1、Unit 2 Sailing the oceans,WHO WAS ZHENG HE? (Li HuayingLH, Celia MainCM) LH：The most famous Chinese navigator was Zheng He. He lived from 1371 to 1433 and made seven voyages around the South China Sea, across to India and even as far as the eastern coast of Africa. It was the 600th anniversary of th
2、ese voyages in 2005. CM：Are there other famous Chinese navigators or is he the only one? LH：He is the only one weve got evidence for.,CM：So there may have been others? LH：We dont know. Thats because a later Emperor may have destroyed a lot of evidence of other voyages. CM：I see. Where did Zheng He g
3、o? LH：The documents tell us that he was born in Yunnan. He built a pillar to record his achievements. It states that he made seven voyages and visited more than thirty countries. He said that the Emperor ordered him to show the strength of Chinese power and meet “foreigners from beyond the seas”. So
4、 he went to unknown places and set up trade. CM：Tell me about his voyages.,LH：Well, on his first voyage he visited Calicut in India. The people there were very impressed and a little frightened when they saw so many large ships. So the ruler wisely decided to make friends with these strangers. He ga
5、ve Zheng He many scarves made of gold and decorated with jewels. Then he entertained him and his men with music and songs.CM：Did he go to other places? LH：Yes, on other voyages he visited Champa, and Sumatra near China, Hormuz, and Aden in the Persian Gulf and Mogadishu in Africa. Zheng He opened di
6、plomatic relations with them and gave them presents.,CM：What did the Chinese offer as gifts? LH：Zheng He found that foreign kings particularly admired Chinese porcelain and silk. So thats why his ships were filled with those things. CM：I see. Is that why they say his ships were so large? LH：Yes, I s
7、uppose so. When he returned from India he brought a giraffe for the Emperor as a present. So his ships must have been large. CM：Some writers say that the ships could carry as many as 20,000 people altogether.,LH：And other writers say Zheng He was eight feet tall! We shouldnt believe everything write
8、rs tell us. Obviously they wanted to show how important Zheng He was. Undoubtedly the ships were largebut perhaps not that large! CM：I see. That makes sense. Well, thank you for telling me about Zheng He. He sounds a fascinating man.,阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F) 1He is the only 16th century Chinese navigator we
9、know. ( ) 2He came from Yunnan Province. ( ) 3The Emperor wanted to demonstrate Chinese power abroad so he sent Zheng He with a large fleet of ships to visit new places in neighbouring countries. ( ) 4Zheng He wanted people to know the important voyages he made so he put up a pillar describing all h
10、is achievements. ( ) 5Foreign kings liked Chinese porcelain and salt. ( ),答案 1.F 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F,.单词识记 1_/vIId/ n. 航海；航行 2_/msI/ n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 3_n. 探测；探究_v. 探测；探究 4_ adj. 安全；无忧虑_n. 安全；无忧虑 5_v. 使简化_adj. 简单的；简易的,6encyclopedia /InsaIklpidI/ n_ 7offshore /fr/ adj._ 8reference_v. 9tendency_n. 倾向；照料_v. 倾向；照
11、料 10reliable_adj. _v. 信赖；依赖 答案 1.voyage 2.mercy 3.exploration；explore 4.secure； security 5.simplify；simple 6.百科全书 7.离岸的；海面上的 8.查阅；refer 9.趋向；倾向；tend 10.可靠的；可依赖的； rely,.短语天地 1_计算出；制定出，解出 2_了解，知道 3_在中午时分 4_受支配 5_接近于 6close by_ 7at sea_ 8compare with_ 9in relation to_ 10rather than_,答案 1.work out 2.kno
