1、英 语,第34讲 非谓语动词,【真题体验】 1Simon，what do I need to take for the hiking? Youd better _B_ more water than usual.Its hot today.(2014，南京) Ato take Btake Ctaking Dtook 2The little girl was crying because her mother didnt allow her _C_ the icecream.(2014，重庆) Aeat Beats Cto eat DAte 3Many fast food restaurants
2、 paint their walls red，play loud music and have hard seats _B_ customers eat quickly and leave.(2014，杭州) Amake Bto make Cmade Dmaking,4Granny often tells us _C_ water in our daily life.(2014，泰安) Asave Bsaving Cto save Dsaves 5Can you hear someone _C_ in the classroom？It is Mary.(2014，威海) Asing Bsing
3、s Csinging Dsang 【考点梳理】 中考对非谓语动词的考查主要有： 1动名词和动词不定式作主语； 2动名词和动词不定式作表语、宾语； 3动词不定式作宾语补足语； 4动词不定式作目的状语； 5固定短语搭配。,高频考点一 不定式 1构成：to动词原形，即：to do形式。其否定形式为：not to do。如： The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.老师告诉我放学后完成我的作业。 2动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 作主语 To help the o
4、ld is our duty.帮助老人是我们的职责。 注意：动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后。,“Its adj.of sb.不定式”表示“某人(做某事)”。这一句型中常用表示性质、品格的形容词，常用的有good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。如： Its kind of you to help me.你帮了我，你真好。 “I
5、ts adj.for sb.不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说”。常用的形容词有difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有用的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)等。如： Its dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.对你来说，爬上那棵高树是危险的。,作表语 To eat is to live，but to live is not to eat.吃饭是为了活着，但活着并不是为了吃饭。 作宾语 常接不定式作宾语的动词有：decide(
6、决定)，expect(期望)，forget(忘记)，hope(希望)，pretend(假装)，try(尽力)等。如： I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行车。 作宾语补足语 常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask(要求)，tell(告诉)，want(想要)，teach(教)，wish(希望)，help(帮助)，warn(警告)，invite(邀请)，encourage(鼓励)等。如： Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告诉她的姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。,作定语 动词不定式作定语时，常置于被修饰名词之后作后置定语
7、，且被修饰的名词与不定式的动词有动宾关系或介宾关系。如： He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(动宾) He has no friends to talk with.他没朋友说话。(介宾) 注意：当不定式修饰的名词是time，place或way时，不定式后的介词习惯省去。如： He had no place to live(in)他没地方住。 有些名词常可用不定式作定语。如： a chance to go to school上学的机会 no time to think about rest没时间考虑休息 a way to learn(of learning)
8、English学习英语的一种方法,作状语 They ran over to welcome us.(表目的) 他们跑过来欢迎我们。 Paul is too excited to say anything.(表结果) 保罗激动得说不出话来。 Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因) 很抱歉打扰你。 注意：有些动词不定式在使用时，要省去to。具体有： 在动词let，feel，see，look at，watch，have，make，notice，hear等动词后，动词不定式作宾语时，要省略to。但在变被动语态时要加上。如： I heard someone knock at the
9、door.我听到有人在敲门。 We saw him enter the room.我们看到他进了房间。,在would you please，had better，why not，would rather等结构的句型后，要用不带to的不定式。如： Would you please make your bed？请整理下你的床，好吗？ Youd better go to bed early.你最好早点睡觉。 3特殊疑问词动词不定式 能接不定式的疑问词有：what，which，how，who，when，where等。它们可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语。如： I dont know what to do.
