1、CCNA Self-Study: Introduction to Cisco Networking Technologies (INTRO)By Steve McQuerryACKNOWLEDGMENTS.3ICONS USED IN THIS BOOK .4COMMAND SYNTAX CONVENTIONS .5FOREWORD 6INTRODUCTION.7Goal of This Book 8Chapter Organization8PART I: INTERNETWORKING BASICS.10CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO INTERNETWORKING 1
2、0Network Computing Basics11Network Computing Basics Section Quiz 19Computer Numbering Systems.20Computer Numbering Systems Section Quiz .30Internetworking Fundamentals31Internetworking Fundamentals Section Quiz 34Principles of Data Communications35Principles of Data Communication Section Quiz46Chapt
3、er Summary 47Chapter Review Questions.48CHAPTER 2. INTERNETWORKING DEVICES49Defining Network Components50Mapping Business Needs to a Hierarchical Model .52Physical Network Versus Logical Network .54Network Topology Section Quiz 58Functions of Internetworking Devices.59Functions of Internetwork Devic
4、es Section Quiz.82Chapter Summary 83Chapter Review Questions.84CHAPTER 3. COMMON TYPES OF NETWORKS 86LANs Overview 86LANs Overview Section Quiz.94WANs Overview .94WANs Overview Section Quiz105Services Networks106Services Networks Section Quiz.113Chapter Summary 114Chapter Review Questions.114Chapter
5、 Review Questions.116PART II: THE INTERNETWORKING LAYERS119CHAPTER 4. NETWORK MEDIA (THE PHYSICAL LAYER).119Cabling and Infrastructure 120Cabling and Infrastructure Section Quiz.129Choosing LAN Cabling Options 130LAN Cabling Options Section Quiz .139Understanding WAN Cabling 141Understanding WAN Cab
6、ling Section Review.151Chapter Summary 152Chapter Review Questions.152CHAPTER 5. LAYER 2 SWITCHING FUNDAMENTALS (THE DATA LINK LAYER) .154Understanding Shared Ethernet Technologies154Understanding Shared Ethernet Technologies Section Quiz.159Bridged and Switched Ethernet .161Bridged and Switched Eth
7、ernet Section Quiz169Virtual LANs 172Virtual LAN Section Quiz 176Chapter Summary 177Chapter Review Questions.177CHAPTER 6. TCP/IP (THE TRANSPORT AND INTERNETWORKING LAYER PROTOCOL).180IP Internet Layer Overview .183IP Internet Layer Overview Section Quiz193The Transport Layer 194Transport Layer Sect
8、ion Quiz210Chapter Summary 213Chapter Review Questions.213CHAPTER 7. IP ADDRESSING AND ROUTING (THE INTERNETWORKING LAYER) 218IP Network Addressing 219IP Network Addressing Section Quiz.233IP Subnetting .234IP Subnetting Section Quiz246Routing Basics .248Routing Basics Section Quiz256Routing Protoco
9、ls 257Routing Protocols Section Quiz.266Chapter Summary 268Chapter Review Questions.268PART III: ADMINISTERING CISCO DEVICES 272CHAPTER 8. USING WAN TECHNOLOGIES .272WAN Technology Basics273WAN Technology Basics Section Quiz 279WAN Access Technologies.281WAN Access Technologies Section Quiz .292Mode
10、ms294Modems Section Quiz 298Chapter Summary 299Chapter Review Questions.299CHAPTER 9. OPERATING AND CONFIGURING CISCO IOS DEVICES .301Basic Operation of the Cisco IOS Software 302Basic Operation of the Cisco IOS Software Section Quiz .314Booting a Cisco IOS Device 318Booting a Cisco IOS Device Secti
11、on Quiz.330Configuring a Switch from the Command Line .332Configuring a Switch from the Command Line Section Quiz338Configuring a Router from the Command Line.339Configuring a Router from the Command Line Section Quiz349Managing Configuration Changes 350Managing Configuration Changes Section Quiz.35
12、3Chapter Summary 353Chapter Review Questions 353CHAPTER 10. MANAGING YOUR NETWORK ENVIRONMENT .361Getting Information About Neighboring Devices362Getting Information About Neighboring Devices Section Quiz 369Getting Information About Remote Devices 372Getting Information About Remote Devices Section
13、 Quiz.377Router Booting Sequence and Verification Commands.379Router Booting Sequence and Verification Commands Section Quiz .389Cisco IOS File System and Devices.390Cisco IOS File System and Devices Section Quiz .400Chapter Summary 402Chapter Review Questions.403AcknowledgmentsIf you are reading th
14、is, you have probably been involved in some type of publishing process or know someone who has. If you do not fall into one of these categories, let met thank you for taking the time to find out about all the wonderful people behind this book. For anyone who has worked anywhere in the publishing com
15、munity, it is common knowledge that regardless of whose name is on the cover, there are dozens of people behind a successful project, and this one is no exception. As a matter of fact, the people here deserve more credit for this project than I do. So as insignificant as these acknowledgments seem,
16、to me, they are among the most important words I can write in the entire work.I would like to thank the technical editors: Steve Kalman, Don Johnston, and Jay Swan. Without their keen eyesight and insight, my work would be much less polished.I would like to thank all the wonderful people at Cisco Pr
17、ess. This is my sixth writing project in the past five years and the second of this summer. I cannot begin to express in this paragraph how great it has been to work with these fine professionals. I would not begin to think about writing without this fine group. Thanks to Dayna Isley for keeping me