12、w about/of 3.at midday 4.at the mercy of 5.be close to 6.附近 7.在海上；茫然，不知所措 8与相比较 9.关于，涉及；有关 10.而不是；宁愿,.句型搜索 1We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans_(还没有) latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ships position on a map. 2The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show that
13、they were not_ _ _ _(受支配) the sea _ _(即使)they did not have modern navigational aids. 3This_ _ _ _(似乎已是) the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk.,4The compass has a special magnetic pointer which always indicates the North Pole, so it_ _ _ _(用来帮助) find t
14、he direction that the ship needs to go.答案 1.before 2.at the mercy of；even though 3.seems to have been 4.is used to help,.预读理解 1What does “it” mean in the sentence “Sea birds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen”？ASea birds. BWay.CTime. DLand. 2How many methods did the
15、 seamen use before the latitude and the longitude were plotted?AFour. BFive. CEight. DTen.,3The reading passage mainly wants to tell us_.Athat keeping alongside the coastline is the first and most useful form of explorationBabout the skills and navigational aids early seamen used while sailing the o
16、ceansCthat finding longitude and latitude is a must to plot a ships position on a mapDhow the early sailors used their skills and simple instruments,4Which of the following is the working principle of a sextant?ATo compare the current height of the sun with the position of the sun at midday.BTo comp
17、are the position of the ship in relation to some stars or the sun.CTo measure the angle between two fixed points outside the ship.DTo measure how high stars are above the horizon.,5Which of the following is NOT the purpose of writing this passage?ATo introduce students to the difficulties of sea tra
18、vel without modern equipment.BTo let the students appreciate the great navigational journeys by the famous navigators and explorers.CTo encourage the students to go sailing the oceans bravely.DTo let the students get some knowledge about how seamen explored the oceans and what kind of navigational i
19、nstruments were used by sailors in the past.答案 1.D 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C,1voyage n航海；航行；乘船旅游v.航海；航行；航空Packing should be suitable for sea voyage.包装要适合于海运。The voyage from America to France used to take two months.过去从美国到法国的航行要花两个月的时间。The brave young man voyaged singlehanded in his yacht for months.这个勇敢的年轻人独自
20、乘游艇航行数月。,a long voyage长途航行 go on a voyage航海 set out on a voyage出发航行 in the course of voyage在航行中 make/take a voyage to航行到 on the voyage out (home)在出(归)航途中,【归纳拓展】,【比较网站】 voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour 这些词都可表示从一处到另一处的“旅行”。 (1)voyage “航程”。主要是在水上旅行，亦可指航天飞行。 Did you get seasick during the voyage? 你航程中晕船了
21、没有？ (2)journey 适用范围很广，侧重指时间较长，距离较远的单程陆上旅行，也指水上或空中的旅行。 It is about 2 hours journey by plane from Beijing to Nanjing.乘飞机从北京到南京大约2个小时的路程。,(3)travel作为名词，表示“旅行”这一总的概念，一般指到国外或远方的旅行，不着重强调某一个目的地，有到各地“游历”的意思。作为动词，travel可用于借喻，表示“移动；行走”。 Did you enjoy your travels in Europe? 你的欧洲之旅如何？ News travels quickly thes
22、e days. 这些日子，消息传得很快。 (4)trip依照严格用法，应该是“短距离的旅行”，但在日常用语中，也可与journey互换。 We are planning to make a trip to the Great Wall. 我们计划到长城做一次旅行。,(5)tour“周游，巡行”，有“最后回到出发点”的含义。距离可长可短。 They are going to make a roundtheworld tour when they retire.他们打算退休后作一次环球旅行。,用voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour填空 I took a_from Beij
23、ing to Shanghai last year. She usually gets seasick during the_. We made a boat_to the island last week and had a good time. My father has gone downtown on a shopping_. At present, many people are fond of_in their spare time. 答案 journey voyage trip tour travel,2nowhere(1)n. 无处，不存在的地方The poor old man
