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类型中考英语复合句与简单句的转化联系.doc

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    中考英语复合句与简单句的转化联系.doc
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    1、简单句与复合句转换的“四点一测”英语中的句子按照结构可以划分为三种类型:简单句、并列句、复合句。这三种句子类型中,尤其是简单句与复合句之间常相互转换使用。掌握一些有关句型转换的知识,学会如何进行句子类型之间的转换,有助于我们运用所学过的不同的句型来表达相同的意思。简单句与复合句之间转换是英语句型转换的一种重要形式,也是我们运用英语所应掌握的技能。现对转换形式作一解题点拨:I. 简单句与复合句的互换把一个简单句转换成一个复合句,一般是将一个短语变为一个从句。相反,复合句转换为简单句时要把一个从句变为一个短语。一 The foreigners want to know how they can l

    2、earn to do Chinese Kongfu well. The foreigners want to know how to learn to do Chinese Kongfu well.【解析】含宾语从句的复合句变为简单句,可以把宾语从句改为“疑问词+ 不定式“的结构或者改为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补“这种结构;简单句变复合句,一般是把宾语扩大为宾语从句,其宾语从句应该用将来时或“情态动词+动词原形“的形式。二.She was so weak that she couldnt take care of her baby. She was too weak to take care o

    3、f her baby.The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. The ice on the lake was not thick enough for people to skate on.1 当 so.that 从句是否定句,其主语与主句主语相同,可用 too.to do sth.替换; 2 当 so.that 从句是否定句,其主语与主句主语不相同,可用 too.for sb. to do sth. 替换; 3当so.that 从句是肯定句,其主语与主句主语相同时,可用.enough to do sth

    4、.替换;4 当 so.that 从句是肯定句,其主语与主句主语不相同时,可用.enough for sb. to do sth.替换。 三 Be brave, or youll lose your chance. If you arent brave, youll lose your chance.Come on, or well miss the early bus. If we dont hurry, well miss the early bus. 1 “祈使句+or+ 简单句“可转换为“if 引导的否定的条件句+主句“ 的句型;2 “祈使句+and+ 简单句“可转换为“if 引导的肯定

    5、的条件句 +主句“的句型。She seems to be worried now. It seems that she is worried now.seem 是关于内心活动的用语,含有心中所想象的意思在内。seem 后接动词不定式,也常用 It seems that 结构。简单句变为复合句应特别注意它们之间的同义可换性。四用“in order +不定式”或“so as +不定式” 结构可以将含有 so that 引导的目的状语从句的复合句转换为简单句。如:1. She decided to buy a camera online so that she could receive it so

    6、on.She decided to buy a camera online in order to receive it soon.She decided to buy a camera online so as to receive it soon.2. I went over my composition again and again so that I couldnt make any mistakes.I went over my composition again and again in order not to make any mistakes.I went over my

    7、composition again and again so as not to make any mistakes.3. Miyoko bought a camera so that she could take pictures in Beijing.Miyoko bought a camera in order to take pictures in Beijing.Miyoko bought a camera so as to take pictures in Beijing.五在某些作表语的形容词后面加不定式可以将某些含有状语从句的复合句转变成简单句。例如:1. I was glad

    8、 when I heard the good news .I was glad to hear the good news.2.Toms parents were very surprised as they knew all about it.Toms parents were very surprised to know all about it一用“及物动词+不定式”结构可以将含有 that 引导的某些宾语从句的复合句转换成简单句。例如:1.He decided that he would buy a digital camera online.He decided to buy a d

    9、igital camera online.2. We hoped that we would come back soon.We hoped to come back soon.3. I expect that I shall finish my work by this Sunday.I expect to finish my work by this Sunday.二用“疑问词+不定式“结构可以将某些含有连接代词或 连接副词引导的宾语从句转换简单句。例如:1. I dont know which one I can buy .I dont know which one to buy.2.

