1、UNIT TWO,Civil-Rights Heroes,TEXT A,THE FREEDOM GIVERS,Pre-reading Tasks)Global-reading TasksWhile-reading TasksAfter-reading Tasks,Read the introductory part of the text and think about the following questions. In 2004 a center in honor of the “underground railroad” opens in Cincinnati. The railroa
2、d was unusual. It sold no tickets and had no trains. Yet it carried thousands of passengers to the destination of their dreams.,Pre-reading tasks,Questions 1. What is an underground railroad in the normal sense? 2. What is this underground railroad special for? 3. Can you imagine what this railroad
3、was built for? 4. What probably are the dreams of the passengers? 5. What is the conductor of the Underground Railroad? 6. What is the station of the Underground Railroad? 7.What are the passengers of the Underground Railroad?,Map ReadingRead the following three maps and answer the following questio
4、ns.,Map Reading,Home Page,Game Directions,Alabama,Alaska,Arizona,Arkansas,California,Colorado,Connecticut,Delaware,Florida,Hawaii,Idaho,Illinois,Indiana,Iowa,Kansas,Kentucky,Louisiana,Georgia,Maine,Maryland,Massachusetts,Michigan,Minnesota,Mississippi,Missouri,Montana,Nebraska,Nevada,New Hampshire,N
5、ew Jersey,New Mexico,New York,North Carolina,North Dakota,Ohio,Oklahoma,Oregon,Pennsylvania,Rhode Island,South Carolina,South Dakota,Tennessee,Texas,Utah,Vermont,Virginia,Washington,West Virginia,Wisconsin,Wyoming,Coming Soon !,Warm-up Timeline of Slavery,1619 - Slaves in Virginia Africans brought t
6、o Jamestown are the first slaves imported into Britains North American colonies.1705 - Slaves as Property Describing slaves as real estate, Virginia lawmakers allow owners to bequeath their slaves. The same law allowed masters to “kill and destroy” runaways. 1775 - American Revolution Begins Battles
7、 at the Massachusetts towns of Lexington and Concord on April 19 spark the war for American independence from Britain.,1776 - Declaration of Independence The Continental Congress asserts “that these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States”.1783 - American Revolution
8、 Ends Britain and the infant United States sign the Peace of Paris treaty. 1808 - United States Bans Slave Trade Importing African slaves is outlawed, but smuggling continues. 1860 - Abraham Lincoln Elected Abraham Lincoln of Illinois becomes the first Republican to win the United States Presidency.
9、,18611865 - United States Civil War Four years of brutal conflict claim 623,000 lives. 1863 - Emancipation Proclamation President Abraham Lincoln decrees that all slaves in Rebel territory are free on January 1, 1863. 1865 - Slavery Abolished The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution outl
10、aws slavery.,Cultural Notes,The Underground Railroad wasnot underground. Because escaping slaves and the people who helped them were technically breaking the law, they had to stay out of sight. They went “underground” in terms of concealing their actions. Sometimes they even hid in unusual places,Ma
11、ny clever and creative ideas helped slaves during their escape. When abolitionist (废奴主义者) John Fairfield needed to sneak (偷偷摸摸地进行) 28 slaves over the roads near Cincinnati, he hired a hearse (灵车) and disguised the group as a funeral procession. Henry “Box” Brown, a slave, had himself shipped from Ri
12、chmond to Philadelphia in a wooden box,Martin Luther King,Uncle Toms Cabin,Cultural Notes-Christian (1),Quaker(贵格会教徒/公谊会教徒): any member of the Society of Friends(公谊会), a religious group established in England in the 1650s by George fox. Quakers worship Christ without any formal ceremony or fixed bel
13、iefs, and their meeting often involve silent thought or prayer. They are strongly opposed to violence and war, and are active in education and charity work.,Christian (2),Methodist( 卫理公会派教徒,循道宗信徒): a member of the Methodist Church, the largest of the Protestant (新教徒) Free Churches in Britain and the
14、 US. It emphasized the importance of moral issues, both personal and social.,Christian (3),Moses(摩西): one of the characters in the Bible, who led the Jewish people out of the slavery in Egypt and to the Promised Land (福地,乐土). Bethlehem(柏利恒): a famous old city in Palestine (巴勒斯坦) and a holy city(圣地)
15、for Christians.,1. Part Division 2.Text Analysis 3.New words Explanation (惯用法, 扩展词汇,例句),Part one (paras 1-5),Main idea It is high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America.,Part two ( paras 6-23),Main idea B
16、y citing examples the author praises the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Underground Railroad to freedom.,Text Analysis,In this part, the author tells the stories of three civil-rights heroes. Who are they? Give the main idea of each story.,The three stories are chosen b
17、ecause they are representative of all participants in this movement. In this way the author achieve coherence of the text.,1.After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other slaves to escape north to Canada to get freedom.(lines3257) 2.Supported by a strong religious conviction,
18、the white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves to escape at huge risk.(58-86) 3. By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his destination and became free at last(87114),Direct speech is more convincing than indirect speech, especially when it comes to expressing personal beliefs.
