1、Unit 1,Present perfect tense& Present prefect continuous tense,Grammar,Lead-in,Look at the following sentences and try to explain why the tense is used in these sentences.,1. We have studied English for about five years. 2. They have lived there since 1990. 3. She hasnt finished her homework yet. 4.
2、 Eric has just come back. 5. How long have you been here?,1. The form of the present perfect tense:,We form the present perfect tense with have/has and the past participle of the verb. have (has) +过去分词,Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad.,We use the present perfect tense to talk about thing
3、s that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present.,Note:,2. The uses of the present perfect tense:,I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.,We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past and is still happening now.,Note:,I havent seen
4、 your for ages. He has just gone out. It has been very cold lately. She has already finished her homework. He hasnt seen her since the meeting.,Note: We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important.,We use it with time expressions such as: already ever for
5、 just lately never recently since yet,We use already for affirmative statements, yet for negative statements. We use for + a period of time,since + a point in time.,Note: We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago.,He has just gone out.(= He went
6、 out a few minutes ago.) I have just heard the news. (= Now I know the news.),Note: We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, that is, we use the present perfect tense with the time expressions once/twice/three times,They say that they have been to America many times.,Look at t
7、he sentences and find the difference:,Tom has rung up three times this morning.,Now it is still in the morning.,Tom rang up three times this morning.,Now it is not still in the morning.,Actions occurring in an incomplete period might be indicated by today or this morning/afternoon/ evening/ week/ mo
8、nth/ year/ century or all day/night/week, all the time, always etc.,Note:,Point out what tense or tenses are used in the sentences and the reasons why they are used.,1. We have studied English for aboutfive years. We began to study it five years ago. 2. They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived
9、 there since then.,3. Eric left home last year and has just come back. 4. They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then. 5. My brother went to see my grandpa last week. He has visited him three times this month.,1 _ you _ my pen? Yes, I_it on your desk just now. (see) 2
10、_ you _ dinner? Yes, I _ it with Mary. (have) 3 _the postman_ yet this morning?_ the postman_ this morning? (come),Have,Have,had,Did,Have,Complete the sentences.,seen,come,come,had,saw,The present perfect tense is normally used for an action which lasts throughout an incomplete period, but with the
11、past simple tense, we use time expressions which a fixed point in the past.,Note:,e.g.,Bill has smoked since he left school.,He still smokes.,Bill smoked for six months.,It means that he stopped smoking then.,Sometimes, however, The present perfect tense used for the action finishes at the time of s
12、peaking. e.g. It has been very cold lately but its just beginning to get warmer. On meeting someone, you may say: I havent seen you for ages. (But I see you now.),Note,Note,The present perfect tense used for a past action whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present.,e.g. Tom has
13、 had a bad car crash.,Hes probably still in hospital now.,Tom had a bad car crash.,He is probably out of hospital now.,(2) _ (3) _ (4) _ (5) _ (6) _ (7) _ (8) _ (9) _ (10) _ (11) _,Answers for the diary:,saw,has visited,loves,hasnt visited,has seen,has never met,has travelled,has found,hasnt found,H
14、as, been,Look at the sentences:,Sorry. Have you been waiting long?,I have been waiting for an hour.,Past,One hour ago,Present,waiting,arrive,1. The form of the Present perfect continuous tense：,We form the present perfect continuous tense with have/has been and the present participle of the verb. ha
15、ve (has) +been + doing,2. The uses of the present perfect continuous tense:,We sometimes use the Present perfect continuous tense to talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.,Answers of Dr Franks we
16、bsite,(2) _ (3) _ (4)_ (5) _ (6) _,have been talking,have been talking,have been studying,have seen,have been writing,Present perfect or present perfect continuous tense?,She is still reading the book.,Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge.,Li Jia has read a book about Stonehenge.,She fini
17、shed reading the book. She knows the content of the book now.,Note: We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action completed in the recent past, and the present prefect continuous tense for an action that started in the past and is still happening.,I have visited Egypt twice this month.,I
