1、比例线段的 两个基本图形,天津石化一中 曹诚 2003.04.,例8、平行于三角形的一边,并且和其他两边相交的直线,所截得的三角形的三边与原三角形的三边对应成比例.,例8、平行于三角形的一边,并且和其他两边相交的直线,所截得的三角形的三边与原三角形的三边对应成比例.,已知:,D,A,B,C,E,F,DEBC,分别交AB、AC于点D、E,,求证:,AD,AE,DE,分析:,只要证明,过D作AC的平行线,只需证明FC=DE.,以转移AD:AB,,已知:,D,A,B,C,E,F,DEBC,分别交AB、AC于点D、E,,求证:,证明:,作DFAC, 交BC于点F,,DEBC,DFAC,DEBC DFA
2、C,DE=FC,“A”字图形,“8”字图形,表达式: DEBC,,这是今后最常用的两个基本图形.,还成立吗?,仍成立!,例题:,如图,D是ABC的BC边上的点,BD:DC=2:1,,求:BE:EF的值.,D,A,B,C,E,F,E是AD的中点,连结BE并延长交AC于F,D,A,B,C,E,F,G,解法1:,k,?k,2k,n,n,2k,过点A作FB的平行线交CB的延长线于点G,,D,A,B,C,E,F,G,解法1:,过点A作FB的平行线交CB的延长线于点G,,n,n,10y,y,?y,5y,2k,k,2k,则,BE:EF=5:1.,?y,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法2:,过点A作BC的平行线交
3、BF的延长线于点H,,H,k,n,?k,2k,2k,n,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法2:,过点A作BC的平行线交BF的延长线于点H,,H,n,2k,n,k,2k,y,4y,5y,?y,BE:EF=5:1.,则,EH=?y,EH=5y,BH=?y,BH=10y,FH=?y,D,A,B,C,E,F,N,解法3:,过点B作DA的平行线交CA的延长线于点N,,?n,6n,n,n,2k,k,D,A,B,C,E,F,N,解法3:,过点B作DA的平行线交CA的延长线于点N,,n,2k,k,y,5y,?y,6n,n,BE:EF=5:1.,则,E是AD的中点,,BF:EF=6:1,,BN:AE=6:1,,D,A
4、,B,C,E,F,解法4:,M,过点B作AC的平行线交AD的延长线于点M,,n,n,2k,k,?n,4n,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法4:,M,过点B作AC的平行线交AD的延长线于点M,,n,n,2k,k,4n,y,5y,?y,BE:EF=5:1.,MD=2AD,,又BE:EF=ME:AE,,则,于是 ME=5AE,,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法5:,过点C作DA的平行线交BF的延长线于点I,,I,2p,?p,3p,2k,k,2p,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法5:,过点C作DA的平行线交BF的延长线于点I,,I,2k,k,2p,2x,2p,3p,?x,3x,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法5:,过
5、点C作DA的平行线交BF的延长线于点I,,I,2k,k,2p,2p,3p,?x,10x,2x,3x,则,即,又,BE:EF=5:1.,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法6:,过点C作FB的平行线交AD的延长线于点J,,J,2p,?p,p,2k,2p,k,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法6:,过点C作FB的平行线交AD的延长线于点J,,J,2p,?x,p,5x,2k,2p,k,2x,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法6:,过点C作FB的平行线交AD的延长线于点J,,J,2p,p,5x,2k,2p,k,2x,?x,10x,则,ED=2JD,BE=2JC,BE:EF=5:1.,D,A,B,C,E,F,n,2k,k,
6、解法7:,过点D作CA的平行线交BF于点P,,P,?y,y,n,y,D,A,B,C,E,F,n,解法7:,过点D作CA的平行线交BF于点P,,P,n,2k,k,y,y,4y,?y,BE:EF=5:1.,则,PE=EF=,PF,,BP=2PF,,D,A,B,C,E,F,n,n,2k,解法8:,过点D作BF的平行线交AC于点Q,,y,k,Q,?y,2y,D,A,B,C,E,F,n,n,解法8:,过点D作BF的平行线交AC于点Q,,Q,2k,k,?y,2y,5y,y,BE:EF=5:1.,D,A,B,C,E,F,2k,解法9:,过点E作BC的平行线交AC于点S,,S,n,n,k,?k,D,A,B,C
7、,E,F,解法9:,过点E作BC的平行线交AC于点S,,S,n,n,?y,5y,y,2k,k,BE:EF=5:1.,BC=3DC,,BF:EF=6:1,,D,A,B,C,E,F,n,n,2k,解法10:,过点E作AC的平行线交BC于点T,,T,D,A,B,C,E,F,n,n,2k,解法10:,过点E作AC的平行线交BC于点T,,T,y,?y,5y,BD=2DC,,BE:EF=5:1.,D,A,B,C,F,n,2k,解法11:,Z,过点F作BC的平行线交AD于点Z,,设EF=1,BE=x,,在ZEF和DEB中,有,E,n,k,D,A,B,C,F,n,2k,解法11:,Z,过点F作BC的平行线交A
