1、单元短语,要点精讲,语法填空,单元语法,写作训练,人教版 必修4,Unit 1,Women of achievement,Revision: Phrases for Module 4 Unit 1 in pairs 成对 give reasons for给理由 improve prison conditions 改善监狱的条件 the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖,one of the top leaders 高级领导人之一 concern oneself with让自己关注 (be concerned about 对担心) welfare projects 福利项目 Ch
2、ina Welfare Institute 中国福利协会 show the conncetion between and 显示出和之间的联系 fight for 为而战,putto death 将处死 a specialist in womens illnesses 妇科疾病的专家 devote all her life to 将自己的一生献给致力于 rather than 而不是 behave like humans 像人类的举止 the night before 前一天晚上,wonder off 离开 make it all worthwhile 使值得 come into ones ar
3、ms 回到的怀抱 fully understand 完全理解 observe and record their daily activities 观察记录他们的日常活动 be determined to 下定决心,communicatewith 与交流 work out their social system 勾勒出他们的社会体系 the rest of the world 世界上的其他人 argue for 为辩护 argue against 反对,argue with sb. 与争论 come crowding in 纷塌而至 achieve everything 做成了所有的事 gain
4、 a doctors degree 获得了博士学位 cheer the achievements of women 为妇女的成就喝彩 support a family 支撑一个家庭,get upset 感到不安 be of great importance 很重要 look down upon 看不起 do some research做研究 catch ones eye 吸引 cut the death rate 降低死亡率,care for 照顾、喜欢 follow some simple rules 遵循一些简单的规则 be intended for 为准备 get a medical t
5、raining 获得医学培训 be placed second to 放在之后 further reading 进一步的阅读,as well as 和,还有/ 和一样 story after story 一个故事接着一个故事 deliver a baby 接生 make sure 确保,确信,carry on 继续 fill in the forms 填表 the university entrance exam 大学入学考试,1.同类辨析n.值得 be worth + 钱数；值钱doing 值得做of being done be worthy+ of n. 值得.的to be donedoi
6、ng sth. It is worthwhile 值得做某事to do sth.,词汇短语过关,9. inspire vt.鼓舞；激励；激起；唤起（感情,思想等） inspiration n.灵感,鼓励 inspired adj.受影响的 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，激励人的 归纳拓展 inspire sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 inspire sb.to sth.鼓励某人某事 inspire sth.in sb. = inspire sb.with sth.使某人产生某种感情；激发某人的某种感情 inspire sth. into sb.把某种思想灌输给某人,10
7、condition n条件；状况 联想拓展 on condition that在条件下；假设 on no condition决不(放在句首时，句子采用部分倒装) in good/poor condition状况好(不好) out of conditionin poor condition状况不佳 be in condition健康，情形(状况)良好 The condition of my health prevents me from working. 我的健康状况不允许我工作。 Ability is one of the conditions of success in life. 能力是人
8、生成功的条件之一。,1. look down upon/on蔑视；瞧不起 联想拓展 look up to sb 尊敬某人 look sb up and down 上下打量某人 look into 调查 look forward to 期待；盼望 look through仔细查看；浏览 look on.as.把当作/看作 look on 旁观；观望；认为，视为 look out (for.)当心；警戒；注意看 look over快速检查；检阅 look up查阅；好转；向上看,2. refer to提及,涉及;参考,查阅(与 look up 有区别)打听. ，就而言 reference n. 提
9、及；参考；参照；出处，参考书目 have reference to 和有关系 in/with reference to 关于 联想拓展 refer.to.把提交给 refer to.as.把当作 refer oneself to依赖；求助于 温馨提示： refer to和consult后多直接跟书籍、词典等参考资料的名词， 而look up(“查阅”)后面跟所要查找的内容作宾语， 如look up a word in a dictionary。,3. come across(偶然)遇见；碰见 come upon/ meet with / knock into 偶然遇见 联想拓展 come ab
10、out 发生 come on 快点；加油；出场；改进 come out 出现；开花；发行；发表 come up(问题、计划等)被提出；升起；长出地面 come up with 提出;想出(答案、办法等) come to到达；共计；达到 How come？为什么？怎么会？怎么搞的？ come along一起来；一道走 come down to下垂到；达到；流传下来 come true实现 come at向扑来 come off脱落,4carry on从事，忙于，经营；继续进行 归纳拓展 carry on with sth./doing sth. 继续做某事 =go on with 继续做某事 c
11、arry out执行；贯彻；实施 carry about/around随身带，携带 carry away带走；完成 carry with带着，含有 carry sth./sb. through成功完成某事； 帮助某人渡过难关 be/get carried away失去自制力；忘乎所以 carry off赢得；获得,5move off离开；启程；出发 【联想拓展】 move about/around走动 move away离开；搬走 move in/into搬入；搬进去 move on继续向前；成长 move to搬到 on the move在移(行)动中 be moved to tears感动
12、得流泪 .,6by chance碰巧；凑巧 【联想拓展】 by accident偶然；意外地 have the chance of doing sth./to do sth.有机会做某事 give sb.a chance给某人一个机会 take a chance碰运气 by any chance万一；也许,句型学与练,1. Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.我突然想起在那个 年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。 It hits/hit sb从句 某人突然
13、想起, 联想拓展 与“It hits/hit sb从句”含义相似的结构还有： It occurred/occurs to sb从句 It occurs (to sb.) to do sth.想起，想到； It strikes/struck sb从句 念头)突然浮现于(某人)心中。 Didnt it occur to you to ask him?你没有想到问他吗？ It struck him that he had missed his way. 他突然想起自己走错了路。,完成句子 我突然想起来我把她的生日忘了。 _ _all of a sudden_ I had forgotten her
