1、Book Three,Unit One,Personality,Unit One,Task 1: Describe Personality Task 2: Improve Personality Task 3: Personality and Job Task 4: Personality and Health,Questions,1. Can you describe a shy person? What kind of person can be labeled as being shy? 2. Under what circumstances is it most possible fo
2、r a person to be shy?3. In your opinion, what can be the reasons for shyness?4. How to overcome shyness?,label verb v T (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-) Definition to fasten a label to + adjective The parcel was clearly labelled Fragile. If you spend any time in prison, youre labelled as a criminal for the
3、rest of your life.,Shyness and social anxiety can affect anyone, and it can really make social occasions difficult. It can make you feel tongue-tied and awkward, lost and inadequate. You may long for the ground to swallow you. Or for a magic wand to transform your shyness into confidence and ease.,C
4、an you remember the last time you stepped into a room full of strangers and felt that self-conscious and awkward feeling rush over you? Or that heart thumping moment when you wanted to ask someone on a date, but were too shy to do so? Or wanting to approach someone for business, but was too hesitant
5、 to actually do it? That anxiety in the pit of your stomach in social situations? Does it always feel like something is holding you back?,Why Do We Experience Shyness? We all experience shyness differently and on varying degrees. However, root cause can be boiled down to one of the following reasons
6、: 1. Weak Self Image (summarize each factor) This is especially true to our experiences in high school. We would believe in the fallacy that our unique qualities were not interesting, cool or worthy of anyones admiration. We would try to fit in with everyone else, resulting in us not feeling like ou
7、rselves.,Amanda: Looking back Im not even sure I knew what my unique abilities were, I just knew that everybody else seemed to be a cooler, more interesting person than I was, so I tried to imitate thempoorly.:) Tina: I thought of myself as cool and I worked very hard at keeping that image. It was e
8、xhausting and I was exceedingly self conscious. Even though people didnt view me as shy, but I felt shy most of the time with a lot of anxiety. Turns out, the cool kids themselves have weak self images and wanted to fit in with everyone else.,boil down to sth phrasal verb phrasal verb Definition If
9、a situation or problem boils down to something, that is the main reason for it The problem boils down to one thing - lack of money.,fit in phrasal verb if someone fits in, they are accepted by the other people in a group: I never really fitted in at school. fit in with I wasnt sure if she would fit
10、in with my friends.,feel like oneself,1. Also, feel oneself. Sense oneself as being in a normal state of health or spirits. Im finally over the flu and feel like myself again. The antonym is not feel oneself, that is “feel unwell.”,Over prep.,Be/get over sth. To feel physically or mentally better af
11、ter an illness or an upsetting experience:It takes you a while to get over an illness like that.His girlfriend broke up with him last year and hes not over her yet.,Summary,1. weak self-image: Shy people have a weak self-image: they think everybody else is better than them. Therefore, they try to im
12、itate others and are eager to fit in. But as a result, they feel ill at ease when they are with others.,2. Pre-occupation with SelfWhen were around other people, we become extremely sensitive to what were doing, as if weve been put on center stage. This creates anxiety and makes us question our ever
13、y move. Our focus centers around ourselves and particularly on “what I was doing wrong”. This can cause a downward spiral.,Amanda: Coupled with a weak self image, I didnt think I was doing anything right! And this would start a cycle that I couldnt get out of. What I understand now is that is that m
14、ost people are not looking at me with the detail that I was looking at myself. Tina: I too was very sensitive to my every move around other people. My focus was on how to not screw up in front of other people, and this made me very nervous. What I understand now is that everyone is so caught up with
15、 their own insecurities that they hardly notice yours.,summary,2. pre-occupation with self They are concerned too much about every detail of themselves. They think they are the focus of the attention and people are watching and judging them. But the fact is people will not look at them the way they
16、do. Nobody will pay attention to the details and everybody has his own problems to worry about.,downward spiral: when a price, etc. is becoming lower, or when a situation is getting worse and is difficult to control because one bad event causes another This years downward spiral of house prices has
