1、Unit 2 Sports events,Section Grammar & Writing,语法讲座,写作讲座,知识必备,专题练习,佳作观摩,技法指导,专题练习,一、情态动词的概述情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, need, dare, ought to等。情态动词 无人称和数的变化(have to例外，主语是第三人称单数时，要用has to)，不能单独作谓语，必须与其后面的动词原形合成谓语。,二、情态动词的基本用法 1can和could (1)表示能力。can表示现在的能力，cou
2、ld表示过去的能力。I am starving to death.I can eat two bowls of rice now.(现在的能力)我快饿死了，现在我能吃两碗米饭。At that time the little boy couldnt swim.那时候小男孩不会游泳。,(2)表示请求或许可。当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用， 但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时，要用can，而不用could。Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？Yes, you can (不用could)是的，可以。No, Im
3、 afraid not.不，恐怕不行。You can go with them if you like.如果你愿意的话，可以和他们一块去。,(3)表示推测。can表推测时只用于否定句和疑问句，could无此限制。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定，常用于 “can/couldhave过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。Tom has gone to Beijing, so you cant/ couldnt see him in our school now.汤姆去了北京，所以你肯定不能在我们学校看到他。Can/Could he have heard the news?他过去听到这个消息了吗？We co
4、uld go there this summer.今年夏天我们可能要去那儿。,(4)表示客观的可能性(并非主观推测)，意思是“有时候可能会”。Entering a sport into the Olympics can be a long process.使一个体育项目进入奥运会有时会是一个很长的过 程。Children can sometimes be very tiring.孩子有时候会非常累人。,点津 can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式。另外，当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/
5、were able to来表示，这时was/were able to相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。 The fire spread through the office building very quickly but everyone was able to get out safely. 大火很快蔓延了整个办公大楼，但大家都安全地出来了。 Can you come to the party tomorrow? 明天你能来参加聚会吗？(亦可说Will you be able to come to the party tomorrow？但较正式，并有“能否克
6、服困难而来”的含义),考题印证1 11(2012全国卷)Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.Acan BMight Cwould Dneed解析：选 。考查情态动词。句意：如果我能弄到钱，我就和John一起去欧洲度假。结合前后部分的内容可知，此处表示的是能力，故用can“能，会”。,A,12(2011湖南高考)No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.Oh, you are really his big fan.Ac
7、an Bneed Cmust Dmight解析：选 。考查情态动词。句意：“在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明媲美。”“噢，你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。”can在此表示“能力” 。,A,13(2010全国卷)Im afraid Mr. Harding _ see you now. Hes busy.Acant BmustntCshouldnt Dneednt解析：选 。考查情态动词。根据下一句中的内容可知Mr. Harding现在“不能”见你。cant“不可能”；mustnt“禁止”；shouldnt“不应该”；neednt“不必”。,A,2may和might (1)表示请求或许可。表示请求时，might比
8、may语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustnt表示“不可以；禁止，阻 止”之意。表示允许某人做某事(给予允许)，常用may而不用might。May/Might I have a word with him?我可以同他说句话吗？No, you mustnt.不行。You may keep the book for a week.这本书你可以看一周。,(2)表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于肯定句或否定句中。对过去可能性的推测，常用“may/might(might表示可能性更小)have过去分词”。Why isnt he in class?He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大)He mi
9、ght be sick.(生病的可能性较小)He may not have finished the work.他可能没完成那项工作。 (3)may可表示祝愿。May you succeed!祝你成功！,考题印证2 21(2012四川高考)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao”， just as I _ do in China.Amust BmightCcan Dshould 解析：选 。考查情态动词。句意：我尽量靠近他们以 便听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那 样说“你好”。migh
10、t表示“可能”。,B,22(2011北京高考)I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.Amust not Bneed notCwould not Dmight not解析：选 。考查情态动词。根据句意可知，James 不太确定他的计划，他可能不来。might not 表示“可能不”，符合语境。,D,23(2010陕西高考)May I take this book out of the reading r
11、oom?No，you _. You read it in here.Amightnt BwontCneednt Dmustnt解析：选 。考查情态动词。句意：“我可以把书拿出阅 览室吗？”“不，决不可以，你在这儿读。”对“May .？” 的否定回答常用mustnt或cant。,D,3must和have to (1)must表示必须，没有时态变化。强调的是一种主观 看法，也表示责任或义务。have to表示“必须、不得不”，是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须，不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。 mustnt表示禁止做某事；have to的否定形式表示“不必”。have to可