8、D于点Z,,设EF=1,BE=x,,在ZEF和DEB中,有,E,n,在ADC中,有,k,D,A,B,C,F,n,2k,解法11:,Z,过点F作BC的平行线交AD于点Z,,设EF=1,BE=x,,在ZEF和DEB中,有,E,n,在ADC中,有,k,D,A,B,C,F,n,2k,解法11:,Z,过点F作BC的平行线交AD于点Z,,设EF=1,BE=x,,在ZEF和DEB中,有,E,n,在ADC中,有,k,D,A,B,C,F,n,2k,解法11:,Z,在ZEF和DEB中,有,BE:EF=5:1.,E,n,k,D,A,B,C,E,F,n,2k,解法12:,过点F作AD的平行线交BC于点Y,,Y,设EF
9、=1,BE=x,,在BFY中,有,n,D,A,B,C,E,F,2k,解法12:,Y,在ADC中,有,n,n,过点F作AD的平行线交BC于点Y,,设EF=1,BE=x,,在BFY中,有,D,A,B,C,E,F,2k,解法12:,Y,n,n,D,A,B,C,E,F,2k,解法12:,Y,n,n,在BFY中,有,BE:EF=5:1.,A,B,C,D,E,F,P,y,2k,2n,n,k,2y,6y,A,B,C,D,E,F,P,y,2k,3n,n,k,3y,8y,A,B,C,D,E,F,P,y,2k,4n,n,k,4y,10y,A,B,C,D,E,F,P,y,2k,mn,n,k,my,2my+2y,P,
10、y,y,6y,D,A,B,C,F,n,3k,E,n,k,P,y,y,8y,D,A,B,C,F,n,4k,E,n,k,P,y,y,10y,D,A,B,C,F,n,5k,E,n,k,P,y,y,2my,D,A,B,C,F,n,mk,E,n,k,A,B,C,D,E,F,P,y,hk,mn,n,k,my,hmy+hy,练习题目:,如图,D是ABC的BC边上的点,BD:DC=2:1,,求AF:CF的值.,D,A,B,C,E,F,E是AD的中点,连结BE并延长交AC于F,D,A,B,C,E,F,I,解法1:,过点A作FB的平行线交CB的延长线于点I,,2k,n,n,2k,k,2x,3x,AF:CF=2:3
11、.,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法2:,过点A作BC的平行线交BF的延长线于点J,,J,2k,n,n,2k,k,2x,3x,AF:CF=2:3.,D,A,B,C,E,F,n,n,2k,k,解法3:,M,4n,过点B作AC的平行线交AD的延长线于点M.,2x,10x,3x,AF:CF=2:3.,D,A,B,C,E,F,N,解法4:,过点B作DA的平行线交CA的延长线于点N,,2k,k,n,n,6n,2x,10x,3x,AF:CF=2:3.,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法5:,过点C作DA的平行线交BF的延长线于点G,,G,2k,k,2p,3p,2p,2x,3x,AF:CF=2:3.,D,A,B,C,
12、E,F,解法6:,过点C作FB的平行线交AD的延长线于点H,,H,2k,k,2p,p,2p,2x,3x,AF:CF=2:3.,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法7:,过点D作CA的平行线交BF于点P,,P,n,n,2x,2x,2k,k,3x,AF:CF=2:3.,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法8:,过点D作BF的平行线交AC于点Q,,Q,n,n,2x,2x,2k,k,x,AF:CF=2:3.,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法9:,过点E作BC的平行线交AC于点S,,S,n,n,h,2h,4h,y,5y,4y,AF:CF=2:3.,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法10:,过点E作AC的平行线交BC于点T,,T,
13、n,n,h,h,4h,5y,6y,4y,AF:CF=2:3.,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法11:,过点F作AD的平行线交BC于点Y,,Y,n,n,2k,1,x,设CF=1,AF=x,,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法11:,过点F作AD的平行线交BC于点Y,,Y,n,1,x,设CF=1,AF=x,,n,2k,AF:CF=2:3.,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法12:,过点F作BC的平行线交AD于点Z,,Z,n,n,2k,1,x,设CF=1,AF=x,,D,A,B,C,E,F,解法12:,过点F作BC的平行线交AD于点Z,,Z,n,1,x,设CF=1,AF=x,,n,2k,AF:CF=2:3.,本课小结:,在解这类习题时,要在熟悉基本图形的,通过两道习题的各12种解法,充分说明,作平行线转移两条线段的比的方法和两个基,做这类习题时的机会多多。,本图形在解题时的应用,解法的多样性说明,基础上,选择最简捷的方法。,用者须知:,过例题中每一个点均可作两条辅助线, 得到两种不同的解法。课件中依辅助线的作 法,按“先左后右,先上后下”的顺序排列。 如果学生提出的作法是“右”或“下”,则可使 用动作按钮到达该图,这种方法完成后再用 动作按钮回到“左”或“上”,完成后再到下一 个点的讨论。,鼠标移过彩图时可出现变色,以突出基 本图形。,