18、on track and focused. It has been a joy to work with you on this project, and I hope we get to work together again. Thanks to Brett Bartow, the acquisitions editor, who back in 1998 gave me the opportunity to start in the technical-writing field. You have been a guiding force in my writing career an
19、d I truly appreciate that. Thanks to Tammi Barnett, who puts up with my relentless requests and keeps everything in the proper queues. Also, thanks to John Kane, Sheri Cain, and Tim Wrightyou are the best in the industry!I would be remiss if I didnt mention all the students and instructors I have ha
20、d the pleasure of teaching and working with over the past several years. Your questions, comments, and challenges offered many of the tips, cautions, and questions for this book.I would like to thank my family for their patience and understanding during this project and all of my projects.Most impor
21、tant, I would like to thank God for giving me the skills, talents, and opportunity to work in such a challenging and exciting profession.Icons Used in This BookView full size imageCommand Syntax ConventionsThe conventions used to present command syntax in this book are the same conventions used in t
22、he Cisco IOS Command Reference, as follows: Boldface indicates commands and keywords that are entered literally as shown. In examples (not syntax), boldface indicates user input (for example, a show command). Italics indicate arguments for which you supply values. Square brackets ( and ) indicate op
23、tional elements. Braces ( and ) contain a choice of required keywords. Vertical bars (|) separate alternative, mutually exclusive elements. Braces and vertical bars within square bracketsfor example, x y | zindicate a required choice within an optional element. You do not need to enter what is in th
24、e brackets, but if you do, you have some required choices in the braces.ForewordCCNA Self-Study: Introduction to Cisco Networking Technologies (INTRO) is a Cisco authorized, self-paced learning tool that helps you understand foundation concepts covered on the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
25、 exams. This book was developed in cooperation with the Cisco Internet Learning Solutions Group, the team within Cisco responsible for the development of the CCNA exams. As an early stage exam preparation product, this book presents detailed and comprehensive coverage of the tasks that network engin
26、eers need to perform to build and support small- to medium-sized networks. Whether you are studying to become CCNA certified or are simply seeking to gain a better understanding of networking fundamentals using the Open System Interconnection (OSI) seven-layer model concepts, you will benefit from t
27、he information presented in this book.Cisco Systems and Cisco Press present this material in text-based format to provide another learning vehicle for our customers and the broader user community in general. Although a publication does not duplicate the instructor-led or e-learning environment, we a
28、cknowledge that not everyone responds in the same way to the same delivery mechanism. It is our intent that presenting this material via a Cisco Press publication will enhance the transfer of knowledge to a broad audience of networking professionals.Cisco Press will present other books in the certif
29、ication self-study series on existing and future exams to help achieve Cisco Internet Learning Solutions Groups principal objectives: to educate the Cisco community of networking professionals and to enable that community to build and maintain reliable, scalable networks. The Cisco Career Certificat
30、ions and classes that support these certifications are directed at meeting these objectives through a disciplined approach to progressive learning.To succeed with Cisco Career Certifications and in your daily job as a Cisco certified professional, we recommend a blended learning solution that combin
31、es instructor-led training with hands-on experience, e-learning, and self-study training. Cisco Systems has authorized Cisco Learning Partners worldwide, which can provide you with the most highly qualified instruction and invaluable hands-on experience in lab and simulation environments. To learn m
32、ore about Cisco Learning Partner programs available in your area, visit books Cisco Press creates in partnership with Cisco Systems meets the same standards for content quality demanded of our courses and certifications. It is our intent that you will find this and subsequent Cisco Press certificat
33、ion self-study publications of value as you build your networking knowledge base.Thomas M. KellyVice President, Internet Learning Solutions GroupCisco Systems, Inc.January 2004IntroductionSince the introduction of the personal computer in the early 1970s, businesses have found more uses and applicat
