1、大学英语四级阅读理解部分,试卷构成和成绩报道,四级考试由以下四个部分构成 1）听力理解听力理解部分分值比例为35%；其中听力对话15%，听力短文20%。听力对话部分包括短对话和长对话的听力理解；听力短文部分包括选择题型的短文理解和复合式听写。成绩报道满分为249 2）阅读理解阅读理解部分分值比例为35%；其中仔细阅读部分（Reading in Depth）25%，快速阅读部分（Skimming and Scanning）10%。仔细阅读部分分为：a）选择题型的篇章阅读理解；b）篇章层次的词汇理解（Banked Cloze）或短句问答（Short Answer Questions）成绩报道满分为
2、249 3）完型填空或改错完型填空或改错部分分值比例为10%。完型填空部分采用多项选择题型，改错部分的要求是辨认错误并改正。成绩报道满分为70 4）写作和翻译写作和翻译部分分值比例为20%；其中写作部分（Writing）15%，翻译部分（Translation）5%。写作的体裁包括议论文、说明文、应用文等；翻译部分测试的是句子、短语或常用表达层次上的中译英能力。成绩报道满分为142,试卷构成和成绩报道,成绩报道 一 听力理解 249分 1.听力对话 107分 2.听力短文 142分 二 阅读理解 249分 仔细阅读 178分 快速阅读 71分 三，完形填空或是改错 70分 四，写作和翻译 14
3、2分;写作 106分; 中译英 36分 成绩单上是分为四部分 听力249 阅读249 综合（完形/改错翻译）106 作文106,试卷构成和成绩报道,英文提示Part I Writing 30 minutes Answer Sheet 1 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)15 mins Part III Listening Comprehension 35 minutes Answer Sheet 2 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) 25 minutes P
4、art V Cloze 15 minutes Part VI Translation 5 minutes,大学英语四级题型与时间分数分布,时间分配(分钟) 写作（30） 快速阅读（15） 听力（35分钟） 篇章词汇和阅读理解（25） 完形填空（15） 翻译（5）,大学英语四级阅读理解,阅读的广泛理解知识的源泉，能力的根本利用阅读打天下，无往不胜,篇章阅读-寻找可能的技巧,阅读理解,新四级考试的阅读部分主要分为快速阅读和深度（仔细）阅读两个部分。深度阅读包括选词填空与题意选择两种题型, 阅读分数占全卷的35%.,阅读理解(40mins),35%,快速阅读15,深度阅读25,25%,篇章词汇10%
5、,篇章阅读15%,10%,篇章阅读要求,选材来源 命题来源NewScientist Newsweek The New York Times Time The Washington Post 大学英语四六级考试命题委员会,篇章阅读要求,体裁方面 议论文 说明文 新闻评述 记叙文,题材方面 人文科学 自然科学,题材评述,梳理把握广泛多样的题材，是“知己知彼”的第一步。以下是近五年阅读命题题材分布情况。 文化教育 2007.6 学习写作2007.12 远程教育2009.12 大学招聘美国高层管理人才原因 科技环保 2008.6 全球变暖2009.6 环保时装， 一滴水一个世界2010.6 黑匣子的功
6、能 热点新闻 2007.6 性别歧视,题材评述,经济商贸 2006.12 瓶装水的成功推广2008.12 商店如何应对顾客投诉 生命健康 2006.12 健康新解2008.12 男性比女性更易得病 社会生活 2008.6 保护隐私2007.12 子女教育2009.12 美国黑人女性形象2010.6 正面思维与负面思维2010.12 人们工作角色转变的原因婚姻与长寿,篇章阅读要求,题型介绍 事实细节题 推理判断题 语义理解题 主旨大意题 观点态度题,事实细节题通常从一个句子中找到答案,提问方式：灵活多样，涉及短文的各种细节，如时间 地点原因结果方式等 理解要点：具体信息和概念性含义 解题步骤：定
7、位分析和选项分析,事实细节题,步骤： 1.准确定位 1）关键词-A。 专有名词 （人名，地名）B。比较明显的描述性词汇C。副词、形容词，尤其一些程度词，比较词。D.特殊印刷字体 及其同义替换 Eg.1According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager _. 原文： A few Line 4, Para 2),事实细节题,2.选项分析 同义替换 （很少原文照搬） B. a persons outward appearance is not a critical
8、qualification.排除干扰项 - 联系主题,事实细节题通常从一个句子中找到答案,提问方式：灵活多样，涉及短文的各种细节，如时间 地点原因结果方式等 理解要点：具体信息和概念性含义 解题步骤：定位分析和选项分析,事实细节题,干扰项特征： 1） 偷梁换柱 越像的越不对 十个单词有九个与原文一致，只有一个不一样。2）他处细节 The idea of “improvement factor”(para.3 line 8) implies roughly: A. wages should be paid on the basis of length of service (P. 3, L.7)
9、 B. (P.3, L.8) C.(P.3, L2) D. (P.2, L6) 距离远的免谈。 A, C.D,细节题的常考点,举例、列举处。关键词：for example, such as, firstly, on the other hand, in addition not onlybut also例证题 example 看不懂没关系，收索例证周围区域，10%向下，90%向上 Eg. It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because onceOne thing, however, is certain: your ch
10、ances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you dont at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increase. Consider Beths story:I did not get what I wanted when I didnt ask for it. 58.What can be inferred fr
11、om Beths story?A. If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for itl,细节题的常考点,特殊标点处 如引号、冒号、破折号08.1 64 2007.1 62 2006.6 65 2006.1 62 07.1 原文As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease- especially in terms of changing our
12、 many unhealthy behavior, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.62. Today medical care is placing more stress on _.A. keeping people in a healthy physical condition B. Monitoring patients body functions C. Removing peoples bad living habits. D. Ensuring peoples psychological w
