1、Unit 2,Section 2,Chapter 2,1,Letter to Fran,1. Read the Letter to Fran quickly and finish the following tasks:(1) Retell the story in your group.(2) Why do you think the professor became annoyed? Use the “possibility” words of “very likely”, “likely”, “almost certainly”, “virtually certain”, “possib
2、le” and “may” etc. in your expression.,Chapter 2,2,http:/ 2,3,2. Read Frans Response and answering the following questions.,(1) How Fran explain why the Canadian professor was annoyed with Lihua?(2) How do you think of “self-reliance”? Whats the advantages and disadvantages of “self-reliance”? (3) W
3、hat conflicts does this case show?,Chapter 2,4,Culture notes: Self-reliance,Western cultures tend to place more emphasis on self-reliance than collectivist cultures do. This is especially true of American culture, in which the value of self-reliance approaches the importance of a religion. most Amer
4、icans take considerable pride in their ability to do things for themselves rather than relying on help from others. In fact, Americans will sometimes prefer to go through considerable difficulty in order to do something for themselves (perhaps not doing it very well), rather than having others do it
5、 for them.,Chapter 2,5,Americans expect other people to also be self-reliant, and while Americans are often quite willing to help those they consider in genuine need.,Chapter 2,6,(2) How do you think of “self-reliance”?,The American Creed is something of a double-edged sword: it fosters a high sense
6、 of personal responsibility, independent initiative, and voluntarism ; it also encourages self-serving behavior, atomism, and a disregard for communal good. More specifically, its emphasis on individualism threatens traditional forms of community morality, and thus has historically promoted a partic
7、ularly virulent strain of greedy behavior”,Chapter 2,7,(3) What conflicts does this case show?,This case shows the conflicts of Host Guest Man woman Yong Old Chinese Canadian,Chapter 2,8,必须掌握的单词和词组,Irritable, grouchy, episode, refusal (n.)Self-reliance hunch, perspectivesobligationPlay a role To fee
8、l an obligation toward,2018/3/31,Chapter 2,Qualities which are considered virtues in Western culture.,self-reliance egalitarianism informality progress efficiency achievement hard workdirectness and assertivenes humanitarianism democracy freedom rationality,Chapter 2,10,Qualities which are considere
9、d virtues in Chinese culture.Confucian virtues: loyalty (zhong), filial piety (xiao), benevolence (ren), affection (ai), trustworthiness (xin), righteousness (yi), harmony (he), peace (ping), propriety (li), wisdom (zhi), integrity (lian) and shame (chi),Chapter 2,11,Individualism VS. Collectivism,1
10、. 1. what is Individualism ? what is Collectivism?2. What are some differences between an individualist culture and collectivist one?3. what are the two important things we need to note about Individualism and collectivism?,Chapter 2,12,https:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geert_Hofstede,1. who is Geert Hof
11、stede（吉尔特霍夫斯塔德）? (born 2 October 1928 in Haarlem) is a Dutch social psychologist, former IBM employee, and Professor Emeritus of Organizational Anthropology and International Management at Maastricht University in the Netherlands, well known for his pioneering research on cross-cultural groups and o
