1、Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Period 3 Grammar &Writing 课件(人教版选修9,课标通用),谓 语 一、定义和分类谓语是表述主语动作或状态的成分。谓语不等同于动词,却包含动词在内。谓语主要有两类:简单谓语和复合谓语。 1简单谓语(1)凡是由一个动词构成的,不管是什么时态、语态,语气都属于简单谓语。Shell be leaving for Hong Kong on April 3rd.她将于四月三日去香港。(2)动词短语包括成语动词。I wish you wouldnt look down on this kind of work.希望你别看不起这种工
2、作。,2复合谓语第一类复合谓语(1)情态动词动词原形I might have come to a wrong conclusion.我可能得出了一个错误的结论。(2)不定式动词原形We used to swim every day when young.我们小时候天天游泳。(3)复合宾语的句子被改为被动语态。She has been kept waiting for two hours.有人让她等了两个小时。,第二类复合谓语 (1)系动词表语 She is growing restless.她变得忐忑不安起来。 (2)有些动词如 wear, flush, lie 等不及物动词后跟表语。 The
3、 carpet is wearing thin.地毯磨得很薄了。 注意:不及物动词名词/形容词(相当于表语),用来说明主语的状态。(也被称为:双重谓语) The day dawned misty and overcast.这天天亮时雾气很重,乌云密布。,(3)带形容词或名词的复合宾语的被动式。 The walls were painted light green. 墙被漆成了淡绿色。,二、时态的用法用作谓语的动词用以表示动作(情况)发生时间的各种形式叫作时态。在中学英语中,我们主要学到8种时态。 1一般现在时(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。We always care for each oth
4、er and help each other.我们总是互相关心、互相帮助。(2)表示现在的特征或状态。He majors in English.他主修英语。,(3)表示普遍的真理。 Light travels faster than sound. 光的传播速度比声音快。 (4)表示按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作。 The plane takes off at 10 am飞机上午10点起飞。,2现在进行时(1)表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。My uncle is attending a conference in Beijing.我叔叔正在北京参加会议。(2)用于表示按计划或安排将要进
5、行的动作,但只局限于少量动词,如:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。My father is leaving for Kunming tomorrow.我父亲明天动身去昆明。,(3)与always,constantly,forever等频度副词连用,表示某种带有感情色彩的现阶段经常发生的动作。 You are always forgetting the important things. 你总是忘记重要的事情。,3现在完成时表示到现在为止的这一时期内发生的情况,对现在仍有影响或产生的结果。They have cleaned the classroom.他们已
6、经打扫了教室。,4一般过去时(1)表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。I wasnt in last night.昨晚我不在。(2)当主句为过去将来时态,从句往往用一般过去时态。Whenever I was in trouble,he would come and help me.无论何时我有了麻烦,他都会来帮我。,5过去进行时(1)表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。At that time she was working in an army unit.那时,她正在部队的单位工作。(2)表示过去某时要发生的事,也只限于某些动词。I asked him whether he was coming ba
7、ck for supper.我问他是否回来吃晚饭。,(3)与always等副词连用,表示感情色彩。 My brother was always losing his key. 我弟弟总是把他的钥匙弄丢。 (4)提供故事发生的时间背景。 One day Jones was walking along the street. 有一天,琼斯正沿街行走。,6过去完成时(1)主要表示过去某时间前已发生的动作或情况,表示的是“过去的过去”。The play had already started when we got to the theatre.当我们到达剧院时,演出已经开始了。(2)有些动词如:pl
8、an,intend,mean,want,think等用过去完成时表示一件本来打算做而没做的事。We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train,but found it was gone.我们本打算赶9:30那趟火车,结果发现车已经开走了。,7一般将来时(1)用助动词shall,will来表示。We shall have a sports meet next month.我们下个月要开运动会。(2)在口语中常用be going to这一结构表示即将发生的动作。Its going to rain.Lets hurry.要下雨了,快点。(3)be to动词原形,表示企图、约
9、定等,指的是按计划、安排要做的事。You are to finish the work before five this afternoon.你必须在下午五点之前完成工作。,(4)be about to动词原形,表示即将、就要发生的动作,此时不加时间状语。 The meeting is about to begin.Quiet,please. 会议马上就要开始了,请安静。 (5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。 Even if it rains tomorrow,well go to visit the Great Wall.即使明天下雨,我们也要去游长城。 (6)用go,
10、come,leave,arrive等的进行时表即将发生的动作。 My uncle is arriving in Beijing at four in the afternoon. 我叔叔下午四点到达北京。,8过去将来时表示过去某个时间开始将要发生的动作或存在的状态。The students said they would go to visit the West Lake the next day.学生们说第二天他们要去游西湖。,三、被动语态 1被动语态常用于下列几种情况(1)动作的承受者是谈话的中心。Electricity is widely used in our everyday lif