13、ell-being.,细节题的常考点,指代关系 关键词如：it, that these those they 08.1 57 例：08.1 原文 By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning. And among the larger schools ,its closer to 90 p
14、ercent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably havent heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000students, statistic used to support its claim to be the largest university in the country. 57. What is the most st
15、riking feature of the University of Phoenix? A.All its courses are offered online. B. Its online courses are of the best quality. C.It boasts the largest number of students on campus. D. Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.,事实细节题,转折、对比之后的观点。关键词：but, however, rather, yet, instead
16、 09.1 58,61 62 63.2010.60，62。 08.6 原文 when opinion polls ask Americans about privacy most say they are concerned about losing it But people say one thing and do another, Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. 65. What do most Americans do with
17、regard to privacy protection? They change behaviors that might disclose their identity. They use various loyalty cards for business transactions. They rely more and more on electronic devices. They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.强调处 only 08.6 66 08.1 59 比较处 morethan less.than most 07.6 6
18、0,事实细节题,强调处 only 08.6 66 08.1 59 (primarily) 例 08.6 原文 But privacy does matterat least sometimes. Its like health; when you have it, you dont notice it. Only when its gone do you wish youd done more to protect it. 66. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that _. People will make every
19、 effort to keep it. Its importance is rarely understood. Its something that can easily be lost. People dont cherish it until they lose it.,事实细节题,比较处 morethan less.than most 07.6 60 09.1 61 原文：(10.12 )Even if the odds are stacked against you(一切对你不利), marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite has
20、 found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Q. Linda Waites studies support the idea that_.C. marriage can help make up for ill health.,事实细节题,事实细节题关键词： 同义替换 对四级细节题的总结： 1、答案不跨段。 2、90%根据关键词定位。10%利用题目的顺序。 3、考
21、点不重复。,推理判断题,这类题不会直接出现在文中，需根据字里行间的含义通过逻辑推理来判断判断方式 判断内容1 上下文的连贯 1 原因结果观点立场2 有关部分暗示 2 数字知道逻辑 标准问题： 1 what conclusion can be drawn for the passage？ 2 From the passage we can conclude - 3 We can infer from the passage- 4 The passage seems to indicate that- 5 which of the following is true from the passag
22、e-,推理判断题,tips: 1. 1）通过题干返回原文2） 根据选项返回原文(题干中无具体的关键词) 2.一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理，如文章主题，段落主题。根据原文意思进行判断。若有一选项与原文意思一模一样，必定是正确答案。（意思而不是表达方式一模一样。表达方式通常是同义词替换） 3。不要想得太多，推得过远，关键是理解原文。,推理判断题,本质都是细节题 抛开自己主观判断，自己就是一张白纸，任由作者在自己身上开始写。所有一切按文章走。 一个细节题对应一句话。一个推理题对应的可能是一句话，也可能是一个段落，甚至一篇文章。 围绕文章主题或段落主题进行推理。 06.6 61 It can b
23、e inferred from the passage that _. 66. What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph? 08.1 62 What do we learn from the first paragraph? 07.6 66 63 07.1 57 06.1 65 66 09.1 63 10.6 66,语义理解题,语义理解题就是对生词、句子或短语进行提问，需要考生推断考点的近义含义或引申含义 。 提问方式： 1 “-” is used in the passage to refer to “-” 2 The
24、 word “-” most probably means _. 3 according to the author, “-”most probably means _.,语义理解题,Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill. 60 What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach” (line q para.