10、我不知该做什么。 I dont know how to do it.我不知道该怎么去做它。 The question is who to go.问题是谁去。,【例1】 I havent seen my grandparents for long.Im too busy _ B _ them these days. Why not call them instead？(2014，凉山) Avisit Bto visit Cvisiting Dvisit 点拨：too.to.“太而不能”，由句意可知“我太忙而没有去拜访他们”。 【例2】 When you leave，please turn off
11、 the light _ D _ energy.(2014，天津) Asave Bsaving Csaved Dto save 点拨：动词不定式在此表目的。,【例3】 How kind you are！You always do what you can _ D _ others.(2013，十堰) Ahelp Bhelping Chelps Dto help 点拨：动词不定式作状语。句意为“你总是尽你所能来帮助别人”。 【例4】 Why are you so excited today？(2013，南京) We were told_ D _a picnic this weekend. Aha
12、ve Bto have Chaving Dhad 点拨：答语是一个被动语态的句子，结合选项内容可知句意为“我们被告知这个周末要去野餐”。tell (sb.) to do sth.意为“告诉某人做某事”，其被动形式为(sb.)be told to do sth.。,高频考点二 动名词 动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如： Saying so much is useless.说那么多没用。(主语) My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的乐趣是旅游。(表语) She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜爱看电影。
13、(宾语) There is a swimming pool here.这儿有一个游泳池。(定语) 注意：(1)初中阶段常见的接动名词的动词或动词短语有：enjoy(喜欢)，finish(完成)，keep(保持)，practise(练习)，mind(介意)，suggest(建议)，be busy(忙于)；be worth(值得)，cant help(禁不住)，give up(放弃)，be used to(习惯于)，stop/prevent/keepfrom(阻止)，look forward to(盼望)；feel like(想要)；be good at(擅长)；be interested in(
14、对感兴趣)；succeed in(成功)等。,(2)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。如：,【例5】 Wow，so many coins here! Right！My father is fond of _ C _ coins. Acollect Bcollects Ccollecting Dcollected 点拨：be fond of doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”。 【例6】 Read the instructions before _ C _ the new machine.(2014，白银；平凉) Ause Bto use Cusing Dused
15、 点拨：before为介词，后跟动词ing形式。 【例7】 Wheres Tony now？(2014，黄石) I saw him _ in the garden a moment ago and I told him _ B _. Aplay；go home Bplaying；to go home Cto play；goes home Dplay；going home 点拨：see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”；tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”。,1When summer comes，a lot of people feel like _C_ t
16、o have fun.(2014，黄石) Ato swim Bswim Cswimming Dhave swum 2Li Jun always makes his little sister _C_ Acrying Bto cry Ccry Dcried 3Thanks for _C_ me with my science.(2014，泸州) Ahelp Bto help Chelping Dyour help 4Please remember _D_ your notebook here tomorrow.(2014，泸州) Abrings Bbrought Cbringing Dto br
17、ing,5Grandpa has changed a lot.(2014，黄冈) So he has.He spends more time than he used to _B_ games with the children. Aplay Bplaying Cplayed Dplays 6The students in this school are made _A_ school uniforms on Monday.(2014，内江) Ato wear Bwearing Cwear Dworn 7Many young people took part in _A_ trees on T
18、reeplanting Day.(2013，白银) Aplanting Bplants Cto plant Dplant,8Im very tired these days because of the senior high school entrance examination (中考) Why not _A_ music？It can make you _.(2013，鄂州) Alisten to；relaxed Bto listen to；relaxed Clisten to；relax Dto listen to；to relax 9I always tell my students
19、_A_on the road because its really dangerous.(2013，广州) Anot to play Bplay not Cnot playing Dnot play,10Excuse me.Could you please tell me_B_my car? Sure.Park it right here.Ill help you.(2013，青岛) Ahow to stop Bwhere to park Cwhere to stop Dwhen to park 11Seeing their teacher _D_ into the classroom，they stopped _ at once.(2013，黄石) Awalk；telling Bentering；to speak Center；to tell Dwalking；talking 12It only _A_ him 20 minutes _ to his office every day.(2013，鞍山) Atakes；to drive Btook；drive Ctakes；drive Dtook；to drive,