12、rganizations.His most notable work has been in developing cultural dimensions theory. Here he describes national cultures as describable along six dimensions: Power Distance, Individualism, Uncertainty avoidance, Masculinity, Long Term Orientation , and Indulgence vs. restraint. He is known for his
13、books Cultures Consequences and Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, co-authored with his son Gert Jan Hofstede.,Chapter 2,13,G霍夫斯坦德教授，是社会人文学博士，曾主管过IBM欧洲分公司的人事调查工作，荷兰马城（Maastricht）大学国际管理系名誉教授,在欧洲多所大学任教，并担任香港大学荣誉教授，从事组织机构人类学和国际管理(Organizational Anthropology and Internataional Management)
14、。随着他的学术专著Cultures Consequences(文化的重要地位)在美国发表，他成为不同文化比较研究的创始人；他的理论在世界范围内得到应用。他的一本很有名的著作文化与主题：思想的远见(1991年，2005年新版，与Gert Jan Hofstede合著)，至今为止被翻译成17种语言。自1980年起，Geert Hofstede就成为Social Science Citation Index中最常被引用的荷兰作者。,Chapter 2,14,G霍夫斯坦德教授对世界五十多个国家的文化进行过调查、分析、比较。在国际学术领域，G霍夫斯坦德教授被视为研究文化差异及文化差异如何影响管理策略的权
15、威。吉尔特霍夫斯塔德（Geert Hofstede）发现，文化差异的六个维度上：权力距离（Power distance）；个人主义（Individualism）和集体主义（Collectivism）；男性主义(Masculinity)和女性主义(Femininity)；不确定性规避（Uncertainty Avoidance）；长期取向（Long-term orientation）和短期取向（Short-term orientation）；放纵（Indulgence）和克制（Restraint）。,Chapter 2,15,Cultural Patterns,Hofstedes Value D
16、imensionsIndividualism-CollectivismIndividualism:Personal goals take priority over their allegiance(忠诚)to groups like the family or the employer.“I” consciousness: competition rather than cooperation is encouraged.Collectivism:Views, needs, and goals of the groupSocial norms and duty defined by the
17、in-group rather than oneselfBelief shared with the in-groupGreat readiness to cooperate with in-group members,Chapter 2,16,Chapter 2,17,Ranking of Individualism http:/ 2,18,Collectivism in Chinese culture,荣辱与共，休戚相关 一人得道，鸡犬升天一个篱笆三个桩，一个好汉三个帮众人拾柴火焰高独木不成林，单丝难成缕三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮人心齐，泰山移,木秀于林风必摧之出头的椽子先烂枪打出头鸟,Chap
18、ter 2,19,Chapter 2,20,individual,Chapter 2,21,无语半晌。唉。集体高于一切啊。另外，“我”是谁啊？加一句成语：人怕出名猪怕壮！记得80年代还有一首热唱的歌叫小小的我。靠。中国人的“自我”，能大吗？另外，大那老外那个地步，在中国还有生存空间吗？,lifestyle,Chapter 2,22,点评：中国人非常非常非常喜欢热闹，生活方式在老外眼中看来，就是如图所示，永远喜欢有人陪，永远不喜欢独处。而且，认为一个人总是独处，那这个人可可怜了。老外却正好相反，他们总喜欢独来独往。假如有人总是没有任何目的地，只为陪而陪地过去陪他们的话，那会让他们感到自己的个人空
19、间受到了侵害。此外关键是，他们在独来独往的过程中，得到了中国人人山人海地相处时得到的同样的快乐，甚至更多。,leaders,Chapter 2,23,这是一幅最抓住中国文化特征的图。强力推荐一下。呵呵。不是吗？老外管那白色人称作“领导”，在西方可以是“领导”，或玩个洋的，叫“leader”。在我们中国，那叫“官”，那叫“父母官”，那叫“我们的中流抵柱”。是万万马虎不得的啊。都是你爹你妈了，人家高那么多，不应该吗？,Q in line,Chapter 2,24,这是一个非常非常表面化的现象吧。其实，我们中国人就喜欢热闹啊，对不对？大家挤作一团，才对么。并且你中有我，我中有你地活在一起，不是一件乐
20、事吗？老外啊，怎么那么自私，一个一个地，都像个幽灵似的，谁都远离彼此。没劲！排队？排什么队？几千年来也没有排队习惯，用文皱皱的话说，根本就没有那基因，让我们突然之间在21世纪排队，这分明是要我们中国人的命么！另外，不排队也有好处，可以混水摸鱼地提前把想要的东西弄到手。晚了，就没有了啊。,Discussion:What virtues Chinese culture emphasize most? (group 9-11)4.Based on what you know, are there aspects of Chinese culture that seem to be more indi
21、vidualist rather than collectivist?(group 12-14),Chapter 2,25,Chapter 2,26,Home work,1.Interview , based on P24, 782. Consultation, based on P28-293.discussion: From the view of culture, talk about why Chinese students keep silent in class? 4, Debate: Nowadays China pay more attention on private interests, privacy Etc. Is this progress or reverse of society?,下节课小测试Unit 2 Quiz1.画出第二课的思维导图，课下准备好2.单词听写3.词组造句,Chapter 2,27,