25、9) A. a casual attitude towards ones health conditions B. a new therapy for certain psychological problems C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved D. unwillingness to find out about ones disease because of fear,主旨大意题,主旨大意题主要考查学生对整篇文章的理解能力。 主旨题题干中标志性的关键词 名词main idea purpose
26、title; 形容词、副词 major , mainly, generally 主旨题常见的提问形式 What is the main point of this passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the authors purpose in writing this passage? What may be the most appropriate title of this passage?,主旨大意题,找到文章的主题句 （1）文章的首句或首段(短文1、2句后由转折词引出的句子)首段末句 （末句出现转折或总结） （2） 二
27、段开始 （对第一段进行转折或总结） （3）前后呼应句答题方法 1。 主题句 2.各段首句相加 ，共有的词汇为文章的主题词 3.问题相加 4.关注反复重复的词,主旨大意题(解题要点),1.特别关注结论性语言和转折性语言 关键词如 conclusion, therefore, as a result, thus, so, moreover, furthermore, whats more, most important of all, but , however, rather , yet等 2.尽量避免过于绝对的选项，如 all, never, only, completely, almost,
28、 absolutely, definitely等 3.正确答案应具有一定的概括性和结论性，过于细节的一般不选（ 抽象性） 4. 主旨题一般会放在第一个或最后一个考。如果放在第一个，可读完全文再做。 5.主旨大意题最常出现的地方： 开头和结尾 08.6 61 06.1 57,观点态度题,根据、阅读材料，理解作者的意图观点、语气态度是赞同还是反对，是同情表扬还是失望批判。全文情感态度题-作者本人 局部情感态度题-例证人观点态度题基本出现在论说性质的文章中，在字里行间流露出自己的态度，或对某一现象进行肯定否定怀疑等,观点态度题 eg.,原文 (08.6 ) AL Gore calls global
29、warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we dont know enough to believe global warming, and we cant do much about it.,观点态度题 eg.,58. According to the authors understanding, what is AL Gores view on global warming? It
30、 is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences It is a problem that can solved once it is recognized. It is area we actually have little knowledge about.,常见的态度词,（1） positive（积极的） （2） negative（消极的） （3） neutral（中立的） （4） approval（赞成的） （5）
31、disapproval（不赞成的） （6） indifferent（漠不关心的） （7） sarcastic（讽刺的） （8） critical（批评的） （9） optimistic（乐观的） （10） pessimistic（悲观的）,常见的态度词,11.biased 12.objective 13.subjective 14.partial 15.impartial 16.sensitive 17.puzzled 18.scared 19. gloomy 20.content 21.doubtful 22. cautious 23.supportive 24.opposition 25.
32、suspicion 26.contempt 27.tolerance 28.dissatisfaction,观点态度题(解题方法),一 依据词汇 寻找文章中具有感情色彩的词，如 fortunately, execssively, too many 二，依据结论判断 1。Objective 情况特征1）花开两朵，各表一枝2）有问无答3）引用别人的话进行总结，无自己观点2.subjective 情况特征 有问有答 注意形容词，副词,观点态度题( tips),1.精确理解四个选项的含义。 2.不要掺杂自己的观点 3.看清谁对谁的态度。 08.6 58 06.6 63,词汇要求,1. 题干中的关键词有
33、50%能在原文中找到，还有一小部分是同义词替换。（定位原文） 08.1 65 refine the story-correct the story 2.定位原文后，不一定能直接找到答案，很多时候是同义替换 A背高频词汇 （复用单词 一词多义一词多性） B。加强同义替换意识 同义替换的重要性1.找出答案位置需要同义替换意识 2.得出正确答案需要同义替换意识1. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged _. 原文： , people were forced to abandon their old wa
34、y of life for a radically new survial strategy. Answer: to give up their former way of life,长难句常涉及的类型,1.双重否定句 负负得正，把两个表示否定的结构都去掉。No, not, hardly,seldom,never little, few, small 应注意的词根词缀 de-/dis-/un-/in- There are probably no questions (that)we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, inc
35、luding even the matter of consciousness. Answer: Man can find solutions sooner or later to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up.,长难句常涉及的类型,2.分词做状语类 （主干，现在分词、过去分词） Eg.1 Motivated in part by Christian compassion for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the
36、support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the worlds first workers compensation law in 1884. Motivated by-Chancelloer Bismark Q: The worlds first compensation law was introduced by Bismark _ Answer: out of religious and political considerations. Eg.2 08.1 66 解决方法：理清主动和被动关系