11、e.电在我们的日常生活中被广泛地使用。(2)只知道动作的承受者,不知道动作的发出者。Li Ming was elected chairman of the meeting.李明被选为大会的主席。,2主动语态变被动语态需注意的问题(1)某些短语动词的作用相当于一个及物动词,改为被动语态时不能丢掉后面的介词。The children are taken good care of.这些孩子们被照顾得很好。(2)在动词make,have,see,let,hear,watch,notice后,如有动词不定式在主动语态中作宾补时,须用不带to的不定式。但改为被动语态时,to不能省略。The boss ma
12、de the workers work long hours.The workers were made to work long hours.老板让工人们工作很长时间。,四、高考常考的动词时态 1一般现在时的常考点在时间或条件从句中表将来的动作。What would you do if it_tomorrow?We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready.Arain BrainsCwill rain Dis raining答案 B,2一般过去时的常考点(1)根据句中语境来决定。My mind wasnt on what he
13、was saying, so Im afraid I_half of it.Awas missing Bhad missedCwill miss Dmissed答案 D(2)用在表虚拟语气的句型中,表示对现在或将来的虚拟。Id rather you came tomorrow.,3现在进行时的常考点现在进行时与频度副词always,constantly,continually和forever连用时,表示称赞或不满,常带有赞赏或埋怨情绪,夸赞或指责某人一贯的行为。Do you like to have Tom sit near you?No,he is always chatting in cl
14、ass.,4过去进行时的常考点表示过去某一时刻或某段时间里正在进行的动作。Im sorry to interrupt you.Please go on.Where was I?You were saying that you didnt like your fathers job.,5过去将来时的常考点表示过去某一时间里将要发生的动作或存在的状态。We had to be patient because it_some time before we got the full result.Awould be BwasChas been Dhad been解析 句意:我们必须有耐心,要达到完美的
15、结果还需要一段时间。答案 A,6现在完成时的常考点(1)表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着眼现在。I cant see any coffee in this cupboard._?AHas it all been finished BWas it all finishedCHas it all finished DDid it all finished答案 A(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。We have learnt 3,000 words since we entered the senior high school.,7过去完成时的常考点
16、(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或已经存在的状态。When the old man_to walk back to his house,the sun_itself behind the mountain.Astarted;had already hiddenBhad started;had already hiddenChad started;was hidingDwas starting;hid解析 句意:当老人开始往家走时,太阳已经躲到山后面去了。答案 A,(2)表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某一时间或继续持续下去。 Before he started to
17、 watch TV, he had worked for 10 hours.,8将来完成时的常考点表示将来某一时刻已经完成的动作。常用的时间状语有:by the time从句,by the end of表将来时间的名词,by表将来时间的名词等。By this time of next year,all of you_college students.Ahave been becomeBhave becomeCwill have been becomeDwill have become答案 D,9现在完成进行时的常考点表示一个动作发生在过去并一直持续到现在,而且现在还正在进行。Now that
18、she is out of a job,Lucy_going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.Ahad consideredBhas been consideringCconsideredDis going to consider答案 B,10过去完成进行时的常考点表示在过去的某一动作之前一直在进行的动作或持续的状态。The crazy fans_patiently for two hours.And they would wait till the movie star arrived.Awere waiting Bhad been wait
19、ingChad waited Dwould wait答案 B,五、常考的系动词系动词的词义不完整,必须与表语一起组成谓语,构成系表结构。系动词没有被动式,其后一般接形容词、过去分词作表语。系动词可分为以下几类: 1变化类动词:become,get,grow,turn,go等 2保持类动词:keep,remain,lie,stand,stay等 3感官动词:look,smell,taste,sound,feel等 4其它:be,seem,prove等,六、主动表被动的考查关于语态的考查要特别注意主动形式表被动含义,主要有下列几种情况: 1不及物动词没有被动式,因此要用主动形式表被动含义。例如:h
20、appen,take place,break out,belong to,consist of等。 2有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词,当它们与well,badly,easily等副词连用,表示主语内在的品质或性能时,用主动形式表被动含义。这类词中常见的有:write,read,sell,wash,cook等。The cloth washes well.,3连系动词一般用主动形式表被动含义。The material feels very soft. 4当主语为物时,want,need,require,be worth后接v.ing形式表示被动含义。The classroom needs cl