    10、We wonder where well go this Sunday.We wonder where to go this Sunday.3. Could you please teach me how I can search the Internet?Could you please teach me how to search the Internet?三用“tooto”结构可以将含有 sothat 引导的结果语从句(否定)的复合句转成简单句。如:1. The boy is so young that he cant look after himself.The boy is too

    11、young to look after himself.2. The question is so difficult that I cant answer it .The question is too difficult for me to answer.四用“enough +不定式”结构可以将含有 so that 引导的结果状语从句(肯定)的复合句转变为简单句。例如:1. The girl is so tall that she can reach the apples on the tree.The girl is tall enough to reach the apples on

    12、the tree.2. This hall is so large that it can hold 2000 people.This hall is large enough to hold 2000 people.3. The table was so light that the little boy can carry it.The table was light enough for the little boy to carry.五用“happen + 不定式”或“seem +不定式” 结构可以分别将“It happens that”和“It seems that ”等含有主语从句

    13、的复合句转换为简单句。例如:1. It happened that the teacher saw him playing in class.The teacher happened to see him playing in class.2. It seemed that sharks have been on the earth for thousands of years .Sharks seemed to have been on the earth for thousands of years.3. It seemed that this camera offered the mos

    14、t at the best price.This camera seemed to offer the most at the best price.六用“in order +不定式”或“so as +不定式” 结构可以将含有 so that 引导的目的状语从句的复合句转换为简单句。如:1. She decided to buy a camera online so that she could receive it soon.She decided to buy a camera online in order to receive it soon.She decided to buy a

    15、camera online so as to receive it soon.2.I went over my composition again and again so that I couldnt make any mistakes.I went over my composition again and again in order not to make any mistakes.I went over my composition again and again so as not to make any mistakes.3. Miyoko bought a camera so

    16、that she could take pictures in Beijing.Miyoko bought a camera in order to take pictures in Beijing.Miyoko bought a camera so as to take pictures in Beijing.七在某些作表语的形容词后面加不定式可以将某些含有状语从句的复合句转变成简单句。例如:1.I was glad when I heard the good news .I was glad to hear the good news.2. Toms parents were very s

    17、urprised as they knew all about it.Toms parents were very surprised to know all about it.II. 简单句与简单句的转换简单句本身可以通过对句子成分(包括主语、谓语、宾语、状语和定语 )或句型自身的调整来表达相同或相近的意思。常见的转换方法有: “词与词的转换“(如:反义词的转换、同义词的转换、代词的转换、词性的转换 ); “词与短语的转换“(of 属格与s 属格的转换、时间表达的转换等);“句式与句式的转换“(如:How old is (are).?与What is sb.s age?的转换、How do

    18、you like.?与 What do you think of. ? 的转换、“动词 + sb. + sth.“与“ 动词 + sth. + 介词 + sb.“的转换等)。7. We spent twenty minutes cleaning the room yesterday. It took us twenty minutes to clean the room yesterday. 8. The motorbike cost him 7,000 yuan last year. He paid / spent 7,000 yuan for / on (buying) the motor

    19、bike last year.【解析】 spend 与 take 都可以表示“做某事花某人多少时间或金钱“。 spend 的主语用某人表示; take 的主语用 it。即 “(Somebody)spend some time (in) doing sth. / on sth.“这一句型可换成“It takes / took somebody some time to do sth.“ 句型。两个句型都可表示 “某人花若干时间做某事“。但在转换时,应注意语序的变化,尤其是前一个句型中(in) doing 或 on sth.,在后一个句型中应改为 to do sth.。“spend.doing s

    20、th.“相当于 pay.for, 它们之间可转换使用。9. Jane says science isnt so interesting as music to her. Jane says science is less interesting than music to her.10. She rides a bicycle more carefully than anyone else in her class. She is the most careful bicycle rider in her class. 【解析】常见的比较等级之间的转换有:“not so / as+原级+ as

    21、“可改为“比较级+ than“; “not so / as+原级+as“可改为“less+原级(多音节词)+than“; “最高级+of / in 短语“ 可改为“比较级+than any other+复数名词 / than any of the others / anyone else / anything else“;“like.better (than)“可改为“prefer.(to)“。11. The exhibition of childrens art began a few days ago. The exhibition of childrens art has been on