17、depressed the market. We must avoid the downward spiral in which unemployment leads to homelessness and then to crime.,screw (sth) up phrasal verb phrasal verb M informal Definition to make a mistake, or to spoil something I reckon I screwed the chemistry exam up totally.,3. Labeling When we label o
18、urselves as a shy person, we psychologically feel inclined to live up to those expectations. We may say to ourselves, “I am a shy person, then it must be true that I am shy. This is how I am, and this is the way things are.” When we label something, that thing has the perception of being fixed and t
19、herefore we must live up to the expectations of the labeling.,Amanda: I was known by others as a shy person, or a quiet person, and this perception held me captive at times. People expected me to be a certain way and so I was. And knowing that other people regarded me as shy, in addition to my not w
20、anting to be shy, resulted in great anxiety when I was with people. I really wanted to show myself to others when I was around them, but it was easy to simply go along with what others expected from me. Tina: Deep down, I felt the anxieties from shyness often, yet, when Im around people, I had to li
21、ve up to the expectations that I wasnt shy. My experiences with shyness would manifest in unusual ways, like when Im ordering food, when I call someone on the phone, or speak to strangers. I would never let that side of myself show, but I do experience it. In those moments, I can hear myself say, I
22、am shy.,summary3. Labeling Once a person is labelled as being shy (or not being shy), he (or she) tends to behave accordingly, even when he (or she) does not want to.,perception noun ( BELIEF ) Definition C a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem We have to change
23、 the publics perception that money is being wasted. These photographs will affect peoples perceptions of war.,go along with sth/sb phrasal verb Definition to support an idea, or to agree with someones opinion Kates already agreed, but its going to be harder persuading Mike to go along with it.,How t
24、o Overcome Shyness Weve both experienced different variations of shyness, and through practice and increased awareness we have both overcome this. The following are tips that have helped us overcome this uncomfortable feeling.,1. Understand Your Shyness Seek to understand your unique brand of shynes
25、s and how that manifests in your life. Understand what situation triggers this feeling? 2. Turning Self Consciousness into Self Awareness Recognize that the world is not looking at you. Besides, most people are too busy looking at themselves. Instead of watching yourself as if you are other people,
26、bring your awareness inwards. Armed with your understanding of what makes you shy, seek within yourself and become the observing presence of your thoughts. Self awareness is the first step towards any change or life improvement.,3. Find Your Strengths We all have unique qualities and different ways
27、of expressing ourselves. Its important to know and fully accept the things we do well, even if they differ from the norm. If everyone was the same, the world would be a pretty boring place. Find something you are good at and focus on doing it. An identifiable strength will boost your natural self es
28、teem and your ego, helping you better identify with yourself. It is a short term fix, but will give you the confidence you need to break your self-imposed barrier of fear.,See how your unique strength gives you an advantage. For example, Amanda is a naturally quiet person who prefers to spend time a
29、lone. She learned that she listens better than others and notices things that others miss in conversations. She also discovered that her alone time has given her a better understanding of herself.,identify with sb phrasal verb Definition to feel that you are similar to someone in some way and that y
30、ou can understand them or their situation because of this I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film. 我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。Reading this book, we can identify with the main characters struggle. 读了这本书，我们会对主人翁的斗争寄予同情。,4. Learn to Like Yourself Practice appreciating yourself and lik
31、ing the unique expression that is you. Write a love letter to yourself, do things you enjoy, give gratitude for your body and its effortless functions, spend quality time getting to know yourself, go on a self-date. 5. Not Conforming Trying to fit in like everyone else is exhausting and not very muc
32、h fun. Understand that it is okay to be different. In fact, underlying popular kids public displays of coolness, they too are experiencing insecurities, self-consciousness, and awkwardness. Accept that you may not be perceived as the most popular social butterfly, and you may not want to be either.
