1、Unit 4 Learning efficiently Period 3 Grammar & Writing 课件（人教版选修10，课标通用）,虚拟语气 一、定义虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 二、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。,1真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中if是“如果”的意思。 2虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用,使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点： (1)错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句表示的行为和
2、主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如： If you had taken my advice，you would know what to do now. 要是那时你听我劝告的话，你现在就知道该做什么了。,(2)if的省略和倒装 在条件句中可省略 if，把were，had，should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。 If I were at school again，I would study harder. Were I at school again，I would study harder. If you had co
3、me earlier，you would catch the bus. Had you come earlier，you would catch the bus. If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go chimbing. Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go chimbing.,注意： 当省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。比如，我们可以说：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能说：Werent it for th
4、e expense，I would go abroad now.,(3)含蓄条件句 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with，without，but for。 What would you do with a million dollars？(if you had a million dollars) We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(if we hadnt got your help) Without your help，we couldnt have finished the wor
5、k ahead of time.(But for your help，.If it had not been for your help，.Had it not been for your help，.),用otherwise，however，but或分词短语等代替条件状语从句。 He would have gone to the party，but he was ill yesterday. 他昨天想去参加宴会，但是那时他病了。 The firemen arrived in time.Otherwise the house would have been burnt to the groun
6、d. 消防队员及时赶到了，不然的话，房子就烧毁了。 Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 若是多加注意，这些树就会长得更好。,三、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1用于宾语从句中(1)wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为：I wish I remembered his address.我希望我记得他的地址。,I wish I had studied hard.我多么希望我那时学习刻苦。 (2)表示建议、决定、要求、请求、命令、指导的动词(suggest/insist/decide
7、/demand/request/require/ask/beg/order/direct等)后跟宾语从句时，从句用虚拟语气(即should动词原形，should可以省略)。 The doctor suggested/insisted that she(should)stay in bed for a few days.医生建议/坚持她卧床几天。,注意： 当suggest作“暗示、表明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，即坚持事实是怎样时，that 从句中的谓语动词不用虚拟语气。例如： The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy. 他脸上的
8、表情暗示出他不高兴。 Mike insisted that he was right.迈克坚持认为自己是对的。,(3)would (had) rather，would just as soon，would sooner，would prefer从句结构，这几个句型都表示一种“婉转的责备”，谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。 I would rather you didnt go there. 我宁愿你不去那儿。 (4)If only 引导的感叹句中。 If only I were a bird! 我要是只鸟儿多好啊！,2用于主语从句中It is desired/s
9、uggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essentialthat 从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.It is strange that he(should)have acted toward his parents like that.(act 发生在主句谓语动词be之前时，要用should have过去分词),注意： 以上句式也可以用于陈
10、述语气。 Its strange that he didnt come yesterday. Its a pity that you cant dance.,3用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“should动词原形”。如：My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to
11、Dalian for sightseeing.,四、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用 1在as if/though 引导的方式状语和even if/though 引导的让步状语从句中：一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。She loves the boy as if he were her own son.她喜欢这个男孩子就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。,2在in order that，so that引导的目的状语从句中，经常用“could/might/may/can动词原形”表示虚拟语气。He got up early so that he could catch the
12、 first bus.他早起为的是能够赶上第一班公共汽车。 3在in case that，for fear that 引导的目的状语从句中，经常用“should动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should不可省略。She puts a coat over the baby for fear that he should catch a cold.她把一个大衣盖在小孩身上，以免他着凉。,4if only 后面需要用虚拟语气：一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。If only I could operate the computer.要是我会操作电脑该多好。If only h
13、e had known it.要是他知道这件事该多好。,五、虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用It is high/about time that.句型中一般用过去时或“should动词原形”(但should不可省略)表示虚拟语气，前者更为常用。Its high/about time that children went/should go to school.到了孩子们上学的时候了。,.完成句子 1My suggestion is that (我们根据天气情况来安排运动会的日期) 2 (要不是他的帮助)，I couldnt have finished the work on time. 3Witho
14、ut/But for your help， (我是不会安全到家的) 4If I were you，I (更加注意英语的习语和短语) 5 (如果他九点动身的话)，he ought to have been in London by eleven oclock.,答案 1.we (should) fix the date for the sports meeting depending on the weather 2.Had it not been for his help 3.I couldnt have returned home safely 4.would pay more attent
15、ion to English idioms and phrases 5.If he had started at 9：00,.单项填空 1What would have happened， as far as the river bank?ABob had walked fartherBif Bob should walke fartherChad Bob walked fartherDif Bob walked farther,解析 考查虚拟语气的特殊用法。在虚拟语气中，如果把条件状语从句中的if省略，可以把助动词had，were或者should提到句子的前面，形成部分倒装形式。根据前面的谓
16、语形式可知，此题表达的是与过去相反的虚拟语气，在条件句中的应用。 答案 C,2Its high time that we home and supper now. Ago；have Bwent；hadCgo；should have Dwent；to have解析 该句型中的谓语动词用“过去式”或“should动词原形”，should不能省略。答案 B,3I was really anxious about you.You home without a word.Amustnt leave Bshouldnt have leftCcouldnt have left Dneednt leave解析
17、 你不应该一句话不说就离家出走的，但是你却这样做了，用虚拟语气。答案 B,4He hesitated for a moment before he kicked the ball，otherwise he a goal.Ahad scored BscoredCwould score Dwould have scored解析 根据语境可知，他没有进球得分，所以要选的应该是虚拟语气。根据前面的动词可知，表示的是与过去相反的虚拟语气，所以主句要用情态动词have done 形式。答案 D,5I wish I the book yesterday，but I was too busy.Ahad fin
18、ished to writeBhad finished writingCcould have finished to writeDmight finish writing解析 wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，由yesterday可知是对过去的虚拟，所以用had done表示，且finish后跟v.ing形式，故选B项。答案 B,广告 广告是商品销售的宣传方式，目的是使消费者对某种商品产生兴趣，从而促进他们购买的一种手段。为了达到目的，广告必须具有吸引力，特别是要引起广大消费者的兴趣。,(一)广告的结构： 一般来说，一篇广告由标题、正文、落款三部分组成。 1标题：标题词数要少，要凸显出在广告中
19、最主要的功能，它要能引起读者的好奇心，吸引读者的注意力。 2正文：广告是一种短小的应用文，通常语言要求简洁明了，既要新颖，又要口语化，多用短句。对于主要宣传的内容，如商品名称、牌号、特点等应在标题和正文中反复强调。 3落款：一定要写清楚公司或个人的详细联系方式，如公司名称、地址、电话、网站等，以方便顾客联系及获得详尽细节。,(二)广告的语言特点： 1选用简明易懂的常用词。 2模拟新造词。 3多用较短的单词和句子。 4用词要准确，不用模棱两可的词句。 5为增强广告的吸引力，有时可用谐音词或押韵的词句，来加强宣传效果。,(三)广告的时态：多用一般现在时 【写作任务】 请用英语写一则售房广告，要点如
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