14、birthday. 我突然想起没有人赞成这个改变。 _ _ nobody was in favor of the change.,It hit me that,It struck me that,学以致用,It suddenly hit the parents that their daughter hadnt got an umbrella with her. 父母突然想到女儿没有随身带一把伞。 It never occurred to him that she would fail. 他从没有想到她会失败。,2. Only after her mother came to help her
15、 for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲 头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。 Only介词短语/状语从句的倒装句式 【考点警示】 (1)only在句首修饰作状语的副词或介词短语时， 句子要倒装。 (2)only在句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用倒装语序， 从句不用倒装语序。 (3)only在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序。,【思维拓展】 含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never, not, not only, little, seldom, hardly, not until, neithe
16、r, nor, no sooner等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，即把助动词、情态动词或连系动词置于主语之前。需要注意的是，在no sooner.than.和hardly.when.引导的句子中，倒装部分常用过去完成时。,单元语法复习,主谓一致,语法一致 意义一致 就近原则,22,主谓一致 一般说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致， 即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致， 意义上一致，就近一致。 一、语法上一致 1. 不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时， 谓语通常用单数。 Much milk is offered to him. Reading aloud is ver
17、y important in learning English. To nod ones head means agreement. What they said is true. 2. and连接主语时，注意以下几点：1）由and, bothand 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数， 但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人, 同一物, 同一事， 同一概念时谓语用单数。,Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel. The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk. 【特别提
18、醒】英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有： iron and steel钢铁 law and order治安 bread and butter 黄油面包 a watch and chain一块带链的表 a knife and fork刀叉 a coat and tie配有领带的上衣 aim and end目的 truth and honesty真诚 2) 凡是由eachand each,everyand every , noand no, many a and many a连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。 Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised
19、in our company. No boy and no girl doesnt go to school at the age of seven in this village.,3) 由and 连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时, 谓语用复数。 Good and bad meat in the market are sold out. 4) 不可数名词+兵团并列修饰语作主语时, 谓语用单数。 Beer from the USA and Germany is much better than from Britain. 5) 凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数 名词
20、，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词 带the(a 或物主代词)则谓语用单数。 The professor and the writer have published a few new books on radio. The tenth and last chapter is written by a young man.,6)由and 连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语 时,为主的单复数与第一个名词一致。 The teacher, and perhaps his students too, is likely to be present. 7)What 从句的并列式作主语时,并列完整式常用
21、复数, 缩略式常用单数。 What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and do is my own affair. 8) 由and 连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作 主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。 When and where to build the new factory _yet. (MET1991) A is not decided B are not decided C has not decided D have not decided,3 主语+介词（短语）：with
22、, except, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, over, besides, together with, like, including, in addition to等连接的 名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准， 不受介词后的名词影响。 The man with hs daughters and sons is watching TV. The girls as well as the teacher are dancing. 1）E-mail, as well as telephones,_ an importa
23、nt role in our daily life (1999上海) A playing B play C plays D have played 2) A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift. (MET 1990) A is offered B has offered C are offered D have offered,4 不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody,no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything,
24、 nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody,neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时， 谓语单复数均可。 There is nothing wrong with the machine. Either of the shirts fits me very well. None of the farmers has (have) been abroad. 5 many a (an) +名词和more than one +名词做主语时 谓语用单数。 Many an apple is in the basket. More
