1、英 语,第36讲 疑问句和倒装句,【真题体验】 1_A_ do you like the film,American Captain 2? Its wonderful!I like it very much.(2014,丽水) AHow BWho CWhat DWhen 2_B_ are you always staying up so late these days? To prepare for my final exam.(2014,济宁) AHow BWhy CWhen DWhere 3I have changed my job.(2014,黔西南) _B_ ASo do I. BSo
2、 have I. CSo I do. DSo I have.,4There _C_ more visitors in Dongying this year because 2014 City Landscaping Exposition of Shangdong Province(山东省城市园林绿化博览会) will be held here on September 1st.(2014,东营) Ais Bare Cwill be Dis going to have 5Judys never been late for school,_B_ she?(2014,达州) _.She is alw
3、ays the first to get to school every morning. Ais;Yes Bhas;No Cisnt;Yes Dhasnt;No 【考点梳理】 1疑问句的种类、结构和疑问词的选择。 2倒装句的结构及其意思。,高频考点一 一般疑问句 1一般疑问句结构 一般疑问句的基本结构为be主语其他助动词(或情态动词)主语谓语(动词原形)其他。对一般疑问句作肯定回答时,通常是:Yes,主语be/助动词/情态动词;作否定回答时,通常是:No,主语be/助动词/情态动词not,not一般要与前面的词语构成缩略形式。 2一般疑问句中需注意的几个问题。 情态动词must提问时,否定回
4、答用neednt或dont have to。 eg:Must I go now?我必须走吗? Yes,you must./No,you neednt. 是的,你必须。/不,你没必要。,否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头,往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。注意yes和no在翻译成中文时与其原意正好相反。 eg:Dont you hear of that? 难道你没听说过那个吗?(表示惊讶) Yes,I do./No,I dont.不,我听说过。/是的,我没有听说过。 【例1】 Have you ever seen the TV show Where Are W
5、e Going,Dad? _ A _.I think its quite moving and funny.(2014,昆明) AYes,I have BNo,I havent CYes,he has DNo,she hasnt 点拨:由答语中“我认为它既感人又滑稽。”可知应用肯定回答。,【例2】 Bad weather!Do you think the rain will stop soon?(2013,台州) _ A _.I want to play baseball outside. AI hope so BI dont mind it CNo problem DNot at all 点
6、拨:由答语后半句“我想出去打棒球”可知,前半句应为“我希望雨停”。 高频考点二 特殊疑问句 1由疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句,不能用Yes或No回答,读时用降调。特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词一般疑问句”构成。常见疑问代词有:who,whom,what,which,whose等;疑问副词有:when,where,how,why,how old,how many,how often,how soon等。,2常见的特殊疑问句 询问时间: When did it start? 什么时候开始的? 询问地点: Where do they come from?他们来自哪里? 询问人或关系: Who i
7、s he?他是谁? Who called you?谁打电话给你? Who/Whom are you going with?你打算跟谁一起去? 询问原因: Why do you like pandas?你为什么喜欢熊猫?,询问天气: How is the weather today?今天天气怎么样? What is the weather like today?今天天气怎么样? 询问频率: How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视? 询问颜色: What colour is your schoolbag? 你的书包是什么颜色的? 询问年龄: How old is t
8、he boy?这男孩多大了?,询问距离: How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远? 询问数量: How many apples do we need? 我们需要多少苹果? How much honey do we need? 我们需要多少蜂蜜? 询问价格: How much is the Tshirt?这件T恤衫多少钱?,【例3】 Excuse me,Sir._ C _ is it from here to the nearest shopping mall? Well,only about five minutes walk.(20
9、14,湖州) AHow often BHow long CHow far DHow soon 点拨:how often“多久”,对频率提问;how long“多长时间”,用for或since引导的时间状语来回答;how far“多远”,对距离提问;how soon“还要多久才”,一般用于将来时,用in引导的时间状语来回答。由答句可知,提问的是距离。,高频考点三 选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中两种或两种以上的情况用or连接,回答时不能用yes或no,要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。语调一般是前升后降。选择疑问句可以分为一般选择疑问句
10、和特殊选择疑问句两种。 一般选择疑问句:一般疑问句or被选择的部分? eg:Do you like apples or pears?你喜欢苹果还是梨? I like pears.我喜欢梨子。 特殊选择疑问句:特殊疑问句A or B? eg:Which would you like better,tea or coffee?你喜欢什么,茶还是咖啡? Id like coffee.我喜欢咖啡。,【例4】 Is your friend a boy or a girl? _ B _. ANo,she isnt BA girl CThe girl DYes,she is 点拨:选择疑问句不能用Yes或N
11、o回答,排除A、D项;根据问句,回答用a girl。,高频考点四 反意疑问句 1反意疑问句是附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。反意疑问句有两部分组成,前一部分为陈述句,后一部分为简短的一般疑问句。若前一部分为肯定句,后一部分就要用否定形式,而且必须用缩略形式;若前一部分用否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式。即:“前肯后否,前否后肯”。两部分的人称和时态要一致。 2常见的特殊的反意疑问句 当陈述部分含有否定意义的词如 hardly,few,little,no,nobody,no one,nothing等时,附加疑问部分须用肯定形式。但若陈述部分含有带否定前缀如im,un,dis
12、等的派生词,仍作为肯定结构,附加疑问句部分用否定式。,I am反意疑问句附加疑问句部分应为arent I。 如果陈述部分是肯定或否定的祈使句,疑问部分须用 will you。 当陈述部分是Lets do sth.时,疑问部分须用shall we来反问;而当陈述部分是Let sb.do sth.时,疑问部分用will you 来反问。 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,附加疑问句部分用“didnt主语”或“usednt主语”。如: He used to go to bed late,didnt /usednt he?他过去常常睡觉晚,是吗? need 的反意疑问句 need是实义动词。如: W
13、e need to come earlier,dont we?我们需要来早点,对吗?,need是情态动词。如: We needt come so early,need we?我们不必来那么早,对吗? 当陈述部分主语是不定代词 nobody,somebody,no one时,疑问句部分须用复数代词they,也可以用he;当陈述部分主语是不定代词 nothing,something时,疑问部分须用代词it。 若陈述部分为there be 句型,附加疑问部分仍用there。 主从复合句的反意疑问句附加疑问句部分的助动词与人称应与主句的谓语动词和人称保持一致。若宾语从句的主语为“I think/sup
