1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式单击此处编辑母版副标题样式* * 1疼痛基础理论及诊疗原则This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components o
2、f the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.疼痛基础理论Date2Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital tem
3、perature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.与生俱来Date3Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the funct
4、ion of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.伴随一生Date4Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the de
5、sign of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.疼痛历史
6、6000年前， 苏美尔 2600年前，希腊 1800年前，中国华陀实施腹部手术 Date5Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chi
7、p microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.1800 年前，希腊 1846年，加拿大 1950年代后期，比利时保罗杨森博士发现芬太尼 Date6Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the fu
8、nction of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.对乙酰氨基酚 扑热息痛，强生公司 美索不达米亚南部地区已经在种植罂粟。苏美尔人将鸦片称为 “快乐植物 ” 埃及所使用的鸦片传播到希腊和欧洲其它地区 西
9、奥佛雷特斯是第一个在其著作中提到鸦片的人。 “鸦片”这个词本身来源于希腊词汇“植物汁液 ”；因此是罂粟的汁液。 德国科学家Friedrich Sertumer提炼鸦片产生吗啡， “上帝自己的药物 ”。 吗啡被首次用于分娩 保泰松 Paul Janssen博士，化学家，药理学家和内科医师Paul Janssen博士在比利时合成芬太尼 吲哚美辛布洛芬双氯芬酸萘普生吡罗昔康 COX-2抑制剂 万络撤回 疼痛药物发展史Date7Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intellig
10、ent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.什 么 是 疼 痛Date8Analgesic
11、 Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are
12、 AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.疼痛定义Conception疼痛 是 组织损伤或潜在组织损伤 所引起的 不愉快感觉和情感体验 。世界卫生组织 (WHO ， 1979 年 )国际疼痛研究协会 (IASP ， 1986 年 )Date9Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the functi
13、on of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.定义更新1995 年美国疼痛学会主席 James Campbell 提出将疼痛列为 第五大生命体征2001 年亚太地区疼痛论坛提出 “ pain relief
14、 is a basic human right” 。 “ 消除疼痛是患者的 基本权利 ” 。 2002 年第 10 届 IASP 大会与会专家达成共识 慢性疼痛是一种 疾病 。Date10Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus
15、digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.原发病变原发和继发于疼痛病理改变的症状和体征继发性疼痛病变原发病变症状（包括疼痛）和体征ChangingDate11Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an int
16、elligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.疼痛的产生有害刺激压力 热 化学 电
17、组织损伤 介质释放氢和钾离子，神经递质，激肽 , 前列腺素刺激伤害感受器通过传入 通路传达到中枢神经系统 Date12Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20
18、and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.致痛物质 1、 组织损伤： 缓激肽，前列腺素， 5-羟色胺，组胺，乙酰胆碱，三磷酸腺苷，钾离子，氢离子等 2、 感觉神经末梢释放物： P物质 ,降钙素基因相关肽，兴奋性 氨基酸，一氧化氮，甘丙肽，胆囊收缩素，生长抑素 3、 交感神经释放物： 神经肽，去甲肾上腺素，花生四烯酸代谢物等 4、 神经营养因子 5、 血管因子： 一氧化氮，激肽类，胺类 6、
19、免疫细胞产物： 白介素，肿瘤坏死因子，阿片肽Date13Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.
20、The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.伤害性感受器 产生痛觉信号的外周换能装置 分布于全身各种组织 (毛发、指甲） 形态学上是游离或未分化的神经末梢，胞体位于背根神经节Date14Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes th
21、e function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痛觉的传递 传导纤维 ：神经纤维根据其直径大小和电生理特征分为 A类、 B类、 C类。其中 A纤维和 C纤维传导痛觉。A纤维兴奋阈值低，传导速
22、度快，主要传导快痛。C纤维兴奋阈值高，传导速度慢，主要传导慢痛。 Date15Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip micr
23、ocomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.传导束 脊髓丘脑束 脊髓网状束 脊髓中脑束 脊髓颈核束 脊髓突触后纤维束 脊髓旁臂杏仁束 脊髓旁臂下丘脑束 脊髓下丘脑束Date16Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which reali
24、zes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痛觉中枢 皮层下中枢：丘脑、下丘脑以及脑内部分核团和神经元。整合、调控、感知。 大脑皮质： 312感觉区和边缘系统。感觉分辨和疼痛
25、反映的最高级中枢。Date17Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core comp
26、onents of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.疼痛传导通路Date18Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus di
27、gital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.疼痛形成的神经传导基本过程可分为 4 个阶梯。伤害感受器的 痛觉传感 (transduction) ，一级传入纤维、脊髓背角、脊髓一丘脑束等上行束的 痛觉传递 (transmission) ，皮层和边缘系统的 痛觉整合 (interpretation) ，下行控制和神经介质的 痛觉调控
28、 (modulation) 。 疼痛产生过程Date19Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.
29、The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.Date20Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single
30、 bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.Date21Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which reali
31、zes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.痛觉调制Melzack和 Wall 闸门学说（脊髓水平）Date22Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of
32、SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroll
33、er and DS18B20 temperature sensor.背角神经元神经元递减谷氨酸P物质神经激肽A和 B谷氨酸C-纤维 GABA，甘氨酸强啡肽 脑啡肽 中间神经元生长抑素背角 的 神 经递质 和受体Date23Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by
34、using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.Date24Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system
35、 which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.疼痛产生的机制 周围神经机制 中枢神经机制Date25Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospita
36、l of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcon
37、troller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.疼痛的发生机制外周机制： 损伤的外周传入纤维的异位放电 神经元的交互混传即 “ Cross-Talk” 现象 交感神经对损伤神经元的兴奋作用 Date26Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and contro
38、l by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.疼痛的发生机制 (chronic pain) 中枢机制： 脊髓背角神经元的敏化 脊髓抑制性神经元的功能下降 背角神经元的 “出芽 ”现象Date27Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper
39、mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20
40、 temperature sensor.疼痛机制 感觉阈 :受试者首次报告有刺感、温热感的最小刺激量。 痛阈 :受试者首次报告引起痛觉的最小刺激量。 痛觉过敏 (hyperalgesia):对伤害性刺激产生过强的疼痛反应。 痛觉超敏， 或称痛性感觉异常 (allodynia)指在非伤害性刺激作用下产生痛觉。 自发痛 (spontaneous pain);指在没有可见的刺激条件下产生的疼痛。Date28Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temper
41、ature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.疼痛机制1. Cross-talk现象2. Sprout-out现
42、象3. Wind-up现象4. Peripheral sensitization现象5. Central sensitization现象Sprout-out现象Date29Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDUThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital
43、temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.Cross Talk 神经元的交互 混传 现象 :损伤的神经元或神经纤维因脱髓鞘而绝缘作用减弱 ,一个神经元或纤维的兴奋常可扩散混传至另一神经元或纤维 ,形成反复发放冲动的环路 ,使放电神经元的数目和放电频率被不断放大 ,从而引起痛觉超敏 Date30Analgesic Dep QiLu Hospital of SDU