25、than one stamp has been collected by her. 6 在四则运算中谓语单复数均可。 Three and four is (are) seven. Two times ten is (are) twenty.,7 当kind of, pair of, type of等做主语时，谓语与of 前的 kind, pair, type等保持一致。如： This pair of trousers fits you. The kind of the apple tastes delicious. 8 当a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a grea
26、t quantity of等短语 作主语时，谓语与of后的保持一致。 There are plenty of eggs in the basket. Lots of meat has been sold out. As a result of destroying the forests, a large_ of desert_ covered the land. (2001上海) A number, has B quantity, has C number, have D quantity, have,9 当分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语与后面的名词 保持一致。 Three fourths
27、 of the surface of the earth is covered withwater. 70 percent of people have known about the truth. _ of the land in that district_ covered with trees and grass. (2000上海) A Two fifth, is B Two fifth, are C Two fifth, is D Two fifths, are,10 在one of +复数名词+定语从句中如关系代词作主语 引导定语从句时，谓语根据先行词来判断，若是one of 结构，
28、定语从句用复数，若是the (only) one of结构， 定语从句用单数。 Zhou xia is one of the girls who like hiking. Tian lili is the only one of the girls who has passed the exam. 考例： He is the only of the students who_ a winner ofscholarship for three years. A is B are C have been D has been,11 “a number of+复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数 形式
29、，”the number of +复数名词作主语时， 谓语用单数形式。 The number of books is no more than 100, but a number of them is of little use. 考例： The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them_ absent for different reasons. A were , was B was, was C was , were, D were, were,二、意义上一致 1 当表示时间，距离，价格、度量等的名词作主语时 谓语用单数。
30、 Ten years is quite a long time. 2 当“the+形容词（过去分词）”指一类人作主语时， 谓语用复数。指个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。 The rich live a happy life, while the poor live a hard life. The wounded is our captain. 3 当maths (mathematics), politics, physics等学科名词 作主语时，谓语用单数，但前有物主代词修饰指某人 的某方面时，谓语用复数。 Maths is difficult to learn. His physics ar
31、e poor.,4 用作书名、剧名、报名、国名、地区名称的复数名词 作主语时，谓语用单数。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book. The United States is a developed country. 5 如果名词词组的中心词是all, most, half, rest, part 等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式， 反之用单数。 All of the rubbish was cleared away. All of the classmates have passed the examination. 6 当集合
32、名词 family, class, army, group, team, enemy, government, public, couple等作主语时， 如果主语看作一个整体，谓语用单数，如果看作其中 的成员（个体时）谓语用复数。 Class 3 are unable to agree on the plan. His family has just moved to Beijing.,7 有的名词如police, cattle, people, clothes, trousers等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语只能用复数，而有的名词则是单数、复数相同，如sheep, deer, aircraf
33、t, mean, fish, works, species,等，作主语时，就必须根据意思来确定其谓语的单复数形式。 Shortly after the accident, the police were sent to keep order. 考例： Every possible means_ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear (2000上海)。 A is used B are used C has been used D have been used,8表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers，shoes
34、，glasses，compasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： His black trousers are too long 他的黑裤子太长。 Your glasses are on your nose 你的眼镜在你鼻梁上。 若这类名词与pair连用时，谓语动词往往与pair一致。如： This pair of compasses is made in Beijing 这副圆规是北京制造的。 A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now 现在一副眼镜值很多钱。 There are two pairs of gloves on the desk 桌上有两
35、副手套。,9表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s”结尾的专有名词 作主语时的主谓一致 表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“-s” 结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean 菲律宾群岛位于太平洋。 Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America 落基山脉坐落在北美洲西部。 10.名词clothes，works(作“著作”讲)，goods，contents， the Olympic Games的谓语动词律律用复数。如： Clothes keep people warm衣服使