    22、 for a few days.12. My grandpa joined the Party thirty years ago. My grandpa has been in the Party for thirty years.13. Sams grandfather died 10 years ago. Sams grandfather has been dead for 10 years.【解析】含一般过去时与现在完成时句式之间的转换是很常用的。在现在完成时中,延续性动词与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词不能。但是,可以用别的方式来表达:瞬间动词用于“ 一段时间+ago“的一般过去时的

    23、句型中;瞬间动词可改写成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用; 瞬间动词用于“It is +一段时间+since+一般过去时“的句型中; 瞬间动词用于“Some time + has / have passed + since + 一般过去时“的句型中。另外,将来时“be going to“结构与 “will / shall“结构的转换;进行时(如 come , go 动词)可与将来时的转换。14. You must throw the broken pottery away at once. The broken pottery must be thrown away at once

    24、.15. Every one should give back his or her library books on time. Library books should be returned on time. 16. People make great use of computers widely in the world. Computers are widely used in the world. 【解析】 主动句变被动句的方法是:首先把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,再把谓语动词变为被动语态,最后加上介词 by 的宾语( 有时可省略) ;被动句变为主动句的方法是:先把被动句中 b

    25、y 的宾语变为主动句的主语(如被动句中省略了介词 by 及其宾语,一般可以用 we, you, they 等作主语),再把谓语动词改为主动语态(即把be 去掉) ,最后把被动句的主语改为主动句的宾语,主动句的时态与被动句中 be 的时态一致;在 let, make, hear, see, watch 等后的动词不定式在主动语态中不带 to,变为被动语态时,要加上 to;双宾语动词结构变为被动语态,则应在间接宾语前加上相应的介词 to 或 for。如:Li Lei was given a bike by Mr Wang. Mr Wang gave a bike to Li Lei.III. 二合

    26、并一成简单句有时为了使句子结构更加紧凑,语言更加生动,我们可以把两个或两个以上的简单句合并为简单句,这样,句子意思上的联系显得更密切。17. Lucy cant sing the English song “Yesterday Once More“. And Lily cant sing it, either. Neither Lucy nor Lily can sing the English song “Yesterday Once More“. 18. This store sells mens shoes, and it also sells mens clothes. This st

    27、ore sells not only mens shoes but also mens clothes. 【解析】两个意义相关的简单句合并为一个简单句。常见的方式有三类:用 both.and, not only.but also, either.or, neither.nor, not.but 等连接词合并。由 not only.but also, either.or, neither.nor 等连接的并列主语,通常遵循就近原则,即谓语需根据后面的名词(词组) 的单复数而定; 用 too.to, enough to 等含不定式结构合并;用分词短语合并。IV. 二合并一成复合句由两个简单句合并成

    28、一个复合句,多把一个分句转换成一个从句。如:19. “Did you sleep well last night?“ David asked her. David asked her if / whether she slept well last night.20. I wont go with my brother, he thinks. He doesnt think I will go with my brother. 21. Where does he live? I dont know. I dont know where he lives. 【解析】构成宾语从句应注意三点:宾语从

    29、句的引导词是否缺少或用错;宾语从句语序是否是陈述句的语序;宾语从句的时态是否与主句谓语动词的时态相呼应。【测试】按要求改写下列句子。每空限填一词。1. There is a strong wind today.Its very _ today.2. Whats the weather like in America? _ _ the weather in America?3. We must keep the noise under 50 dbs (分贝) here.The noise must _ _ under 50 dbs here.4. Wu Dong joined the Leagu

    30、e three years ago.Wu Dong has _ in the League _ three years.5. I didnt know what I should say.I didnt know what _ _.6. Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know?Do you know _ the shop _ at six every day?7. Lucy is the tallest girl in her class.Lucy is _ than _ _ girls in her class.8. Tom is

    31、in the football team. Jim is in the football team, too._ Tom _ Jim _ on the football team.9. John will go to bed after he finishes his homework.John _ _ to bed _ he finishes his homework.10. He was so happy that he couldnt say a word when he was told the news.He was _ happy _ say a word when he was

    32、told the news.Key: 1. windy 2. How is / How about / What about 3. be kept 4. been; for 5. to say 6. if; closes 7. taller; any other 8. Both; and; are 9. wont go; until 10. too; to1. I hope that I will hear from you soon. I hope _ _ from you soon. 2. I wonder how I can go there. I wonder _ _go there.

