1、As is known to us, testing the reading ability of the students is the most important purpose in the college entrance examination. The problems designed in the papers relate to the testing of the abilities of inferring, getting the main idea of a passage, guessing the meaning of a word/phrase, tellin
2、g different statements, deciding the authors attitude/purpose, and so on. And how to get the main idea of a passage, some students say, is no easy task. Do you agree with them?”,Whats your idea?,Yes,No,近几年江苏高考阅读理解主旨大意题:,2012年江苏省高考考试大纲说明,阅读：要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生
3、应能： （1）理解语篇主旨要义； （2）理解文中具体信息; （3）根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义； （4）根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理； （5）理解文章的宏观结构和文脉逻辑关系； （6）根据作者的观点、意图和态度； （7）根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括 主要内容或作关键词词语转换。,阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类,主旨题,标题类（ topic or title ）,文章主旨(main idea of the article),段落主旨(main idea of the paragraph),标题类试题常见的题干形式,(1) The best title for this p
4、assage is . (2) The suitable headline for this passage may be (3) The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is . (4) Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?,(体现概括性, 避免远离主题),2. 文章主旨类试题常见的题干形式,(1) What is the passage mainly about? (2) The passage talks about . (3) The
5、 passage tells us that . (4) This passage mainly deals with . (5) Whats the main idea / topic of the passage?,(体现全面性, 避免以偏概全),3. 段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式,(1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that . (2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with? (3) Which of the following can best summ
6、arize Paragraph one? (4) Whats the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?,(体现针对性, 避免张冠李戴),解题 技巧,技巧一: 识别文体,技巧二: 找关联词,技巧三: 抓线索,技巧四: 找高频词,技巧一：识别文体,广告的作用,议论文,总-分-总,（论点论据结论）,说明文,主题句,（首中尾）,记叙文,记叙文要素,应用文 （广告）,Eg.1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can
7、 cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smokingalso can cause other health problems.For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or ter
8、rible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? （1.5分钟）,议论文 总-分-总,1.What is the main idea ? A. cigarette smoking can cause cancer B. smoking can cause the most seriousand terrible disease(illness) C. smoking also can cause other health problems D. smoking is harmful.,D,Eg.2 Passage B(NMET2
9、003)Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy An
10、imals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children wh
11、o read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department.Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of
12、the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class. The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Da
13、na Thumpowsky, public relations manager. （3.5分钟）,What is mainly discussed in the text?,eg.2 Passage B(NMET2003)Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmen
14、tal listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs
15、 (READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the chi
16、ldrens department.Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at
17、the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.,Example and success of the program,eg.2 Passage B(NMET2003)Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills(读写能力). With t
18、heir shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence (自信心), according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs t
19、o help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often
20、have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the childrens department.Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the childrens department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading
21、for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, according to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.,Example and success of the program,2. What is mainly discu
22、ssed in the text?A. Childrens reading difficulties. B. Advantages of raising dogs.C. Service in a public library. D. A special reading program.,Eg.3 (江苏 2011) （2.5分钟）,3.The purpose of this poster is to invite more people to_. A. raise money for the Friends organization B. join the Friends organizati
23、on and be members of it C. work as managers for Pembroke shire National Park D. enjoy the landscape of Pembroke shire National Park,Eg.4 (江苏 2011)We know the famous onesthe Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the
24、traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldnt we know who they are?Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”, howev
25、er, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and ”how” questions. According to Mclean,” When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”,So, just what is the stor
26、y behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the wi
27、ndshield, she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm
28、on the outside, became the first windshield wiper. Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，Its hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgans traffic light. Its equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you
29、picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses? （4分钟）,4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage? A. How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers? B. How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window? C. Shouldnt We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wi
30、per? D. Shouldnt We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?,c,Eg.5 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi-onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying tohide his own weakness. So, it is fool
31、ish totry to judge a person only by his appearance （1分钟）,（so, therefore, thus ,in conclusion, in short, all in all , overall, clearly, plainly, In fact）,技巧二： 找关联词,技巧三: 从段落中归纳要点抓大意，理清线索.,有些文章或段落无明显的主题句, 只是暗示性地体现主 题. 这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实 或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意,eg.6 Tom studied four years at the University
32、of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.（2分钟） 6.The main idea of th
33、is paragraph is that _. A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university. B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College. C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university. D. Tom received
34、an excellent education.,detail,detail,detail,技巧四: 从段落中寻找高频率词,任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此， 许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出 现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词,Eg.7 Imagine，one day，getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours，and then，after a full day of work，going back home to Beijing and
35、 having dinner thereSounds unusual，doesnt it? But its not that unrealistic，with the development of Chinas highspeed railway systemAnd thats not a11China has an even greater highspeed railway planto connect the country with Southeast Asia，and eventually Eastern EuropeChina is negotiating to extend it
36、s own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 1 0 to 15 years，eventually reaching London and SingaporeChina has proposed three such projectsThe first would possibly connect Kunming withSingapore via Vietnam and MalaysiaAnother could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekista
37、n，and possibly,to GermanyThe third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western EuropeIf Chinas plan for the high-speed railway goes forward，people could zip over from London to Beiling in under two daysThe new system would still follow Chinas highspeed railway stan
38、dardAnd the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour，almost as fast as some airplanesChinas bullet train(高速客车)，the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou，already has the Worlds fastest average speedIt covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hoursOf course，there are some technical challenges to ov
39、ercome There are so many issues that need to be settled，such as safety，rail gauge(轨距)，maintenance of railway tracksSo，its importantto pay attention to every detail,But the key issue is really moneyChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansionChina prefers that
40、the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment Resources from those countries could stream into China to sustain developmentIt11 be a win-win project. For other countries，the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business，tourism and so on，no
41、t to mention the better communication among those countnesFor China，such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed (4.5分钟),7Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?ANew Railway Standards BBig Railway DreamsCHighspeed Bullet Trains DIn
42、ternational Railway Network,主旨要义题技巧,summary,遵循 四字原则:,准,全,新,用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想,要注意文章的内涵和外延, 把作者的 观点准确地表达出来.,要排除掉那些片面的选项, 选取包含文章的 主要内容及作者观点的选项, 范围不宜过大 或过小.,所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力, 能激 发读者的阅读兴趣.,精,Do some reading exercise,Thank you,技巧一：识别文体,广告的作用,议论文,总-分-总,（论点论据结论）,说明文,主题句,（首中尾）,记叙文,记叙文要素,应用文 （广告）,解题 技巧,技巧一：识别文体,技巧二： 找关联词,技巧三: 抓线索,技巧四: 找高频词,