19、On other occasion, direct speech makes a story more vivid.,Word Study,1.breeze: n. a gentle wind 凉爽清新的微风 a cool, refreshing breezeAll of the following words are related to wind. Can you match them with their definitions?,2. CF: slender, thin & slim这几个词都有细小、瘦弱之意。 slender 主要表示苗条之瘦,往往含有瘦得好看或匀称的意思。例如: F
20、ilm actress Zhang Ziyi is a slender woman. 电影演员章子怡身材苗条。 thin 表示人或物的直径与长度的比例较小。例如: People usually get thinner after an illness. 生病后,人们通常变得瘦一些。,slim 用于指人与动物时,其含义与slender相同,但在引申意义上却侧重于贫乏和不足状态。例如: As a slim boy, he has now filled out. 他原是一个清瘦的男孩,现在胖多了。 To tell you the truth, your chances to pass the exa
21、m are too slim. 实话告诉你,你考试过关的希望实在是太小了。,3. be confident that,麦克儿相信他能被哈佛大学录取. Michael was confident that he would be enrolled by Harvard University.,be confident of,足球队非常有信心能赢得这场重要的比赛. The soccer team is quite confident of being able to win this important game.,be confident about,对机器越熟悉,对使用它就越有信心. The
22、more familiar you are with this machine, the more confident you will be about using it.,4. racial: adj. relating to a persons race, or to different races of people 种族的 There is a serious racial conflict in that African country. 他是种族歧视的牺牲者。 He was a victim of racial discrimination. racialist 种族主义者,5.
23、 principle: a rule or standard, especially of good behavior 原则 违反原则 against ones principle 作为原则性问题 as a matter of principle 按照原则,根据原则by principle 有原则的 of principle,坚持原则 adhere to ones principles 抛弃原则 abandon ones principles,6.forge: v. 1 ) create by means of much hard work (靠艰苦工作)建立 他们和法国共产党建立了联系。 T
24、hey forged links with the French Communist Party. 2) make a forgery or counterfeit 伪造,假冒 He got the money dishonestly, by forging his brothers signature on a check. 伪造签名 forge a signature,7. liberate: vt. set free 解放 Pattern: liberate sb./sth. from sth. liberate people from poverty 解除心中偏见 liberate t
25、he mind from prejudice n. Liberation n. Liberty The Statue of Liberty,8. authorize: vt. give approval or permission for (sth.); give authority to 批准,委托 主任允许我们在实验室工作。 The director authorized us to work in the laboratory.,Authorize Money to do sth,中央政府批准拨款200亿美元建造新的大坝用来水力发电. The central government aut
26、horized $200 billion to construct new dams to generate hydro-electric power.,Be Authorized to do sth,他被授权发表下列声明 He was authorized to issue the following statement. an authorized agent 指定的代理人.,authority,have authority over 对有权利 supreme in authority 权利无上的 by the authority of 蒙的许可 an academic authority
27、 学术权威,authorities 当局,官方,authorities concerned 有关当局 the military authorities 军事当局,9. exploit: 1. n. brave or adventurous deed or action (usu. pl) 功绩,业绩 歌颂某人的功绩 sing sb.s exploits 他的战功使我感到惊异。 His military exploits amazed me.,2. vt. (读音发生变化) 1) employ to the greatest possible advantage 开发,利用,开采 充分发挥某人的
28、才能 exploit ones talentsto exploit the oil under the sea 2) 剥削 这家公司用工时长、工资低的方法来剥削工人。 The company exploited its workers with long hours and low pay. n. exploitation,10. Be intent on sth/ doing sth: be eager and determined to ( do sth.),他在学业上很专心 Hes intent on his studies. 他一心一意要去法国. He is intent on goi
29、ng to France.,11. peer: look closely or carefully , esp. as if unable to see well ( followed by at/ through/ into, etc.) 凝视,盯着看e.g. She peered through the mist, trying to find the right path.He peered at me over the top of his glasses.He peered into his parents room and found they were quarrelling.