12、用于多种时态中。He said that he must work hard.他说他必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)You mustnt lend it to others.你不准把它借给别人。,My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事) 点津 回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定回答，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to。 Must we hand in our exercise
13、books today? 我们今天必须交上作业本吗？ Yes, you must. (No, you neednt./ No, you dont have to.) 是的，你们必须那样。(不，你们不必。),(2)must表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑问句中。后接完成时，用来谈论已发生的情况。He must be a worker.他一定是工人。He must have gone to Beijing, hasnt he?他一定是去北京了，对吧？ (3)表示“偏执，固执”(常用于固定句型：if you must do sth.如果你非要做某事)。If you must smok
14、e, do it outside, please.如果你一定要吸烟，请到外边去吸。,考题印证3 31(2012重庆高考)_ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir, but its urgent.ACan BShouldCMust DWould解析：选 。考查情态动词的用法。句意：“你偏要现在打扰我吗？难道你没有看到我正在打电话吗？”“对不起，先 生，但是情况太紧急了。”must表示“偏要，硬要”。,C,32(2011福建高考)Shall I inform him of the change of the schedu
15、le right now? I am afraid you _， in case he comes late for the meeting.Awill BmustCmay Dcan解析：选 。考查情态动词。依据“in case he comes late for the meeting”可知，这里用 must 表示“必须”，强调提醒时间安排的变化的“必要性”。,B,4shall (1)shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见或向对方请示。Shall we begin our lesson?我们可以上课了吗？Shall he turn on the radio?你允许他开收音机吗
16、？ (2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的 命令、警告、允诺、威胁或表示说话人的决心。,You shall come on time.你必须准时到。(命令)He shall have the book when I finish reading it.我读完这本书就给他。(允诺)Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.没有什么事情能阻止我们实施这项计划。(决心) (3)shall用于第三人称，表示按照法律、条文或规定必须做的事，意为“应，必须”。No reader shall remove a book fro
17、m the library without permission.未经许可，读者不准把书带出图书馆。,考题印证4 41(2012辽宁高考)One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school. Amight BcouldCshall Dwill解析：选 。考查情态动词。句意：我们的其中一条规定是 学生在校时都必须要穿校服。shall用于第二、三人称，表示 说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,C,42(2011陕西高考)Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. Y
18、ou _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.Amight Bmust Ccould Dshall 解析：选 。考查情态动词。句意：“妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？”“好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。”shall用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称，表示说话人 的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，意为“必须，应该”。,D,5should (1)表示义务或责任。We should learn from each other.我们应该互相学习。 (2)表示推测，意为“想必、照说应该、估计”等。They should arrive at noon.他们
19、应该在中午到达。 (3)表示意外或惊讶。Im surprised that he should eat so little every day.我很吃惊，他每天竟然吃那么少的饭。,(4)shouldhave过去分词，表示“过去本来 应该做某事而没做”；should nothave过去分词，表示“过去本来不应该做某事而做了”。You should have come earlier.你本该早点来。You shouldnt have told her about it.你本不应该告诉她这件事。,点津 should和ought to大体意思相同，但有细微差别。ought to更多地反映客观情况，表示
20、根据法律、义务“应当”，比should语气强；should表示主观看法，一种建议、劝说，即“按我的想法应该如何”的意思。 You should say sorry to him. 你应该向他道歉。 You are his mother.You ought to take care of him. 你是他的母亲，你应该照料他。,考题印证5 51(2011新课标全国卷)They _have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. Awill BcanCmust Dshould解析：选 。考查情态动词。句意：他们本应该在午饭时间到达，但是
21、他们的航班推迟了。should have done 表示“本应该做某事(实际却未做)”，符合句意。,D,52(2009全国卷)What do you mean，there are only ten tickets？There_be twelve.Ashould BwouldCwill Dshall 解析：选 。考查情态动词。句意：你说的是什么意 思？只有10张票吗？本来应该有12张票的。情态动词 should表示“应该”，符合语意。,A,6will和would (1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去，用于否 定句表示“不肯，不乐意”。I will never do that a
22、gain.我决不会再做那事了。She will give him anything he wants.她愿意给他任何他想要的东西。 (2)表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。Will/ Would you pass me the book?请你把书递给我好吗？,will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为“总是；常常”。 She will ask very strange questions. 她总是问一些稀奇古怪的问题。 He would drop in on me on Sund