21、eaning. 5句型“主语谓语宾语to do”满足下列两个条件:不定式的动作与句子的宾语构成动宾关系、句子的主语与不定式构成主谓关系,此时要用不定式的主动形式表被动含义。I have some homework to do today.,6某些不定式本身可表被动,如:to blame,to rent等。He is to blame for the mistake. 7在there be之后,可以用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。There is so much work to do.,【单项填空】 1During the period of recent terrorist activitie
22、s,people_not to touch an unattended bag.Ahad always been warnedBwere always being warnedCare always warningDalways warned解析 考查时态和语态的用法。根据时间状语可知是指过去,be always doing sth能表示一种感情色彩,并且人们与警告之间是被动的关系,所以答案为B。答案 B,2We_on our project day and night in the past two weeks.Ahad worked Bhave workedCwill be working
23、 Dare working解析 句意:在过去的两个星期里,我们夜以继日地做我们的项目。“in the past/last一段时间”意为“在过去的里”,与现在完在时连用,故选B。答案 B,3The employees_that they should renew their contracts within a week.Aadvise Bhave advisedCare advised Dhad been advised解析 句意:那些雇员被建议在一个星期内续签合同。根据句意可知,employees 与 advise 之间是被动关系,所以A、B两项不正确;此外,句中并没有“过去的过去”之意,所
24、以D项也不正确;叙述的是客观情况,所以用一般现在时,故选C。答案 C,4The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities_rising steadily since 1997.Ais BareChas been Dhave been解析 句意:在中国上大学的外国留学生的数量自1997年以来一直稳步上升。由 since 1997 可知应用现在完成时,the number of.意为“的数量”,作主语时谓语动词要用单数。答案 C,5Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair_
25、all day. Could you speak to her now?Aphones Bhas phonedChas been phoning Dphoned,解析 句意:打扰一下,Marcia,一名 Vanity Fair 的记者打了 一整天的电话(找你)。你现在可以接她的电话吗?根据句意,可 知本句说的是现在的情况,故用现在时,故排除D项;A项表示 现在的习惯,不合题意,也被排除;现在完成时表示到目前为止 动作已经结束,侧重对现在产生的影响或结果。而现在完成进行 时是现在完成时和进行时的组合,进行体表示“感情色彩”,本 句表示说话者的抱怨,故用现在完成进行时。此句中有明显的时 间状语 a
26、ll day, 说明那位记者的电话从早到晚一直打个不停。 答案 C,海 报 海报(poster)是一种具有宣传性质的广告,从文体上说属于说明文类型。海报所宣传的内容各不相同,因此写海报前首先要确定海报的内容和目的。语言要简洁明了,能够突出主要信息。一般来说海报要包括活动名称、时间、地点和费用等详细信息,语言上,要具有一定的吸引力和号召力,从而达到广而告之的目的。,【写作任务】 疯狂的石头要在你们学校大礼堂公映,为了方便来你校访问的美国中学生欣赏这部电影,请你写一个英文海报。 中文海报内容如下: 片名:疯狂的石头 导演:宁浩 类型:喜剧 小制作,新面孔,大笑料,保证你每五分钟笑一次 时间:10月
27、25日星期六晚上7点半 地点:学校大礼堂 票价:免费 请到大礼堂取票,余票不多,欲领从速!,【写作分析】 写作本文时,我们要注意两个方面: 1海报的内容要完整准确。这就需要我们根据所给信息,把时间、地点等信息如实反映。这是海报写作的基础。 2发出邀请,用语要具有号召力。就本文来说,为吸引大家的注意,我们可以使用“保证你笑个痛快”,“错过了一定会后悔”之类的语言。为增强文章的醒目性,写作时可以用 Do you like.或Do you have time. 之类的一般疑问句式发出号召,效果会更理想。,【范文欣赏】 In order to enrich students lives, weve d
28、ecided to show a new comedy, Crazy Stone, on campus. It will be presented in the Great Hall at 7:30 pm.,Saturday, October 25th. Its a dark comedy directed by Ning Hao and produced by Andy Lau. Its been very popular, despite its low budget and cast of unknowns. The film is currently a big hit in Chin
29、a, outperforming all other foreign films. If you like a good laugh, you shouldnt miss this film. Please apply at the Great Hall for free tickets. Only a few are left, so get them while they last.,【学生作品】 In order to enrich studentslives, weve decided to show the movie Crazy Stone. This movie was prod
30、uced by a young director called Ning Hao and a group of noname actors.Its cheap, but the story will keep you laughing. Dont miss it! Its showing at half past 7, Saturday, October 25th, in the Great Hall. Dont be late, and have fun!,【名师点津】 文章涵盖了题目大部分要点,但漏掉了电影类别、票价、购票地点等基本信息。同时,文章中简单句太多,导致句子关系不够紧密,建议句式上适当合并。例如对电影演员、导演的介绍,我们可以用非谓语动词作状语的句式来写:Featuring the collaboration of nonfamous actors and openminded director Ning Hao, this movie is full of black humor.,