30、Short-sighted people often peer at others when they are wearing no glasses. 近视眼的人不戴眼镜时常常眯着眼看人。,peer, gaze & stare 这三个词都是动词,都有注视、凝视之意。 peer 通常指半闭着眼睛看,并伴随着向前移动,含有好奇地看或难以看清的意味。 The sleepy father got up and peered through a crack in the door to see who knocked at the door. 还未睡醒的父亲起了床,透过门缝眯着眼看是谁在敲门。 gaze
31、 指持久不停地看,通常有惊奇、羡慕、感叹等含义。例如: All of us gazed at the beautiful view in the distance,stare指出于好奇、惊讶、茫然或赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间、直接地注视。例如 The woman stared at the stranger in astonishment. 那个女人吃惊地盯着陌生人。 It is very impolite to stare at other people. 死死盯着他人是极不礼貌的。,12. On the side,一些老师不得不找做兼职挣钱的途径. Some teachers have t
32、o find ways of making some money on the side.,他虽有妻室,但暗地里还有一个女朋友。 Hes married but he has a girlfriend on the side.,13. conviction: n. firm opinion or belief 坚定的看法或信仰 她坚信她是对的。 She had a firm conviction that she was right.Collocation: a lifelong conviction 终身的信仰 political conviction 政治信念 strengthen/dee
33、pen ones conviction that 增强/加深某人的信念,14. Close in on/around,当苏联军队包围柏林时,希特勒自杀了. Hitler committed suicide as Soviet forces were closing in on Berlin.,15. Impose fines on ,当地政府对于那些将未处理的污水倒入河里的工厂要克以罚金. The local government tried to impose fines on the factories which poured untreated waste into the river
34、. impose duties/taxes on sth. 对强加征税,Impose sth. on sb.,我不想把我的宗教信仰强加于任何人. I wouldnt want to impose my religious conviction on anyone. 对于父母而言将自己的兴趣强加于孩子是不明智的. It may not be wise for parents to impose their own interests on their children.,16. make the best of: accept an unsatisfactory situation cheerf
35、ul and try to manage as well as you can (对不满意的条件)欣然接受; 充分利用,尽量利用,善用,Make the best of,我知道天气又冷又下雨,但我们现在到这儿了,就认命吧! I know its cold and raining but were here now, so lets just make the best of it.,Make the best of,村子里的生活条件很差,但我们只能认命了. The living conditions in the village were very poor, but we had to ma
36、ke the best of it.,17 .disguise: 1) give sb./ sth. a false appearance假扮,伪装 pattern: disguise sb./ sth. as e.g. 木兰女扮男装,所以她可以在战场上战斗。 Mulan disguised herself as a man so she could fight on the battlefield.He disguised himself as a woman.,18. Be at risk of,据报道西部的一些地区正面临着沙漠化的极大危险. It is reported that som
37、e areas in the west are at high risk of desertification.,take a risk /take risks at all risks / at any risk 无论冒什么危险;无论如何,19 starve: vt. cause to suffer or die from great hunger ( 使)挨饿,(使)饿死 They tried to starve the army into surrender. starvation n. pattern: starve for=be starved of 渴望,急需 偏远地区辍学的儿童渴
38、望上学。 The drop-out children in the remote area starve for schooling.,20. in the eyes of: in the opinion of , in ones opinion e.g. In the eyes of students, Richard is a sensible and reliable teacher.In the eye of my parents, Im still a young person although I am already in my thirties.In her fathers e
39、ye, she could do no wrong.,21. pass for:appear like; be accepted or look upon as ( same as pass as) 看上去像;被看作,被当作 他英语讲的如此好以至于被当作是美国人. He speaks American English well enough to pass for an American. 他被认为是个医生。 He passes for a doctor. 他被误认为是个有学问的人。 He passes for a learned man.,While-reading- Language po