14、pose/believe”等表示说话人的看法,反意疑问句的疑问部分应与宾语从句一致。,3反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。 例:He likes playing football,doesnt he?他喜欢踢足球,是吗? Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.是的。/不是。 His sister didnt attend the meeting,did she?他妹妹没有参加会
15、议,是吗? Yes,she did./No,she didnt.不,她参加了。/是的,她没参加。,【例5】 There is little water in the bottle,_ C _? Ais it Bisnt it Cis there Disnt there 点拨:本题考查反意疑问句的用法。句子由there引导,反意疑问句也应由there构成,故排除选项A和B;little意为“很少,几乎没有”,表示否定意义,故反意疑问句用肯定形式。 【例6】 Its sunny today,lets fly kites in the park,_ shall we _? 点拨:以Lets 引导的反
16、意疑问句应用shall we。,高频考点五 倒装句的用法 英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。如果把谓语动词放在之前,就构成了倒装句。下面是几种倒装句的具体形式: 1.这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物,意思是“某人(物)也(不)是这样”。这种结构中的助动词/be动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致,而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定。如: Lucy is a good student,so is Lily. 露西是个好学生,莉莉也是。,这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物,意思是“某人(物)也(不)是这样”。这种结构中的助动词/be动
17、词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致,而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定。如: Lucy is a good student,so is Lily. 露西是个好学生,莉莉也是。 这两种结构的不同点是: “so助动词/be动词/情态动词主语”依附于肯定句,表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为“也”。,“neither助动词/be动词/情态动词主语”依附于否定句,表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人(物),意为“也不”。如: Tom watched TV last night,so did Ann. 汤姆昨晚看电视了,安也看了。 Mary didnt watch TV last night,
18、neither did Jim.玛丽昨晚没有看电视,吉姆也没看。 【注意】若对前面所说的事实加以肯定时,应用so主语be/助动词/情态动词。此时前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。,2there be 句型 there be 句型表示“存在”,是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句。如: There is a tree in front of the building.建筑前有一棵树。 3以副词开头的倒装句 在以here,there,out,in,down,away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中,如果主语是名词,要用倒装句;如果主语是代词,则不需倒装。因此,谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句句尾的主语决定。如:
19、 There comes the bus.公共汽车来了。,【例7】 Im not going swimming this afternoon.(2014,宜宾) _ C _.I have to help my mother do some cleaning. ASo am I BSo I am CNeither am I DNeither I am 点拨:第一句句意为“今天下午我将不会去游泳。”为否定句,答句第二句为“我不得不帮妈妈做清洁。”可知“也不会去”。 【例8】 Between the two hills _ D _ a deep river. Aare Bhave Chas Dis
20、点拨:本句考查倒装句,结合英语提示可知正确语序为“A deep river is between the two hills.”意为“在这两座山之间有一条河。”,1Last night I didnt watch the TV show,A Bite of China 2.(2014,漳州) _C_ did II was preparing for todays test then. ASo BEither CNeither DOr 2Thanks to the 2014 Winter Olympics,Sochi is wellknown,_A_?(2014,昆明) Aisnt it Bwa
21、s it Cis it Dwasnt it 3Across from my home,_C_ a shop which sells things from foreign countries.(2014,济宁) Ait is Bit has Cthere is Dthat is,4_D_ will your father come from Beijing? In two days.(2014,泰安) AHow often BHow long CHow far DHow soon 5Has your mother ever been to London? Yes,and _A_We went
22、together.(2014,白银) Aso have I Bso I have Cneither have I Dneither I have 6_B_ do you like Huo Zuns Roll of Bead Curtain(卷珠帘)? Very much.You know I love songs that both have great lyrics and beautiful music.(2014,东营) AWhy BHow CWhen DWhat,7_C_ people are there in your family? Three.(2014,北京) AHow oft
23、en BHow long CHow many DHow much 8How often do you chat with your friends online? _B_Im busy with my study.(2013,菏泽) AOnly one month BAbout twice a month CAlmost every day DMaybe in two weeks 9Do you know _A_ I saw yesterday? It was my favourite star,Jackie!(2013,江西) Awhom Bwhen Cwhere Dhow,10Sam di
24、dnt go to school yesterday,did he? _C_He was ill yesterday.(2013,宜宾) AYes,he did BNo,he did CNo,he didnt DYes,he didnt 11_A_ bowl of mutton soup would you like? A big bowl,please.(2013,兰州) AWhat size BWhat big CHow much DHow size 12Theres little important news in the newspaper today,_B_?(2013,十堰) Ai
25、snt there Bis there Cis it Dare there,13Our town has changed a lot,_B_ .(2013,安顺) Aso he has Bso has his Cso is hers Dso has he 14I cant play the piano,and _A_(2012,黄石) Aneither can my sister Bmy sister cant,too Cso cant my sister Dcan my sister,either 15_A_ can I get the book if I order it today? In a week.(2012,陕西) AHow soon BHow long CHow much DHow many,