36、人保暖。 His works have been translated into several foreignlanguages 他的著作已经被翻译成了好几种外语。 若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。 clothes不可与不定冠词a或数词连用。 若表示“一部作品”用a work，“两部作品”用two works。,三、就近一致 1 连词 or, eitheror, notbut, neithernor, not onlybut also, whetheror等连词并列作主语时， 谓语与它最靠近的主语一致。 Either you or I am going to an
37、swer his question. Not only he but also his friends have been to New York. Either you or the headmaster_ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting (1994上海) A is handing out B are to hand out C are handing out D is to hand out 注意：两个主语由as well as，but，with， together with，except，rather than，inc
38、luding， besides等连接时,谓语动词的形式不受这些短语的影响, 应与最前面的主语一致。The teacher with his students is going there on foot.老师和他的学生们要步行去那里。,2 在there be结构中，如果主语不只是一个，谓语通常 和邻近的，即每一个主语一致。如： There is a desk and three chairs in the room. There are three chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and four chairs in the roo
39、m. There is (be) a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are (be) twenty boystudents and twentythree girlstudents in the class. Here is (be) a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer. In the distance was (be) heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后
40、面第一个主语一致。在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。,【小测验】 Science and technology _ playing a more and more important part in our daily life. Ais Bare Chas Dhave 【解析】 science and technology 作主语，意为“科技”，谓语动词用单数。由题干可知是现在进行时的用法。【答案】 A The New York Times _ published by the day in the USA，which _ a powerful nation in the world.
41、 Aare；is Bare；are Cis；are Dis；is 【解析】书刊、报纸、地名等虽以复数形式出现,但作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。the New York Times 是报纸名,所以用单数;which 引导的定语从句谓语动词的数与先行词 the USA 保持一致,故用单数。【答案】D,A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. Ashow；are Bshows；is Cshow；is Dshows；are 【解析】考
42、查主谓一致。由a survey可知第一个空用shows，首先排除A、C两项；第二个空前的three hours of outdoor exercise a week表抽象概念，看作单数，故其谓语动词用单数形式。【答案】B The number of people，who have access to their own cars，_ sharply in the past decade. Arose Bis rising Chave risen Dhas risen 【解析】主句主语是the number，谓语动词用单数，排除C项；根据时间状语in the past decade可知应用完成时
43、态，故选D。【答案】D,.语法填空练习 根据课文A student of African wildlife完成下列短文。 Jane Goodal had wanted to work with animals in their own environment_she was a child. But this was not easy. When she first arrived in Combe in 1960 ，it was_(usual) for a woman to live in the forest. Howeve_the help of her mother, she bega
44、n her work with the chimps，which changed the way_people think about chimps. Spending years observing and recording their daily_(active), Jane discovered that chimps hunt and eat meat, against_people used to think.,since,unusual,with,what,activities,in which,She_discovered how chimps communicate with
45、 each other. Working with the chimps for years, Jane has argued that wild animals should_(leave)in the wild and not used for_(entertain) or advertisement. She has achieved everything she wanted to do，but ore_(importance), she has got the world to understand and respect the lives of chimps.,答案 1. sin
46、ce 2. unusual 3. with 4. that/in which 5. activities 6. what 7. also 8. be left 9. entertainment 10. importantly,entertainment,also,importantly,be left,相关短语,1.be born in a poor family出生贫穷家庭 2. attend school 上学 3.at the age of 在岁时 4.during his childhood在他童年时 5.sense of humour幽默感,6. be always ready to
47、总是乐于 7. modest and honest谦虚诚实 8. be regarded as被认为是 9. have a gift for在方面有天赋 10. work hard at致力于,11. devote ones life to致力于 12. graduate from 从毕业 13. take an active part in积极参加 14. open-minded and optimistic乐观开朗 15. be admitted tointo a key university 被录取; 考入,16. go abroad for further studies出国深造 17
48、. be honored for因而受到尊敬 18. dream of being a writer梦想成为作家 19.make contributions to对做出贡献 20.have a strong interest in对有浓厚兴趣 21. Set a good example to us 给我们树立了良好的榜样 22. Be highly thought of 受到好评 23. Be awarded the title of 获得 称号,Working the land,Unit 2,Revision: Phrases for Module 4 Unit 2 grow plants 种植作物 know about farming 了解农业耕种 a main food 主要食物 Asian countries 亚洲国家 have the chance to do sth有机会做,