40、ints,I had traveled here to Hensons last home - now alines15 . Why was Henson called an African-American Moses? Henson, a black who lived in America, helped other blacks escape from the US.,Josiah Henson is but one name on a long(lines21-23)What is the part of speech of but in this sentence? And wha
41、t does but mean? Here but is an adverb, which means “only”.,Eventually he saved enough money working at this trade on the side to buy his freedom(lines40) Translate the sentence into Chinese. 后来他终于靠这门手艺攒够钱赎回了自由。,In Kentucky, where he was now headed, there was a $1000 reward for his capture, dead or
42、alive. (lines44) Paraphrase the sentence. In Kentucky, anyone who captured him, no matter he was dead or alive, would be rewarded $1000 and now he was going to Kentucky.,There was room for all but two (lines50) What does but mean? What is the part of speech of but in this sentence? Here but is an pr
43、eposition, which means “except”.,The others made it to the Ohio shore, where Parker hurriedly arranged for a wagon to take them(lines54) 1. What does made it mean? Make it means “succeed in doing something”. Here made it means “arrived (at the Ohio shore)”. 2. What does leg mean? Leg means “a stage
44、of a journey or course”. For example, the last leg of the flight (飞行中的最后一段路程).,Henson worked diligently and rose far in his owners regard(line 92)Paraphrase “rose far in his owners regard”. He was regarded highly by his owner.,After-reading- Useful expressions,1.微风轻拂 A gentle breeze sweeps 2.前往 Walk
45、 toward 3.打算让某人做某事 Intend sb to do sth 4. 不仅仅 Be more than,5.对某人的挚爱 Devotion to sb 6.家庭荣誉 Family honor 7.具有讽刺意义的是 ironically 8.支持 Stand up for 9.奋起力争 Stand up for oneself,10.有原则的人 A man of principle 11.历史遗迹 Historic site 12.在许多方面 In many ways 13.一个更繁重的使命 A larger mission 14.勇敢的男女们 Courageous men and
46、 women,15.建立地下铁路 Forge the Underground Railroad 16.秘密网络 A secret web 17.解放奴隶 Liberate slaves 18.批准/委托 authorize,19.民权斗争 Civil-rights struggle 20.定与/被安排(在某时) Be scheduled to 21.坚决做某事 Be intent on doing sth,Useful expressions,1.铸铁 Iron molding 2.做兼职 On the side 3.阴冷的夜晚 Chilly night 4.丧魂落魄 Be frozen wi
47、th fear,5.团团围住 Close in around 6.在某人有生之年 Over the course of ones life 7.被激发 Be motivated by 8.被感召 Be driven by 9.宗教信仰 Religious convictions,10.给饥者以食物,给无衣者以衣衫 Fee the hungry and clothe the naked 11.得到庇护 Find refuge 12.课以罚金 Impose a fine 13.短期监禁 A brief jail sentence 14.至于 As for,15.在夜色掩护下 Under the c
48、over of night 16.把某人装扮成 Disguiseas 17.出殡队伍 Funeral procession 18.首选终点站 Primary destination,19.广阔的未开发的土地 Vast virgin land 20.遭毒打 Be beaten harshly 21.非常认命 Make the best of ones lot 22.深受某人器重 Rise far in ones regard/opinion,23.强迫某人做某事 Compel sb to do sth 24.冒极大的危险 At huge risk 25.和取得联系 Make contact wi
49、th 26.扑倒在地 Throw oneself on the ground,27.在看来 In the eyes of 28.被看做 Pass for,Additional phrases,1.slender woman/figure/book/chance/hands 苗条的女人/身材/薄书/微小的机会/纤细的手 2.racial pride/customs/origin/type/prejudice/discrimination 种族优越感/种族起源/种族类型/种族偏见/种族歧视,3.historic meeting with/historic buildings 历史上与重要的会见/有历史性的建筑 Historical people 历史人物 Historical documents 历史文献 4.the site of the new skyscraper 新大楼的位置,Archaeological sites 考古现场 Site of the battle 战场 5.underground passage/movement/organization 地下人行道/地下活动/组织 6.daring/wartime exploits 英勇事迹/战时功绩,