home.A
34、. what you were doing B. what were you doingC. what you are doing D. what are you doing18. The teacher asked the students _.A. if they were interested in dinosaursB. when was Albert Einstein bornC. what they will do with the computersD. how many trees they have planted19. Every morning the patients
35、are asked if _ their temperature taken.A. they had had B. have they hadC. they have had D. had they had20. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road.A. how B. why C. that D. when二. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。Li Ming says _ _ interested in playing computer games.2. 我认为玛丽不回来了。
36、I dont think Mary _ _.3. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？Could you tell me _ I can get to the Bell Tower?5. 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。Father said that he _ _ a new computer6. 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing.7. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？Do you know _ _ a double r
37、oom _?8. 请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？Could you tell me _ _ were going to be away?9. 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。Uncle said that he _ _ a new novel.10. 杰克说他有重要事情要做。Jack said he _ something important to do.【练习答案】一. 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.A二. 1.he is 2.will come 3
38、.was leaving 4.how 5.had bought 6.if (whether) 7.how much 8.how long 9.was writing 10.had中考英语名词性从句习题精选1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C.the fact that D.the fact2.“Is Mary from New York City “ “I dont know _.“A. from what city does she come from B. f
39、rom what city she comeC. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from3._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit _
40、her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting along D. wha
41、t is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. about tha
42、t C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee12.I wonder how much _.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid abou
43、t C. afraid that D. afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because
44、of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I dont doubt _ hell come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether18.“Why did you go to the w
45、rong class, Mr. Wang “ “Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.“A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house
46、.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earns21._ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That.what B. What.that C. That.which D. What.which22. We gave him _ help w
47、e could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that 24. Excuse me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know _ A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you _ can be used i
