1、英 语,第44讲 阅读理解(一),阅读理解。(2014，扬州) World War lasted from 1939 to 1945.Life changed for everybody，including women and children because of the war.Millions of people lost their lives during the war.The Diary of a Young Girl was a record of that time.The book was written by a girl named Anne Frank. Anne F
2、rank was born in Germany in June 1929.Because the German Nazi (纳粹分子) hated the Jews (犹太人) and wanted to kill them，her family had to move to another country.In July 1942，they went into hiding in a secret place in her fathers office.During that difficult time，Anne kept writing diaries until she and he
3、r family were discovered by the Nazis in August 1944.They were caught and sent to a Nazi camp.The next year，her mother died.In the same year，she and her elder sister died of illness，before the war ended.,After the war，her father collected her diaries and the book The Diary of a Young Girl came out i
4、n 1947.It has been put into over 30 languages since then.The book has been read by people all over the world.In her diary，Anne wrote down her thoughts，her feelings，her hopes and her dreams for the future，“I want the diary to be my friend，and Im going to call this friend Kitty.”“I cant spend all day
5、complaining because its impossible to have any fun！.Every day，I feel the beauty of nature and the goodness of the people around me.With all that，why should I be sad？” The Diary of a Young Girl has also become a symbol of the greatness of the human spirit.It is called one of the wisest and most movin
6、g records on war.,1In which year did Anne die of illness？_D_ AIn 1939. BIn 1942. CIn 1944. DIn 1945. 2According to the passage，“Kitty” is _A_ Aher diary Bher elder sister Cher mother Dher hiding place,3Which of the following is true？_C_ AAnne was lazy, sad and complained all day. BThe book is mainly
7、 about Annes school life. CAnne loved life though she was in difficult time. DThe book has been put into nearly 30 languages. 4From the passage, we can infer (推断) _B_ AAnne was born in Germany BAnne was a Jew CAnnes father collected the diaries DAnne was a Nazi,中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力。很多考生在做
8、题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析。 从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文的长度和难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题。,(一)主旨概括题 主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 (二)细节理解题 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做
9、此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。,【例1】(2014，重庆B) Many people have great difficulty in saying goodbye.But from goodbye moments，we can always learn something. Once，I overheard (无意中听到) a father and daughter in their goodbye moment.The father said，“I love you，I wish you enough.”The daughter answered, “
10、Daddy, our life together has been more than enough. Your love is all that I need. I wish you enough, too, Daddy.”,They kissed and she left. The father walked over towards me. I could see he wanted and needed a cry. He came over to me and asked, “Did you ever say a forever goodbye to someone？” Before
11、 I could answer, he went on, “ I am old and she lives much too far away. I know her next trip back would be for my funeral (葬礼)” “When you were saying goodbye I heard you say, I wish you enough. May I ask what that means？”,He began to smile, “Its a wish that has come down from my greatgreatgrandpare
12、nts. And my parents used to say it to me.” He stopped for a moment and looked up as if trying to remember it. He smiled even more. “When we said I wish you enough， we were wanting the other person to have a life full of enough good things.” Then，turning towards me, he shared (分享) the following “wish
13、” from his heart. I wish you enough sun to keep you bright. I wish you enough rain to appreciate the sun more. I wish you enough happiness to keep you alive. I wish you enough pain so that the smallest joys in life appear much bigger. I wish enough hellos to get you through the final goodbye. My fri
14、ends, I wish you enough.,1Many people would find it difficult _ A _. Ato say goodbye Bto overhear others Cto share their wishes Dto live too far away 点拨：细节理解题。根据首句“Many people have great difficulty in saying goodbye.”得到答案。,2How did the father get the “wish”？ AThe writer wrote it for him. BHis parent
15、s passed it down to him. CThe teacher taught him at school. DHis daughter told him about it. 点拨：细节理解题。根据“Its a wish that has come down from my greatgreatgrandparents.And my parents used to say it to me.”得到答案。 答案：_B_,3From the passage, we may learn _ D _. Athe daughter didnt understand his father Bth
16、e old man didnt want to see his daughter Cthe writer knew the old man very well Dthe father and daughter loved each other so much 点拨：归纳判断题。根据文章第二段和“I could see he wanted and needed a cry.”知道A、B和C是错误的。,4The best title of the passage may be “_ C _” AFather and Daughter BA Difficult Moment CWish You En
