1、同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。,Unit 2 Cloning Period 3 Grammar & Writing 课件（人教版选修8，重庆专用）,名词性从句（一）,一、概念,I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
2、 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 Ive come from Mr. Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有：advice, announcement，argument，belief，conclusion，decision，doubt，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opini
3、on，order，probability，promise，question，remark，reply，report，,saying，statement，story，suggestion，thought，warning，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。 1由that引导 They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。 The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不实。
4、,二、引导词,Ive come to the conclusion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出结论这样做是不明智的。 He referred to Copernicus statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼关于地球绕太阳转的说法。 【温馨提示】 (1)在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。 There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from
5、the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。 The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。,(2)引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。 He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。 2由whether引导 Answer my question whether you are
6、coming. 你回答我的问题：你来不来。 The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.这个是对还是错要看结果。 We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。,注意：whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。 3由连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导 I have no idea what size shoes she wears. 我不知道
7、她穿几号的鞋。 The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该做这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗？ 4由连接副词when, where, how, why引导 I have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。,It is a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做的问题。 He had no idea why she left. 他不知道她为什么
8、离开。有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。 The story goes that he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。 The rumour spread that a new school would be built here.谣传这里要盖一所新学校。,三、分隔式同位语从句,The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他想到可能敌人已逃离这座城市。1意义的不同 同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而
9、定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来： We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。 (news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句),四、同位语从句与定语从句的区别,We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。 (that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句) 2引导词的不同 what,
10、how, if, whatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。 3引导词功能上的不同 that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。,4被修饰词语的区别 同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。 另外，when和where引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又
11、如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定： We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice.,我们不明白这个问题，为什么这是最好的选择。(同位语从句 ) The reason why he didnt come to the meeting is that he is ill. 他未能来开会，原因是他生病了。(定语从句),【感悟高考】 1.The notice came around two in the afternoon themeeting would be postpo
12、ned. （2012江苏，27）A.when B.thatC.whether D.how解析 句意：下午2点左右，有人通知说会议要推迟了。本题考查同位语从句。came around two in the afternoon把名词notice及其同位语从句分隔开来，增加了题目的难度。同位语从句意义和结构完整，不缺少任何成分，所以用连接词that引导，故答案为B项。答案 B,2.I made a promise to myself this year,my first year in highschool,would be different. （2012浙江，4）A.whether B.what
13、C.that D.how解析 句意：我向自己保证：今年我高中的第一年将会是不同寻常的一年。此题考查名词性从句。分析句意可知空格处引导的是同位语从句，解释说明promise的内容，并且此从句结构和意义完整，故用that引导。答案 C,用同位语从句完成下列句子 The thought came to her_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。 There was little hope_ _ _ _他幸存的希望很小。 He hasnt made the decision_ _ _ _ _他还没有做出决定是否去那里。,I have
14、 no idea_ _ _ _ _its a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。 Our teacher gave us some advice_ _ _ _ _老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。 答案 that maybe she had left the door open that he would survive whether he will go there which wine is the best how we(should) use the computer,injury in time for the race
15、. Athat Bwhich Cuntil Dif 解析 下划线处引导chance的同位语从句，说明chance的具体内容，应填入that。 答案 A,【单项填空】 There is much chance_Bill will recover from his,class_he had to meet his uncle at the airport. Awhy Bthat Cwhere Dbecause 解析 “he had to meet his uncle at the airport”本身是完整的陈述句， 用以说明reason的具体内容， 应用that引导同位语从句。 答案 B,Nob
16、ody believed his reason for being absent from the,and eager to learn from others. Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhy 解析 fact后面通常由that引导同位语从句， that后接完整的陈述句说明fact的具体内容。句意：她的成功取决于她非常愿意与别人合作并且向别人学习。 答案 B,Doris success lies in the fact_she is cooperative,use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birth