24、 has nowhere to live.这个可怜的老人无处可住。There is nowhere to sit in the crowded room.房间里人很挤，无处可坐。He is nowhere to be seen.任何地方都见不着他。,(2)adv.什么地方也没有；无处(否定副词，放在句首句子应采用倒装语序) Nowhere are his swimming trunks to be found. 哪里也找不到他的游泳裤。 Nowhere is the book to be bought. 到处都买不到这本书。 nowhere near离很远；远没有；根本不；绝没有；绝不会(口语
25、) It is nowhere near finished. 要完成它还早得很。 Its nowhere near so good. 远远没有这么好。,英语中否定意义的副词放于句首时，一般采用部分倒装形式，如：not until，not only，not，never，neither，nor，hardly，seldom，little等。 anywhere adv.在任何地方(用于否定句和疑问句) somewhere adv.在某个地方 everywhere adv.在任何地方(用于肯定句) elsewhere adv.在别处；到别处 get nowhere(使)无进展；(使)一事无成,【归纳拓展
26、】,【翻译句子】 世界上再也没有这么美丽的地方了。 _ 他在姐姐的帮助下作业才有些进步。 _ 我们喜欢的饭店已客满，所以我们只好到别处去。 _,答案 Nowhere else in the world can there be such a beautiful place. He was getting nowhere with his homework until his sister helped him. Our favourite restaurant was full，so we had to go elsewhere.,3mercy n. 怜悯；宽恕；仁慈；恩惠The prison
27、er pleaded for mercy.那个服刑犯请求宽恕。The gunman showed no mercy. He killed innocent men and women.那个持枪人没有人性，杀了无辜的男女。People used to be at the mercy of the weather.过去人们听天由命。He is at the mercy of his wife completely.他完全受他妻子支配。,at the mercy of 在支配下；任凭摆布 at the mercy of circumstances 受环境支配 have mercy on/show m
28、ercy to对表示怜悯 without mercy毫不留情地；残忍地 beg the mercy of.请求得到的宽恕 allow no mercy不能同情 Its a mercy (that)幸运的是，幸亏(用于表示更糟的情况得以避免，总算是幸运) merciful adj.仁慈的 merciless adj.残酷的,【归纳拓展】,【完成句子】 Have_ _ _(可怜可怜他吧)He is only a boy. The enemy killed the communist_ _(残忍地) 答案 mercy on him without mercy,4overhead adv.在头顶上；在
29、空中；在高处(没有最高级和比较级，和upward相同) adj.头上的；过顶的；高架的A flock of geese flew overhead.一群天鹅从上空飞过。The children are looking up at the stars overhead.孩子们正抬头看着天上的星星。The room needs overhead lighting.这个房间需要顶灯。,an overhead cableway高架索道 an overhead crane高架起重机 overhead crossing高架(立体、上跨)交叉 overhead pipe高架(架空)管道 overhead v
30、iew俯视 ahead of 在前；向前；提前,【归纳拓展】,【完成句子】 The sun is the hottest when_ _ _(在头顶上) That is an_ _(高架铁道) There were jets flying_ (在头顶上) 答案 it is overhead overhead railway overhead,5indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示I asked him where the new school was and he indicated the road ahead.我问他新校在哪里，他指给我前面那条路。The black cloud
31、s indicate that it will rain soon.乌云表明很快就要下雨了。,(1)作“指出；指示”讲时，后面经常接名词。 (2)作“表明；象征”讲时，后面可以接名词或宾语从句，即“indicaten./(that).”。 (3)indication n. 暗示；表示；预兆,【归纳拓展】,The arrow indicates the way to the park. 那个箭头指示到公园的路。 Snow indicates the coming of winter. 雪象征着冬天的到来。 There is every indication of a change in the
32、weather. 各种迹象表明天气很可能发生变化。,【单项填空】 Research_that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. Apoints Bsays Cindicates Dmeans 解析 句意：研究表明男性比女性更易戒烟。 indicate“表明”。 答案 C,6accelerate vi. & vt.加速；促进He decided to accelerate his advertising.他决定加速广告的宣传。The growth of plants accelerated.植物生长的速度加快了。The Chine
33、se government took measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth.中国政府采取措施加快经济增长速度。,accelerate a car to a speed of 100 mph 把汽车加速到每小时一百英里 accelerated aging加速老化(时效) accelerated at a growing rate(不断)加速的 accelerated cement快凝水泥 accelerating agent催化剂 accelerating relay加速(多极式)继电器 accelerating well补偿油井
34、acceleration n加速 accelerator n加速器；油门,【归纳拓展】,【比较网站】 accelerate/hurry/speed (1)accelerate 着重指频率或速率运转加快。 (2)hurry 指赶紧或匆忙地做某事或催促别人做某事，隐含草率或混乱意味。 (3)speed 侧重实际的快速行动。,【完成句子】 I_(加速) to overtake the bus. I bought a car_ _ _(加速性能良好的) Father gave me a lecture for_ (超速行驶) He_ (匆忙地) across the road in front of