37、。一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。,长难句常涉及的类型,3. 定语从句类 规律：找真正的谓语动词时， 如果定语从句修饰主语，找第二个可以做谓语的动词，第一个是属于定语从句的谓语动词。 Tips. 先括出定语从句部分，跳出从句，抓住主干再解题。 The mother of the young man Wilde was intimate with accused him at the banquet of sexually influencing her son.,长难句常涉及的类型,4.倒装句类 类型 1） only/ not only/ nor/ nei
38、ther在句首 2）介词短语在句首 较难 Example: Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century. 找主语 along with-prep them -objective form so, social mobility 后面两个同位语 Tips: 分析词性找出谓语与主语，将主语调至谓语之前再理解文章。,长难句涉及的类型,5.强调句型 It
39、isthat 应对方法： 多训练，熟悉句式，把读到过的四级文章中的所有的看不懂的长难句全部总结起来，摘抄到一个本子上面，翻译。当翻译到100句的时候，会发现长难句不过那么五六种。当看到101句的时候，你会马上给它归类。,考题要求,深度阅读中篇章阅读 考查考生要点（大纲决定考点）1 掌握主旨要义2 了解文中具体信息3 根据所读材料进行有关的判断、推理和引申4 理解作者的意图、观点或态度5 依据上下文推测生词的词义，理解个别（重点）句子的含义,速度要求,70w/ m 300350 words 8m/p In fact, 只需读懂70% 2030sentences/ article 5Qs 1-2s
40、en.s/ Q 2/3sentences 没考到 （慧眼时才，学会跳读，该略的略。） 必读内容 1.作者的观点 判断是否为作者观点的标准： A。语句位置是否靠前靠前寻找 B. 用语是否抽象概括-闭上眼睛无法联想到现实生活中某个实际事物的词。 2.首段，尾段，首尾句 特别注意转折词略过内容：1.支持观点的例证和细节 （位置通常靠后）2. （），- - 内的内容 3.人名后的修饰,阅读训练方法,平时多做泛读练习以提高阅读速度 1.英文原版材料 （作者） 2.适合自己水平的材料 名著的简易读本 3. 国内杂志中的英文材料 英语世界 海外沙龙 四步阅读法 1.浏览文章，抓住大意 看懂文章主题句，段落主
41、题句2. 猜词 （词性，感情色彩，所处语境，所搭配的介词） 3.精读 查词，摘抄长难句并翻译 一天一篇就足够 4.换位思考 与作者换位，如果我是作者，该如何写这篇文章。 In most cases, offensive breath emanates from bacteria(细菌) in the mouth, although there are to her, more surprising causes. A. thrive on B. account for C. originate from D. descend from,篇章阅读方法,整体阅读法（先看文章后做题） 优点：全局感或
42、整体感 缺点：记不住细节，找答案费时间 查找阅读法（适合段落较多文章）读完第一段做第一题，做完第一题读第二题，带着问题去读第二段优点：符合题文同序的出题原则缺点：不适合主旨题和全文态度题两者结合：1.略读全文，把握文章大意 2m (将注意力放在文章的主题句、关键词等部分。其余内容如具体论述、细节、数字等则可以跳过不读。) 2. 根据题干中的关键词定位原文 3.以原文为依据，进行同义替换、判断推理。 2+4+4 略读文章 读题干（选项） 做题,命题考点及规律,10.复杂句常考 复杂句常是命题者出题之处，包括同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句，从句、不定式、副词等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间指代关
43、系。 一般来说，备选项的长度不会超过15个单词，这就意味着长难句中的大部分信息只是起干扰作用。要找到真正与答题相关的信息，关键在于根据题干信息在长难句的内部进行定位，然后从备选项中找出意思一致的答案。,Example,But my own worry is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader,
44、of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading 32. The authors biggest concern is _. Concern-worry biggestlessthan D. the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle class.
45、 skill act of reading,正确答案特征,(一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项 这些语气词有： must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very, completely, none, hardly等。 例(1) One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _ A. the difference between the employee and the employer has become
46、insignificant.B. peoples traditional concepts about work no longer hold true. C. most people have to take part-time jobs. D. people have to change their jobs from time to time. (分析：四个选项中，C、D两项中都含有“have to“，语气太绝对化，一般被排除。考生在剩下两项中进行选择，就大大降低了难度。),正确答案特征,（二）选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有： can, could, may,
47、 should, usually, might, most(大多数)，more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。例（1）It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes_ AAmericans are more ambitious than people in other countries B. in many countries success often depends on ones social
48、status C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America (分析：选项B中often 一词，语气委婉，不十分肯定，故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。),正确答案特征,（三）选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项。 例（1）According to Dr. David, Americans _Aare ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life B. often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit C. do not know how to relax themselves properly D. can get by(应对) on 6.5 hours of sleep (分析：答案项中A、D两项基本上是原文中句子的原现，故被排除。B项中有often 一词，语气委婉，不十肯定，故为答案。),