17、day. Aif Bwhen CThat Dwhich 解析 “I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday”本身是完整的陈述句， 用以说明thought的具体内容， 应用that引导同位语从句。 答案 C,A warm thought suddenly came to me_I might,visit me this coming Christmas. Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhether 解析 陈述客观情况的名词性从句的引导词之后是完整的陈述句，引导词本身不充当该名词性从句
18、中具体的句子成分， 有这样用法的引导词只能是that。本题中that引导的名词性从句“that he would visit me this coming Christmas”是说明promise具体内容的同位语从句。 答案 B,Along with the letter was his promise_he would,高二(三)班的全体同学将于2013年4月12日在学校图书馆举办一次活动，活动包括诗朗诵、讲故事、唱歌、舞蹈，现以全班同学的名义邀请全体高中同学参加，届时，将请各班主任作为教师代表出席，请参加的师生每人准备好一个节目。,应用文(二),通 知,【写作任务】 写一份通知 【写作内容
19、】,本次写作要求写一份通知，属于应用文写作范畴。通知是部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。通知的写法有两种，一种是以布告形式贴出，把事情通知有关人员，如学生、观众等，通常不用称呼；另一种是以书信的形式，发给有关人员，此种通知写作形式同普通书信，只要写明通知的具体内容即可。通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。,【写作要求】 170100字左右； 2通知发出日期：2013年4月8日。 【写作分析】 第一步：认真审题 一审体裁：,二审格式：1.标题 书面通知标题的每个字母可以用NOTICE或Notice，并常写在正文上方的正中位置。口头通知用Announcement作标题，但通常省略不说
20、。 2称呼 口头通知的开头往往有称呼语(被通知的对象)，如：“Boys and girls”，“Ladies and gentlemen”，“Comrades and friends”等，称呼语要左起顶格写。 3正文 正文要写明所做事情的具体时间、地点、概括性内容(多为书面通知的首句)、出席对象及有关注意事项。为了引起对方的注意，可在开头使用提醒听众注意的语句，如,“Attention，please！”“Your attention，please！”“May I have your attention，please？”等，且最好有结束语，如：“Thank you(for listening)”
21、以示礼貌。4落款和日期发出通知的人或单位的名称，一般写在标题的上方或在正文后面的右下角；发出通知的时间要写在正文的左下角，也可按书信格式写正文的右上角。不过，这两项有时可以省略。口头通知不说这两项。三审文体：书面通知用词贴切，语句简洁，具有书面化特点；口头通知用词表达要注重口语化。,第二步：提炼要点 1have interesting activities 2by then 3the senior students 4join in 5representatives of teachers 第三步：扩点成句 1Were going to have interesting activities
22、in the school library. 2By then，some of us will read poems and some will tell stories. 3We hope all the senior students can come and join in the,activities. 4All the headmasters will be invited to our activities as representatives of teachers.【参考范文】NOTICEMay I have your attention，please? I have an a
23、nnouncement to make. Were going to have interesting activities in the school library at 8：00 am. on April 12, 2013. By then，some of us will read poems and some will tell stories. You can also hear wonderful singing and watch beautiful dancing there.,We hope all the senior students can come and join
24、in the activities. All the headmasters will be invited to our activities as representatives of teachers. Please get one performance ready because some of you will probably be asked to give us one.Thats all. Thank you. Students of Class3, Senior2April 8, 2013,【亮点展示】 本文覆盖了题目中的所有要点，虽然没有使用太多高级词汇，却把内容表达得
25、清楚全面。文章注重行文的条理性和长短句的交替使用，读起来富有节奏感，另外还使用了一些过渡性的语句如“By then，you can also hear wonderful singing and watch beautiful dancing there. ”等。“Please get one performance ready because some of you will probably be asked to give us one.”这一情感性语句拉近了与听众的距离，起到了良好的情感沟通作用。,【写作模板】,Title( Notice/NOTICE),Greeting(Boys a
26、nd girls/Ladies and gentlemen /Friends，May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make._(事件)will be held_(地点、时间) The_( 内容 ). All the teachers and students are required_(要求)Thats all. Thank you.Students Union(发布通知者)Date(通知发布日期),常用句式： 1May I have/call your attention, please? 请注意啦！ 2A
27、ttention, please, everybody! 大家请注意啦！ 3I have an announcement to make. 我要宣布一个通知。 4I have something to tell you. 我有事情要告诉你们。 5I have some good news for you! 我有好消息要告诉你们。 6There will be a talk this afternoon. 今天下午有一个报告。 7The Student Union has decided that. 学生会决定 8We shall have a lecture on.我们将要听一个关于的报告。,
28、9It has been decided that well pay a visit to.我们已决定要参观 10Please take your notebook with you.请随身带着笔记本。 11Well gather at the school gate at eight tomorrow.我们明天八点在校门口集合。 12Please be there on time and dont be late.请准时到达那儿，不要迟到。 13I hope you can have a good time.我希望你们能过得愉快。 14Thats all. Thank you. 完了，谢谢。
29、,first, firstly，to begin with，second，secondly，to start with，third，thirdly，whats more，also and then，besides, in addition，further, in the first place，still, furthermore，last，last but not the least，next，besides，too，moreover，finally,写作常用词句积累 (二),1表层进,for example, for instance，to illustrate, as an illust
30、ration，after all as a matter of fact，frankly speaking，in this case, namely，in other wordsin summary, in a word，in brief, in conclusion，to conclude, in fact，indeed, in short, in other words, of course，it is true，specially，in all，that is，to summarize，thus, as has been said，altogether，in other words，fi
31、nally，in simpler terms，in particular，on the,2表举例,3表解释,4表总结,whole，to put it differently，thereforeof course，indeed，above all，most important，emphasis，certainly，in factstill, nevertheless，in spite of, all the same，even so，after all，naturally，of course in comparison，likewise，similarly，equally，however，likewise，in the same way,5表强调,6表让步,7表比较,