35、a car. 答案 accelerated with good acceleration speeding hurried,7secure (1)adj.安全的；保险的；可靠的；确定的；无虑的Dont climb that ladderits not secure.别爬上那个梯子，它不牢靠。The children felt secure near their parents.孩子在父母身边感到安全。(2)vt.使安全；保证；防护；固定We must secure the doors and windows before we go out.我们出去之前得把门窗关好。This form of
36、investment is an excellent way of securing your childrens financial future.这样的投资形式是保证你的孩子将来金融前景的好方式。,be secure against (from)没有(遭受)的危险 be secure of相当于be sure of对有把握；确信 feel secure about (as to)对(觉得)放心(不要紧) secure A against B保护A不受(以免)B secure A from B保护A不受B，从B得到A secure A to B把A固定在B上,【归纳拓展】,【完成句子】 Th
37、ey are_(确信) of victory. The children were_ _(不致受到) harm. 答案 secure secure against,8reference n参考，查阅；证明书；介绍书；关于，有关Keep this dictionary for reference.留着这本词典以备查阅用。When I was looking for a job，I asked my headteacher to give me a reference.当我在找工作时，我向我的班主任要了一份关于我情况的证明。,(1)常用词组 have a reference to和有关 cross
38、 reference to互相参考 make/give a reference to提到 in/with reference to关于 without reference to不管，不顾,【归纳拓展】,(2)refer v提及；涉及；查阅 refer to提到；参考；指而言；转交；提交；涉及 refer to sb/sth as称某人/某物为(to为介词，不可省略) She made frequent references to her promotion. 她时常提到她的升迁。 When I said someone was stupid，I didnt refer to you. 当我说到
39、有人很傻时，我并不是说你。,【比较网站】 look up/refer to 二者都有“参考”、“查询”的意思，但搭配不同。 (1)look up 的宾语多为 word, information 等，不可以是book, dictionary, sb 等。 (2)refer to 的意思比较广泛，当“查找”讲时，其宾语多为 book, dictionary 等。,【完成句子】 What I said is_ _ _ _(仅供你参考) _ _ _ _/_(查字典) when you dont know how to pronounce a word. The student_ _ _ _ _ _(在
40、我上封信中提到的) went to university. 答案 only for your reference Refer to a dictionary/Look it up in a dictionary referred to in my last letter,1work out 解决；计算出；设计出，制订出；结果；锻炼I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice.我很想知道他们的想法在实践中取得了什么结果。Ive drawn up the main outlines, and well work out the details la
41、ter.我已经把主要提纲拟好了，稍后我们再把细节定出来。,【温馨提示】 work out 表示“结果”时，其后用副词修饰；turn out 后则接名词或形容词。,work at从事 work as以身份工作 work for为工作；受雇于 work on从事；继续 work against努力反对 at work在工作 in work在工作，有工作 out of work失业,【归纳拓展】,Sometimes the policies work against each other. 有时候，这些政策又会起互相抵消的作用。 He is working on a new novel. 他正在写一
42、部新小说。,【完成句子】 Our plan_ _(实施) very well in spite of a shaky beginning. See if you can_this puzzle_(解决) Tom_ _(作为) a manager for a design company last year. 答案 worked out work；out worked as,2close to靠近；在附近；接近He lives close to the church.他住在教堂附近。The villagers reported that the tiger was still lurking c
43、lose to.村民们报告说老虎还躲藏在附近。Close to a hundred experiments have been made.已经进行了近一百次的实验。,come/get close靠近 keep/stay close呆在一起 close at hand/close together近在咫尺/紧挨着 close by不远；接近地 close up 关闭；堵塞；靠近,【归纳拓展】,【比较网站】 close/closely (1)close作副词时， 常修饰具体形容词或动词，意为“接近，靠近地(to)”或“紧密地，紧紧地”。 They live close to the museum.
44、 他们住在靠近博物馆的地方。 Anna followed close behind.安娜紧随在后。 (2)closely 修饰抽象形容词或动词，意为“接近地；紧密地；亲密地；严密地”。 They are closely related.他们是近亲。,【完成句子】 She was_ _ _(快要掉泪了) They live_ _(很近) I hate people standing_ _ _ _(离我太近) Good teaching and good testing are_ _(密切相关) 答案 close to tears close by too close to me closely
45、related,3compare.with.把与相比I compared the original with the translation.我拿原文和译文相对照。He can not be compared with Shakespeare as a writer for tragedies.作为一个悲剧作家，他无法和莎士比亚相比。My handwriting cant be compared with my fathers.我的书法不能与我父亲的相比。,(1)compare.to.把比作 Mans life is often compared to a candle. 人生常比作蜡烛。 Young people are usually compared to the sun at 8 or 9 in the morning. 青年人往往被比作早上八、九点钟的太阳。(2)beyond/without/past compare无与伦比 compare notes对笔记；交换意见 comparison n.比较，对比 comparative adj.比较的；比较级的；相对的 comparatively adv.比较地 comparatively speaking比较来说,