23、ays. 他常常在星期天顺便过来看我。 He told me that the box wouldnt open. 他告诉我盒子打不开了。,考题印证6 (2012江苏高考)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ say where he was. Amustnt Bshouldnt Cwouldnt Dmightnt 解析：选 。考查情态动词。句意：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。mustnt表示“禁止”；shouldnt意为“不应该”；wouldnt在此意为“不愿意”；mightnt意为“
24、或许不”。,C,7need和dare (1)它们作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，常用于否定句、疑问句中。dare有过去式形式，构成疑问句时，将其移至句首，构成否定句时，直接在其后加not。Need I tell him everything?我要告诉他一切吗？Yes, you must./No, you neednt.是的。/不，没有必要。How dare she do things like that to me?她怎么敢那样对我？,(2)作实义动词时，其否定和疑问的构成需借助do/did/does, need后面接带to的不定式，而在疑问句和否定句中，dare后可省去to。有人称和数的变化。H
25、e didnt dare (to) go there.他不敢去那儿。Right now you need to stay still until help comes.现在你需要待着别动，直到有人来帮忙。What he needs now are books.他现在需要的是书籍。,考题印证7 (2012天津高考)Its quite warm here; we _ turn the heating on yet. Acouldnt Bmustnt Cneednt Dwouldnt 解析：选 。考查情态动词。句意：这里相当暖和，我们没有必要还开着暖气。neednt“不必”；couldnt“不能”；
26、mustnt“一定不要”；wouldnt“不肯，不会”。根据句意可知选C。,C,三、情态动词的习惯搭配 1cannot . too/ enough表示“无论也不过分；越越好”。You cant be too careful while driving.开车时你越小心越好。You cannot remember enough English words.你记的英语单词越多越好。,2cannot butdo sth.表示“不得不，只好”。He cannot but agree.他不得不同意。 3may/might as well动词原形，用来建议或劝说某人 采取某种行动，有时相当于had bett
27、er，常译为“还不 如，不妨”。Its very late, so you may/might as well go to bed.夜深了，还是去睡吧。,考题印证8 (2012陕西高考)I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. Awont Bcant Ccan Dwill 解析：选 。考查情态动词的用法。句意：当我们不在家时，你对我儿子的帮助，我对你怎样感谢也不过分。cant . too much 表示“无论也不过分”。,B,.用适当的情态动词填空 1Dont throw t
28、he old books away.They be very useful. 2You cant imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman be that rude to a lady. 3When we were children we go skating every winter. 4Must we hand in our plan this week?No, you . 5 you open the window for me, please?,can,should,would,neednt,Will/Would,6You will be punishe
29、d if you break the rules. 7Caroline have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind. 8 our two parties achieve even greater success in our business! 9I hear they went skiing on the mountains last week.It be true because there was little snow there. 10She have finished her work, or she wouldnt b
30、e enjoying herself by the seaside.,dare,should,May,cant,must,.单项填空 1Who _ it be that is knocking at the door?It _ be Father, but Im not sure.Acan; must Bcan; mayCmust; can Dmay; must解析：选 。can表示可能性，may表示不十分肯定的 推测；must表示十分肯定的推测。根据对话的语境可 知，B项正确。,B,2It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ b
31、e rather cold sometimes.Amust BcanCshould Dwould解析：选 。考查情态动词。根据语境，说话者家乡 三月的天气一般比较暖和，但有时候可能会很冷，应 该用can来表示客观的可能性；should表示根据实际情 况所作的推测，意思是“应该会”。,B,3Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _ just be quiet people.Amust BmayCshould Dwould解析：选 。考查情态动词表推测。句意：有些不喜欢 多说话的人并不完全是害羞的人
32、，他们可能只是喜欢安 静的人。must表推测，意为“一定”，语气最强；may表推测，意为“可能”，语气弱；should表推断时，往往含有“应该会怎么样”的意思；would常表示意愿或习惯性动作。,B,4“Attention, please.Whoever can answer one of my questions _ receive a prize，” the teacher said in class.Amight BshallCshould Dwould解析：选 。考查情态动词shall在陈述句中用于第二 和第三人称时，可以表示警告、命令、允诺、威胁等 语气。might表示可能性很小；s
33、hould表示“应该(义务性)”；would表示意志(意愿性)。这里选项B表示允 诺。,B,5You shouldnt have talked back to our teacher like that.It was awfully impolite.You are right.I _ crazy at that moment.Amust have been Bmust beCcould have been Dshould have been解析：选 。句意：“你本不应该那样顶撞老师。那是极 不礼貌的。”“你说得对。我当时一定是疯了。”must have done结构表示对过去事情的推测，mu
34、stbe表示对 现在情况的推测，故选A。,A,6At your age you _ be growing away from your parents and learning to stand on your own feet.Aneed BmayCought to Dused to解析：选 。考查情态动词ought to。句意：在你这个年龄，你应该离开父母，学会自立。从语意的连贯性判断选C项，表示“应该”。,C,7Now that you have made thorough preparations, there _ be any difficulty in passing the ro