33、At the end of the day, being popular will not make you happy. Accepting your unique qualities can set you free.,conform verb I Definition to behave according to the usual standards of behaviour which are expected by a group or society At our school, you were required to conform, and there was no pla
34、ce for originality.,fit in phrasal verb Definition to feel that you belong to a particular group and are accepted by them Its no surprise shes leaving - she never really fitted in. If one thing fits in with another thing, they look pleasant together or are suitable for each other Its a very nice sof
35、a but it doesnt fit in with the rest of the room.,underlie verb T (underlying, underlay, underlain) Definition to be a hidden cause of or strong influence on something Psychological problems very often underlie apparently physical disorders.,Underlying: adj.,Definition of UNDERLYING a : lying beneat
36、h or below Eg. the underlying rock is shale b : basic, fundamental Eg. an investigation of the underlying issues,gelotophobia,This is the VOA Special English Health Report.Shy people often avoid situations that force close contact with other people. They worry that something they say or do will make
37、 others laugh at them. But some people worry much more than others about being the target of laughter. These people are frightened. They suffer from an emotional disorder called gelotophobia. That long name comes from the Greek language. The word Gelos means laugh, while phobos means fear.,Victor Ru
38、bio is an expert on human behavior at the Autonomous University of Madrid. He says people laugh at others for many different reasons. He says being laughed at causes a fear response in the victim. That fear leads the victim to avoid social situations. Sadly, gelotophobia limits the way they lead the
39、ir lives. Victor Rubio was among researchers in a huge international study about laughter. The researchers wanted to understand the difference between normal shyness and true gelotophobia. Another goal was to measure the fear of being laughed at within different cultures.,A team from the University
40、of Zurich led ninety-three researchers from many countries in search of answers. The researchers surveyed more than twenty-two thousand people. They used questions provided in forty-two languages. Their findings were reported in the scientific publication Humor.,Some of the people questioned said th
41、ey felt unsure of themselves in social situations. But they hid their feelings. Others said they avoided social situations where they had been laughed at before. People also admitted to differing levels of fear that they themselves were the targets of other peoples laughter. The researchers measured
42、 and compared all these reactions.,Fear of being laughed at, being made fun of, is a common emotion. But the researchers learned that these feelings differed from nation to nation. For example, the study found that people in Turkmenistan and Cambodia are likely to hide insecure feelings when they ar
43、e around others laughter. But people in Iraq, Egypt and Jordan who feel they have been victims before may avoid such situations. People in Finland were the least likely to believe that people laughing in their presence were making fun of them. Only eight and a half percent of Finns said they would -
44、 compared to eighty percent of those questioned in Thailand. What would you think? You can comment at . And thats the VOA Special English Health Report, written by Jerilyn Watson. Im Steve Ember.,Interview 1John: I really think if I can get my foot in the door at this company it will do wonders for
45、my career. Do you think you can help me polish my interview style? Mary: Sure. Doing your homework and preparing for an interview really pays off. John: Ive researched the company and think Im perfect for the job but Im not sure how to get it across to them.,Mary: Well first you have to have more co
46、nfidence. Employers look for people who are interested, enthusiastic and sure of themselves. John: I know I have what it takes but Im worried that my work experience wont be sufficient. Should I inflate my experience?Mary: No, you should always be upfront and honest about your weaknesses. However by
47、 focusing on your strong points and maintaining a positive attitude about your abilities, you can take the attention off your lack of experience. Employers are always impressed by go-getters.,do wonders创造奇迹 polish v. 润色 sufficient a. 充分的，足够的 inflate v. 夸大，夸口 upfront a. 诚实的，不隐瞒的 go-getter非常积极能干的人 pay
48、 off 值得，有回报 enthusiastic热情的,pay off phrasal verb Definition If something you have done pays off, it is successful All her hard work paid off in the end, and she finally passed the exam. pay sth off phrasal verb Definition to pay back money that you owe We should be able to pay off the debt within tw
49、o years.,do your homework to study a subject or situation carefully so that you know a lot about it and can deal with it successfully: It was obvious that she had done her homework and thoroughly prepared for her interview. get sth across phrasal verb to manage to make someone understand or believe
50、something: We tried to get our point across, but he just wouldnt listen. This is the message that we want to get across to the public.,upfront adjective adj after verb Definition speaking or behaving in a way which makes intentions and beliefs clear Shes very upfront about why she wants the job - shed earn a lot more money.,