34、ions for technology in the workplace. With the introduction of LANs, file sharing, and print sharing in the 1980s, it became obvious that distributed computing was no longer a passing fad. By the 1990s, computers became less expensive, and innovations such as the Internet allowed everyone to connect
35、 to computer services worldwide. Computing services have become large and distributed. The days of punch cards and greenbar paper are behind us, and a new generation of computing experts is being asked to keep this distributed technology operational. These experts are destined to have a new set of i
36、ssues and problems to deal with, the most complex of them being connectivity and compatibility between differing systems and devices.The primary challenge with data networking today is to link multiple devices protocols and sites with maximum effectiveness and ease of use for the end users. Of cours
37、e, this must all be accomplished in a cost-effective way. Cisco Systems offers a variety of products to give network managers and analysts the ability to face and solve the challenges of internetworking.In an effort to ensure that these networking professionals have the knowledge to perform these ar
38、duous tasks, Cisco Systems has developed a series of courses and certifications that act as benchmarks for internetworking professionals. These courses help internetworking professionals learn the fundamentals of internetworking technologies along with skills in configuring and installing Cisco prod
39、ucts. The certification exams are designed to be a litmus test for the skills required to perform at various levels of internetworking. The Cisco certifications range from the associate level, CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate), through the professional level, CCNP (Cisco Certified Network Pro
40、fessional), to the expert level, CCIE (Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert). This book is a self-study product based on the Cisco course “Introduction to Networking,“ one of the two courses, the second being “Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices,“ used to ground individuals in the fundamentals of s
41、witched and routed internetworks.This book presents the foundation concepts and basic interface commands required to configure Cisco switches and routers to operate in corporate internetworks. You are introduced to all the basic concepts and configuration procedures required to build a multiswitch,
42、multirouter, and multigroup internetwork that uses LAN and WAN interfaces for the most commonly used routing and routed protocols.INTRO is the first of a two-part introductory level series and is recommended for individuals who have one to three years of internetworking experience and want to become
43、 familiar with basic internetworking concepts and the TCP/IP protocol. This book also provides a working knowledge of the Cisco IOS operating system.Although the self-study book is designed for those who are pursuing the CCNA certification, it is also useful for network administrators responsible fo
44、r implementing and managing small and medium-sized business networks. Network support staff who performs a help desk role in a medium- or enterprise-sized company will find this a valuable resource. Finally, Cisco customers or channel resellers and network technicians entering the internetworking in
45、dustry who are new to Cisco products can benefit from the contents of this book.Goal of This BookThis book is intended as a self-study book for the INTRO exam, which is required for the CCNA certification. Like the certification itself, this book helps readers become literate in the basics of intern
46、etworking, TCP/IP, and the use of Cisco IOS on switches and routers. By using these skills, someone who completes this book and/or the INTRO course should be able to pass the INTRO exam and be adequately prepared to continue on to the ICND materials.Readers interested in more information about the C
47、CNA certification should consult the Cisco website at http:/ and navigate to the CCNA page through the Learning & Events/Career Certifications and Paths link. To schedule a Cisco certification test, contact Pearson Vue on the web at http:/ or Prometric on the web at .Chapter OrganizationThis book is
48、 broken up into four parts. This book is designed to be read in order because many chapters build on content from a previous chapter.Part I, “Internetworking Basics,“ includes chapters that explain the basic networking computing concepts: Chapter 1, “Introduction to Internetworking,“ reviews the com
49、ponents that make up a computer network and some common numbering systems used in computing. Chapter 2, “Internetworking Devices,“ explores the different components used to interconnect various computer networks. Chapter 3, “Common Types of Networks,“ describes many of the common network topologies and media used in todays network environments.Part II, “The Internetworking Layers,“ describes how internetworking devices provide services at the lower three layers of the OSI model: Chapt