17、ough DA Trip Back Home 点拨：主旨概括题。文章大意为“作者通过一位父亲与女儿告别以及与该父亲的交谈，表达了作者对I wish you enough的观点和想法。”故选C。,Canada is famous for its winter lifestyle，for the season lasts half the year there.A great example of this is the Quebec Winter Carnival(嘉年华)Quebec is an old city with beautiful historic buildings，and ma
18、ny agree that winter is the best time to visit.The city comes alive in the snow，especially during the winter festival.People who visit the cold city can find tons of things to do that will make winter seem perfect.,The Carnival has a magical ice palace made with 9，000 tons of snow，a boat race on the
19、 St.Lawrence River，and two night parades(游行) with funny people and colorful cars.Others interesting things include a 122meter ice slide，and a large football game.There is also an exciting dogsled race that runs through six kilometers of the citys streets.With more than 20 teams in the game，the dogsl
20、ed race is noisy，fun and full of great cheer.Even better，artists from around the world come to enter the snow sculpture(雕塑) competition.It is amazing how these artists can bring snow to life.The Quebec Winter Carnival has everything for the whole family and more.It is surely a great way to experienc
21、e winter at its fullest.,Another famous winter festival is on the other side of the world in China.Known as the City of Ice，Harbin is the capital city of Heilongjiang Province，which is next to Siberia.In the winer，it is very cold，and temperatures there can drop to 30 below zero.Even so，the cold weat
22、her makes the city the right place for the Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival.The festival is held every year.,1According to the passage，many people think _D_ is the best time to visit Quebec. Aspring Bsummer Cautumn Dwinter 2The Quebec Winter Carnival includes _C_ a dogsled race a winter sw
23、imming two night parades a snow fight a boat race A B C D,3Which of the following is TRUE about Harbin？_A_ AIt is known as the City of Ice. BIts famous for its four seasons. CIt is in Northern China，next to Quebec. DIt holds an exciting festival every month 4The writer will probably write about _D_
24、in the next part of the article. Athe Quebec Winter Carnival Bthe introduction of Heilongjiang Province Cthe snow sculpture competition in Quebec Dthe Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival,(一)(2014，绍兴) Vicky Zhao is from the mainland working in Hong Kong.For her，one thing she cant stand is peop
25、le standing on the wrong side of the escalator(自动扶梯) in subway stations. “Escalators help us move faster and save time.It isnt a place to rest，”the 24yearold says，“I often see tourists blocking(挡住) the way with their heavy suitcases or chatting on the escalators during rush hour.It makes me very ang
26、ry.”,Agreeing that she is not the patient type，Zhao says things are much better in Hong Kong than in cities on the mainland where people often pay no attention to “stand right，walk left” signs. The reason behind the rule“stand right，walk left”seems clear.Even though you may want to have a rest and j
27、ust wait while youre transported up or down, you should still consider others and leave enough space for people in a hurry, so that they can run and take the train. But the people who stand on escalators will tell the walkers not to be so impatient.In a recent story about the escalator rule，one stan
28、der says.“If the person is in such a rush，why not just take the stairs？”,Many cities escalators，including Londons and Beijings, use the “stand right, walk left” rule to speed up the movement of people.(In Australian cities like Sydney you should stand on the left side instead.)But some cities discou
29、rage people from moving on escalators out of safety reasons. In Hong Kongs subway stations people are asked to “stand still”on escalators.Even so，most people keep the “stand right, walk left”rule. Whatever the escalator rule is in the place you live in or visit, do what most people are doing and alw
30、ays be mindful of others: leave enough space between each other, dont stay at the end of the escalator, and if someone is blocking your way, a simple “excuse me” is enough.,1According to the passage，Vicky Zhao _B_ Acomes from Hong Kong Bis a 24yearold girl Cwants to be a patient person Dworks in a s
31、ubway station 2The passage mentions that people are advised not to move on the escalator in _D_ ALondon BBeijing CSydney DHong Kong,3It can be learnt from the passage that the writer _C_ Ais crazy about taking escalators Bagrees to the “stay right, walk left”rule Ctells us to consider other people D
32、has been to Hong Kong many times 4. Whats the best title of the passage？_A_ AGet it right BHelp others CTake stairs DMove fast,(二)(2014，嘉兴) Have you noticed the number of people listening to music very loudly on the trains and buses？Their music is so loud that you can even hear clearly what the sing