    33、 3. When and where they should build a new power station is a difficult problem for them. When and where _ _ a new power station is a difficult problem for them. 4. The teacher who is wearing glasses teaches us English. The teacher _ glasses teaches us English. 5. My father got up early so that he c

    34、ould catch the first bus. My father got up early _ _ _ catch the first bus. 6. The girl is so short that she cannot be a model. The girl is _ short _ be a model.7. Do you mind if I smoke here ? Do you mind _ _ here ?8. The girl who is dancing on the stage is my sister. The girl _ on the stage is my

    35、sister.9. I think it important that middle school students should learn English. I think it _ _ middle school students _ learn English.10. I feel that it is dangerous to play with fire. I feel _ _ to play with fire. 11. Marx found that it was necessary to study Russia. Marx found_ _ _ study Russia.

    36、12. After his father died, he left his home town. He left his home town after the _ _his father.13. Dont forget to turn off the gas before you leave the kitchen. Dont forget to turn off the gas _ _ the kitchen. 15. She wont go to see the play because she has lost her ticket. She wont go to see the p

    37、lay _ _losing her ticket. 16. She went for a walk after she had supper. She went for a walk _ _.17. I could swim when I was eight years old. I could swim_ _ _ of eight. 18. He was late for school because it rained heavily. He was late for school _ _ the _ rain. 19. I dont know how I can answer the q

    38、uestion. I dont know _ _ _ the question.20. Please tell me what I should do first. Please tell me _ _ _ first. 21. He is so young that he cant join the army. He is _ _ _ join the army. 22. She works so hard that she can pass the exam. She works _ _ to pass the exam. 23. If you use your head, youll f

    39、ind a way. _ your _, _ youll find a way. 24. If you dont work hard, you wont pass the exam. _ _, _ you wont pass the exam. 25. The box is so heavy that we cant carry it. The box is _ _ _ us to carry. 26. The problem is so easy that I can work it out. The problem is _ _ _me _ work out. 27. I cant pas

    40、s the exam if you dont help me. I cant pass the exam _your _. 28. I saw that he was playing computer games. I saw _ _ computer games.29. She heard that the boy cried all night. She heard the boy _ all night. 30. It seemed that he would catch up with others. He seemed _ _ up with others. 将简单句改为复合句 1.

    41、 The problem is too difficult for us to work out. The problem is _ _ that we _ work it out.2. Hurry up, or youll be late for the party. _ you _ hurry up, youll be late for the party.3. The tree is too tall for us to reach . The tree is _tall _ we cant reach_ .4. The teacher asked us to come earlier.

    42、 The teacher asked us _ _ _ come earlier. 5. The doctor put down the telephone , and hurried to Jims home. _ the doctor put down the telephone, he went to Jims home as _ as possible. 6. Dont play basketball here, or you may break the window. _ _ play basketball here, you may break the window.7. He c

    43、ame late because of the bad traffic. He came late _ the traffic was _ . 8. He built a lab at the age of nine. He built a lab _ _ _ nine. 9. I cant finish the work in time without your help . I cant finish the work if _ _ _ me . 10. The water was too dirty for us to drink. The water was _dirty that w

    44、e _ drink _. 11. At the end of the meeting his bag was lost. He couldnt find his bag _the meeting _over.12. The teacher told us to do the experiment. The teacher told us how _ _ _ the experiment. 13. Could you tell me how to get to the station? Could you tell me _ _ _ get to the station? 14. She likes pork a little, but she likes beef better. She _ beef _ _ pork. 15. Mike is the tallest student in his school. _ _ in the school is taller than Mike

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