18、have been touring Egypt for two months.,Note: The present perfect continuous tense cant be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again. We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the pre
19、sent perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.,How many times have you swum in the lake?,How long have you been swimming in the lake?,Note: We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning
20、 with how long.,A state verb or an action verb?,1. I have had this camera for five years. 2. I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera. 3. I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera.,state verb,action verb,state verb,An action means something happening or changing. A state means something
21、 staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and exist.,Note: We can use either a state verb or an action with the present perfect tense, but we usually can only use an action verb with the present perfect continuous tense. A stat
22、e verb doesnt mean an action, so it cant be used in a continuous tense.,e.g. Theyve always had a big garden. How long have you known each other? Hes been in hospital since his accident.,Ive already been to Paris.,Ive never visited Paris.,Note: We use the present perfect tense, not the present perfec
23、t continuous tense, with the words like always, never, yet, already and ever.,How long have you been learning English?,How long have you learnt English?,It has been raining for a long time.,It has rained for a long time.,Note: An action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only jus
24、t finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous. Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, snow, etc.,Practice,Make up dialogues with the present perfect tense and the presen
25、t perfect continuous tense.,Answers of part A on page 11:,(1) _ (2) _ (3) _ (4) _ (5) _ (6) _ (7) _ (8) _ (9) _ (10) _ (11) _,heard,been doing,been researching,done,started,achieved,read,found,started,been drawing,been making,1. He has been waiting at a bus stop in a city. 2. They have been travelli
26、ng in a UFO. It looks like a saucer.,Sample answers on page 11 part B,3. They probably have talked to animals or plants on Earth as well as creatures on other plants. 4. They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.,高考链接, Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you want t
27、o return on September 20? Sorry, I _ myself clear. We want to return on October 20. (2010 北京)A. hadnt made B. wouldnt makeC. dont make D. havent made,2. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns.(2010 福建)A. promised B. were promi
28、sedC. have promised D. have been promised,3. Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _ since her marriage to Father.(2010 江西)A. shoulders B. shoulderedC. is shouldering D. has been shouldering,4. The book has been translated into thirty language since it _ on the market in 1973.(2010 重庆) A.
29、had come B. has comeC. came D. comes,5. Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.(2010 湖南) A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping,考点考例 1. I havent heard anything from him yet. (P8) 考点 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响，句中可以没有具体的时间状语。肯定句中用already，否定句和疑问句
30、中用yet。,考例1 -_ you _ him around the museum yet? -Yes. We had a great time there.A. Have；shown B. Do；showC. Had；shown D. Did；show 点拨 此句强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，即：是否已经带他参观了博物馆。,考例2 We _ our new neighbors yet, so we dont know their names. A. dont meet B. wont meet C. havent met D. hadnt met 点拨 此句表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的
31、影响。,2. He has sent me an e-mail, telling me about his travels around the world. (P8) 考点 V-ing 短语作后置定语，表示V-ing形式和被修饰的名词之间是主动关系。,考例1 Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. said B. saysC. saying D. to say 点拨 saying 修饰a letter，相当于which said .。,考例2 Dont respond to a
32、ny e-mails _ personal information, no matter how official they look.A. searching B. askingC. requesting D. questioning 点拨 search和ask后面应加介词for；request意为“询问”；question意为“提问，盘问，审问”。故选C。,3. Kelly: Sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long?Mavis: Yes. Ive been waiting for an hour. (P9) 考点 现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始
33、的动作到现在为止一直在进行，且可能持续下去。有时含有不耐烦、责备等感情色彩。,考例1 I have got a headache. No wonder. You _ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are workingC. have been working D. worked 点拨 由语境可以看出work动作开始于过去，持续到现在，对现在还有影响，且含有责备的口吻，所以用现在完成进行时。,考例2 Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year. A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 点拨 句意：凯茜正在阳光学校的课堂上做语法笔记，她一直在那里学英语，到现在已经一年了。,Homework,1. Finish Part C1 and C2 on page 88 in Workbook. 2. Review Task part.,Thank you for listening！,