35、ad test.Amustnt BshouldntCneednt Dshant解析：选 。考查情态动词。这里表示从情理上判 断“应该不会”有困难，故用shouldnt。,B,8May I smoke here?If you _， choose a seat in the smoking section.Ashould BcouldCmay Dmust解析：选 。if you must(do sth.)表示允许但不赞同，意为“如果你偏要/必须那么做”。,D,9(2012江苏高考)Happy birthday!Thank you! Its the best present I_ for.Ashou
36、ld have wished Bmust have wishedCmay have wished Dcould have wished解析：选 。考查情态动词。句意：“生日快乐！”“谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。”could have wished意为“可能希望”，符合句 意。,D,10(2010全国卷)Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon.Acant BneedntCmay not Dwill not解析：选 。考查情态动词辨析。句意：耐心点儿。 你不能指望世界立刻发生变化。cant表示“不能”；needn
37、t“不必”；may not表示“不可能”；will not表示“不会”。只有A项符合句意。,A,射击历来是中国在奥运会上的优势项目，也是中国奥运代表团的夺金大户，我国的第一枚奥运金牌就是由许海峰在射击项目上获得的。请根据以下中文提纲，编写射击项目的英语介绍。背景：射击最初只是生存工具，19世纪末才发展成为一项体育运动。1896年第一次成为奥运项目；1904年和1928年中断；1932年重回奥运会；1968年第一次允许妇女参加奥运射击比赛。现状：稳步发展，1896年奥运会时只有三项射击项目，如今有17项。,Shooting is an important sport in the Olympic
38、 Games.However, in ancient times, it was just a tool for making a living.It was not until the late 19th century that shooting became a kind of sport.In 1896, at the first modern Olympic Games, shooting entered the Olympics as the first sport at the games.At the Olympic Games in 1904 and,1928, shooti
39、ng was dropped out of the games, but in 1932, it returned to the family.Women were not allowed to take part in the shooting until 1968.Today, shooting is developing steadily.With the development of the sport, it is playing a more important role in the Olympic Games at the 1896 Olympics, there were o
40、nly three branches, while there are 17 at present.,第一段：介绍了射击运动的起源。 第二段：介绍了射击运动的奥运历程。 第三段：介绍了射击运动的现状。,1本文结构严密，层次分明；语言简单，叙述清楚。 2本文运用了许多高级表达形式。 如：句中使用了not. until句型的强调句式； 句中使用了短语drop out of和return to； 句使用了be allowed to do sth.结构； 句中with the development of, play a role in及while的使用，使短文增色不少。,介绍体育运动的历史属于说明文
41、。写好此类说明文应注意以下几个方面： 1要注意描述的客观性。作者要如实描述体育运动的情况，不能带有自己的主 观想象、感情色彩和个人好恶。要站在公正的立场上予以说明。 2要注意语言的通俗性。介绍体育运动的文章的阅读对象通常是大众读者，因此文章的用词不能过于专业，语言要简明、朴实、易懂。,3要注意介绍的条理性。要特别讲究文章的层次和条理，且文章要能反映客观事物本身的逻辑顺序。介绍体育运动通常按照时间顺 序进行说明。可按“定义历史现状”的思路来展开。,黄金表达,The sport is a kind of . It has a long history. . with the history of
42、. years . It was developed/ created by . It was spread to other countries . It is meant/ designed to . It is aimed at . It is practised . It is popular with .,假定你叫李平。你的美国笔友David是个中国武术迷，他给你写了一封email，要你用英语简单介绍一下中国武术。请你根据下面提供的信息，给他回封email。其中中国武术的“作用”一项需要你自己发挥。,注意：1.词数120左右；2文章的开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数。 Dear D
43、avid，Very glad to read your email.You say you are a wushu fan.Now I will tell you something about Chinese wushu.,I hope you can come to China to learn the Chinese martial art. Yours, Li Ping 参考范文 Dear David，Very glad to read your email.You say you are a wushu fan.Now I will tell you something about
44、Chinese wushu.Wushu, a traditional Chinese sport, is one of the most practised martial arts in the world.,Wushu has a long history, and has a great effect on Chinese culture.Now wushu is an important part of Chinese culture.There are a variety of wushu styles, of which Shaolin Wushu is the most famo
45、us.Wushu, which is intended to build up ones health and defend oneself, appeals to young people.Film stars like Bruce Lee, Jet Li and Jackie Chan have made great contributions to the spread of wushu around the world.It is reported that wushu is practised in over 100 countries in the world.,It is a pity that wushu is not the event of the Olympic Games.But people have been making every effort to enter wushu into the Olympics as soon as possible.I hope you can come to China to learn the Chinese martial art. Yours, Li Ping,