33、ers are singing.The problem is that the music is coming out from their earphones! Doctors warn young people about the dangers of listening to music from earphones so loudly for a long time.In the United States，studies show that musicians and people who work at performance halls have experienced hear
34、ing problems after exposure(暴露) to loud music for just up to 30 minutes a day.These people slowly lose their hearing and need to turn up the music even more loudly to hear it properly，possibly causing further damage to it.,As we know，the ear has three partsthe outer part，the middle ear and the inner
35、 ear.There are tiny hairs in the inner ear.It is the tiny hairs that receive the soundwaves and then change them into what the brain(脑) can understand.Exposure to loud noise can damage the tiny hairs and this causes hearing loss(损伤)Usually，this kind of hearing loss can be treated if the noise isnt v
36、ery sudden and loud.Exposure to loud noise for too long a time can cause lasting damage.People with serious hearing loss may need to have an operation，but even after the operation they may not hear as well as before.,You know you have been listening to loud music too long when you start hearing ring
37、ing noises in your ear.They may be signs that the tiny hairs in your inner ear have been damaged. So next time you listen to music using your earphones，make sure it is not loud enough for others to hear.Remember that once hearing loss sets in，there is no turning back.,5We can probably read this pass
38、age in the _C_ part of a newspaper. Anews Bsports Cscience Dadvertisement 6The underlined word “soundwaves” in Paragraph 3 means _C_ in Chinese. A声速 B声调 C声波 D声带,7When you hear ringing noises in your ear，it means _B_ Ayour middle ear has been damaged Byou must stop listening to loud music Cyour heari
39、ng loss cant be turned back Dyou need to have an operation on your ear 8The writer of the passage is trying to advise people to _A_ Ause earphones properly Blisten to music in public Clearn about hearing problems Dunderstand three parts of the ear,(三),9George says that the Internet helps him to _B_
40、Aplay computer games with friends Bkeep in touch with his family and friends Cmake phone calls easily Dbuy clothing from around the world 10Why does Wang Lin think electricity is the most useful？_D_ ABecause it isnt really an invention. BBecause people love Alessandro Volta very much. CBecause Benja
41、min Franklin learned how to use it. DBecause many inventions cannot work without it.,11For Wendy，the air conditioner is the most useful because _B_ Ashe has to work a lot Bshe lives in a very hot place Cshe often gets sick Dshe studies very hard,(四)(2014，包头) Ted Browns dream as a child was an unusua
42、l one：he wanted to fly.What was more unusual was the way in which he made his dream come true. After high school，he wanted to join the US.Air Force but he failed because of his poor eyesight.However，his dream remained. At the age of 33，Ted was a truck driver in Los Angeles.One day，while sitting outs
43、ide in his garden，he watched planes fly overhead and an idea came to him：to use balloons (气球) to fly.,A few weeks later，Ted bought 42 huge balloons.He tied them to a chair and then he sat down in the chair with some beer，sandwiches and a gun.His plan was to fly to 10 meters above his garden，enjoy a
44、few hours in the air，and then shoot some balloons with his gun to get back down.But things did not go as he planned. Once his friends cut the ropes under Teds chair，the 42 balloons flew into the sky at an astonishing speed until about 4 000 meters above the ground with Ted and his chair.He didnt sho
45、ot any of the balloons because he was afraid he might break the balance (平衡) of his “plane”Ted stayed in the sky with his beer and sandwiches for 14 hours，cold and frightened.,Planes heading towards Los Angeles busy international airport reported the strange sight.And Teds balloons caused great dang
46、er to them.At last，Ted gathered his courage to shoot a few balloons and slowly landed on the ground，where many policemen were waiting for him. Ted made his dream come true，but it cost him：he was fined (罚款) $1 500 for breaking the law about air safety. When asked by a reporter why he had done it，Ted
47、answered，“A man cant just sit around and do nothing；he should have his dream and go for it.”,12Why couldnt Ted join the American Air Force？_C_ ABecause he didnt finish high school. BBecause his parents stopped him. CBecause there was problem with his eyes. DBecause he was too short. 13He was fined $
48、1 500 because _A_ Ahis balloons caused trouble to planes Bhe stayed too long in the air Che used too many balloons Dhe took a gun with him,14Which of the following is true？_C_ AHe didnt go to college because of his dream to fly. BHe felt sorry for what he had done. CHe realized his dream in a dangerous way both to himself and to others. DHe didnt shoot the balloons at first because he wanted to stay there longer. 15What can be the best title for the story？_D_ AGo for It BA Man with Poor Eyesight CUp High in the Air DTeds Dream to Fly,
