1、Learning about Language,The Present PerfectPassive Voice,现在完成时的被动语态,1构成：主动语态 被动语态 现在完成时 have/has doneHe has been sent to study the new technology in the company. The dirty clothes have not been washed. Have the windows been cleaned? How many shopping centers have been built in this city?,The Present
2、 Perfect Passive Voice （现在完成时的被动语态）,have/has been done,2. 只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（词组）没有被动语态, 如:happen, take place, die, appear, disappear, fail, remain, lie, last, sit , stand, break out, come true, belong to等如： What has happened to your brother?,3但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语 动词，相当于及物 动词，也可以有被动语态。 但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体
3、，变为被动 语态时，不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。如： eg 1) The child has been taken good care of by Grandma Wang all these years.A notice has been put up on the wall.,1) 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词) 现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用, 如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等, 现在完成时常与
4、already, ever, never, yet, not.yet，recently, lately等不表示明确的时间副词连用,还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用, 如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days, in the past years 等。,一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作 或情况, 与现在毫无关系。,现在完成进行时 (have/has + been + doing）,表示在过去某一时刻开始一直持续到 现在的动作，这一动作可能刚完成， 也可能仍在
5、进行,注意:,副词的位置often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:误 Such a man has been hardly believed.正 Such a man has hardly been believed.,(1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如: Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。,被动语态的用
6、法:,(2) 强调动作的承受者, 而不强调动作的执行者。如: The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。,(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2) 把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。,主动语态变被动语态的方法,(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语, 将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by a
7、ll people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.歌诀是:宾变主, 主变宾, by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动, be后“过分”来使用。,4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一个保留不动。 主动：I have given him the key. 被动：He has been given the key. 被动：The key has been given (to) him.,5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不
8、动， 改称主语补足语。 主动：I have asked her to help you. 被动：She has been asked to help you.,Exercises,1. Both my brother work at the power station that _ in my hometown.A. has set up B. has been set upC. was set up D. is set up,2. -_ the sports meet will be put off.A. Ive been told B. Ive toldC. Im told D. I to
9、ld,3. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.A. completed B. completeC. had been completed D. have been done,4. - How long _ at this job?- Since 1990.A. were you employed B. have you been employedC. had you been employed D. will you be employed,5. When and where to go for the o
10、n-salary holiday _ yet.A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided,6. Betty_ injured since last Saturday. A. has been B. was C. is D. has,7. That book _into at least 20 foreign languages. A. has said to be translated B. has been said to have translated
11、C. is said that it had been translated D. is said to have been translated,注:该句的句型是:It is said that/people (they) said that/that book is said to 根据句意是已经被译成了20 多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。,8. Hi, Tom, you look tired. - Of course. I _ the living room all day.A. had painted B. painted C. have been painted D. hav
12、e been painting,9. -Did you move into the new house?- No. The rooms _ yet.A. were being painted B. are paintingC. have not painted D. have not been painted,10. Great changes_ in my hometown and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; are being set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. ar
13、e taken place; had been set upD. took place; will set up,11. Its said that this book_ into Chinese.A. had translated B. has translated C. was translated D. has been translated,12. You cant move in .The house _. A. is painting B. is being paintedC. has painted D. has been painted,13. Millions of poun
14、ds worth of damage_ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005重庆)A. has been caused B. had been causedC. will be caused D. will have been cause,14. Have you ever_ to the exhibition which _for three weeks? A. gone; has been shown B. visited; shown C. been; has been on show D
15、. went; lasted,15. -How long ago _ these eggs_?- Perhaps 15 days.A. will; hatchB. did; hatchC. were; hatchedD. have; been hatched,改错,1. A personal computer has bought by us.2. Many problems has been found with our new computer.,A personal computer has been bought by us.,Many problems have been found
16、 with our new computer.,3. A PC has been builded the way we wanted.4. Our computer just has been joined to the internet.,A PC has been built the way we wanted.,Our computer has just been joined tothe internet.,5. The computer was used every day since we bought it.6. A lot of e-mails had written on the computer in the past 5 years.,The computer has been used every daysince we bought it.,A lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past 5 years.,
